Spring Final Exam Review
The diagram to the right shows a model of species divergence among
some primates. If this model is correct, the greatest genetic differences
would be found in the DNA sequences of which two species?
• Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons
• Hylobates iar and Pongo pygmaeus
• Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta
• Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta
The spines of a cactus are modified leaves. The thorn of a rose is a
modified branch. What does this suggest about the evolution of these
two families of plants?
The spine and the thorn are analogous
structures and are not proof of common
ancestry.
In addition to shark teeth in the desert, archeologists have also
uncovered fossils of ancient mammals resembling whales that appear
to have leg bones. While modern whales have similar leg bones, they
are much smaller and are not externally visible. These non-functioning
leg bones are examples of…
Vestigial Structures
The picture to the right shows the limbs of a bat, a mole and a
manatee. The limbs of these vertebrate animals are structurally similar.
These types of similarities are called…
Homologous Structures
In a certain area of undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of horseshoe
crabs may be found in the upper layer, while a lower layer contains
fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct aquatic arthropods resembling
modern horseshoe crabs. This information suggests that …
Horseshoe crabs may have evolved from trilobites
A gradual period of time in which little change
occurs in a population is called…
Gradualism
A cicada is an insect with a lifespan of around 17 years. A turtle may
live to be 150 years old. A honey bee lives about 1 year. A mosquito
lives about 15 days. Of these organisms, which would have the highest
rate of evolution?
Mosquito
How do pesticides function within the
context of natural selection?
Pests become immune to chemical controls
and survive.
Blackberry bushes require warm temperatures to sprout shoots and
begin growing foliage. After a period of warm temperatures, most
blackberry bushes require a period of cool temperatures for proper
formation of fruit and seed. However, several types of blackberry bush
are more tolerant of variable temperatures and can develop seeds and
fruit in warmer temperatures. If global warming becomes a permanent
trend, which scenario is most likely to occur?
Warm weather blackberry bushes will eventually replace those that
require cooler weather.
A farmer’s use of the best livestock for
breeding is an example of …
Artificial Selection
All the following terms are associated with natural selection except…
• Survival of the Fittest
• The struggle for existence
• Only the strong survive
• Recombinant technology
Which question below would be most
appropriate to ask Charles Darwin?
Why do you think competition creates
organisms best linked to their
environment?
Which of the following is not one of Darwin’s Theories of Evolution?
• Variations are inheritable
• Species alive today have descended with modifications and all have
common ancestry
• Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
• Individual organisms can alter their body structure to give them an
advantage in nature
Which of the following would not have contributed to speciation of
finches in the Galapagos?
• Founding of new populations
• Geographical separation of populations
• Changes in the gene pool
• All Three
If coat color in a rabbit is a polygenic trait, which graph would represent
directional selection favoring black rabbits.
C
The diagram to the right shows how two small groups taken from a
large diverse population could produce new populations that differ
from the original group. This is an example of:
Genetic Drift
A seed grows with the root moving downward and the leaf sprout
moving upward no matter how the seed is planted. The reason for this
is….
Geotropism
If a plant was deprived of water, which of the following processes
would most likely be affected first?
Transpiration
A passion flower will self-pollinate if insects have not done the job
when the pollen is mature. The three sections of the stigma will curl
downward toward the anthers for pollination to occur. This is an
example of the flower parts reaction to stimuli from which of the
following…
Reproductive System
The food that a plant makes must be distributed throughout the plant
cells for use and storage. The process takes both ATP and osmotic
pressure from water in the phloem to push the sugars from the leaf to
growing parts of the plant, like roots. This process is a type of …..
Active Transport
What is the most likely seed dispersal mechanism for a
seed with wing-like structures?
Wind
The loss of water from a plant through its
leaves is…
Transpiration
Sugars and other organic compounds are
transported through the plant by the …
Phloem
A plant’s response to an external stimulus is
called…
Tropism
The epidermal structures that control the
exchange of gases are called…
Stomata
What is the primary function of plant leaves?
To trap sunlight for
photosynthesis
Cells in the apical meristem that cause a root to
grow longer are found…
Just behind the root tip
The location of haploid male gametophytes.
D
Stigma…
A
There are over 1 million known species of insects. What
system helps scientists distinguish among the different
species?
Taxonomy
What was Carl Linnaeus’ contribution to taxonomy?
He developed the binomial
nomenclature system
What is the correct order for the classification system?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, Species
Which category of classification is least
specific?
Kingdom
Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus are organisms
that belong to the same …
Genus
The method used to construct a hypothetical
evolutionary tree is…
Cladistics
What are the three domains of living things?
Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
What do plants have in common with protists,
animals, and fungus? They are…
Eukaryotic
When examining water from a nearby pond, you
find single-celled, heterotrophic eukaryotes. To
what kingdom do they belong?
Protista
Which organ system is responsible for the
continuation of the species?
Reproductive
These two systems act together to break down
and distribute nutrients to the cells…
Digestive and Circulatory
These two systems work together to facilitate
movement and locomotion…
Muscular and Skeletal
These two systems work together to pick up
and filter nitrogenous waste from the body…
Excretory and Circulatory
The picture below is an example of a …
Food Web
The butterfly would be considered a(n)…
Herbivore
The mouse would be considered a(n)…
Omnivore
What is the correct energy flow in an
ecosystem?
Energy flows from producers to
consumers to decomposers
In the pyramid to the right, if there are 10,000 units of energy available
at the first level (green plants), how many units of energy would be
available at the tertiary consumer level?
10 units
A series of predictable changes that occur
in a community over time…
Ecological Succession
When a disturbance of some kind changes
and existing community…
Secondary Succession
A tornado might cause this type of succession…
Secondary Succession
A volcanic eruption would cause this type of
succession…
Primary Succession
All the same species of inhabitants of a
particular place…
Population
A complex of terrestrial communities that covers a large area and is
characterized by certain soil and climate conditions and particular
assemblages of plants and animals…
Biome
Why are microscopic algae important to ecosystems?
It forms the basis of aquatic food
chains
Bacteria inhabit the intestines of cows. Cows eat plants but cannot
digest the cellulose. The bacteria derive their nutrition from the plants
the cows eat and make available nutrients for the cow by breaking
down the plant cellulose. What symbiotic interactions is illustrated by
the cows and bacteria?
Mutualism
Epiphytes are plants that live on sturdier plants. They do not take any
nourishment from their host and simply benefit from being better
exposed to sunlight. What type of relationship is this?
Commensalism
A=Producer
B=Primary Consumer
C=Secondary Consumer
D=Tertiary Consumer