Nomenclature Chapter 5 Classifying Binary Compounds • Compounds containing a metal and a nonmetal are – Type • Compounds containing two nonmetals – Type • Compounds containing H and a nonmetal = Metal Cations • Type I – Metals that can only – Determine charge by • Type II – Metals that can have – Determine metal cation’s charge from Naming Binary Type II Compounds • Cu+1 and N-3 • Iron (III) phosphide • Hg+2 and O-2 • Manganese (II) fluoride • Cr+3 and P-3 • Gold (I) telluride • Sn+4 and Cl-1 • Lead (IV) bromide • Ni+4 and S-2 • Cobalt (III) arsenide Ionic Compounds • Sometimes you can use the reverse of the criss-cross method • When naming compounds, Naming Ionic Compounds Examples • Au2S • NiS2 • MnO • Cr3P2 • Fe3N2 • PbF4 • CuCl2 • HgI Type III - Binary Compounds of 2 Nonmetals • These binary compounds always start with a nonmetal or a metalloid. • Name first element in formula first, • Name the second element in the formula – However, remember Type III Binary Molecular Compounds • Use a prefix in front of • Never use the prefix mono• Prefixes: 1-mono, 2-di, 3-tri, 4-tetra,5-penta, 6-hexa, 7-hepta, 8-octa, 9-nona, 10-deca, 11undeca, 12-dodeca. • To write the formula for binary molecular compounds, Binary Molecular Compounds Examples Naming Compounds Writing Formulas • Nitrogen trichloride • SiF2 • C3Cl9 • Triphosphorus pentoxide • S4I7 • Hexasulfur monofluoride • P5O10 • Diselenium pentabromide Figure 5.1: A flow chart for naming binary compounds. Ionic Compounds • Ternary ionic compounds – contain atoms of three or more different elements, usually a polyatomic ion. • Writing the formulas for ternary compounds is done in the same way as binary compounds. The polyatomic ions stays together though. Ionic Compounds • When you need more than one polyatomic ion in your formula, put parentheses around the ion, and how many of them you need outside the parentheses as a subscript. • NEVER MOVE SUBSCRIPTS OF THE IONS, ONLY THE CHARGES!!! Writing Formulas for Ternary Ionic Compound Examples • Calcium sulfate Ca+2 and SO4-2 • Sodium chlorate Na+1 and ClO3-1 • Magnesium hydroxide Mg+2 and OH-1 • Potassium phosphate K+1 and PO4-3 • Iron (III) carbonate Fe+3 and CO3-2 • Tin (IV) chromate Sn+4 and CrO4-2 • Nickel (II) dihydrogen phosphate Ni+2 and H2PO4-1 • Chromium (III) sulfate Cr+3 and SO4-2 • Copper (II) acetate Cu+2 and C2H3O2-1 • Iron (II) permanganate Fe+2 and MnO4-1 Ionic Compounds • When naming ternary compounds, name the cation (first symbol in the formula unless it is ammonium, NH4+1) first, and then the rest of the formula, which will only have one name, unless it contains hydrogen. Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds • Ca(NO3)2 • Ni3(PO3)4 • KClO3 • Fe(CN)2 • BaSO3 • Mn(HCO3)3 • AlPO4 • Au2CO3 • CuOH • Cr2HPO4 Acids Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids • All acids begin with a hydrogen, and are neutral compounds. • In all acids, the cation is the hydrogen ion, H+1. • Anions change their endings when they become acids. Acids • -ide ions become hydro root ic acid • Ex: chloride becomes hydrochloric acid • -ate ions become root ic acid • Ex: nitrate becomes nitric acid • -ite ions become root ous acid • Ex: chlorite becomes chlorous acid Acids Naming & Formula Writing Examples Naming Acids • H3PO3 Writing Formulas for Acids • Sulfuric acid • HI • Hydroarsenic acid • HCN • Perchloric acid • H2C4H4O6 • Hypoiodous acid Hydrates Naming & Writing Formulas for Hydrates • Hydrates – compounds that have a certain number of water molecules attached to each formula unit. • To name hydrates, use the same prefixes you used for naming binary molecular compounds and add –hydrate after the prefix. Hydrates • To write the formula for compounds containing hydrates you simply have to determine how many molecules are present by looking at the prefix written before the hydrate. • If you see a substance where it says it is anhydrous, that means it does not have any water molecules attached to each formula unit. Naming and Formula Writing Examples for Hydrates • CuSO4 5H2O • FeCl2 3H2O • Ca3(PO4)2 8H2O • Sodium thiosulfate tetrahydrate • Magnesium hydroxide dihydrate • Stannic nitrate octahydrate