Michael Vereb 11th Grade US History American International Imperialism and Domestic Progressivism UNIT OVERVIEW This seven-class unit will cover from the Spanish American War to the end of World War I, specifically addressing the issues of America’s imperialist policies abroad and progressive policies at home. Two essential questions will guide the unit, focusing on the foreign policy shift represented by imperialism and the American consensus around progressive sentiments. By the end of the unit, the students should have learned about the impact of media on public opinion, America’s rise to world power, the causes for social movements, and how America handled its role as a world power. This unit fits chronologically into the existing curriculum, taking the step from Monroe Doctrine policies to Big Stick policies as well as addressing the social issues brought about by industrialization, immigration, and the overcrowding of cities. It will be followed by subsequent units on the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression. The students should come into the unit with prior knowledge about US History preceding the time period. It is assumed that the students have basic skills with which to approach primary documents and analyze the relevance and association of such documents to their historical time period and to today. Venn diagrams and compare/contrast charts will be used to enhance the student’s ability to understand the relation between history and their own lives. Analysis skills will be developed during the course of the unit through regular use of primary documents with appropriate scaffolding by the teacher. These skills will be further developed through the use of the Concept Formation, Inquiry, and Socratic Seminar lesson models. The students will also increase their skills in working with groups and speaking in public through regular group work and class discussions. This unit is designed for three different sections of US History- AP, Dual Enrollment, and Honors. The content for the lower level classes will be slightly less deep but the main difference between the instruction will be the amount of scaffolding provided during the higher order thinking activities. Throughout the year, the Honors and Dual Enrollment classes have proven themselves capable of handling difficult material with the addition of such scaffolding. The assessments will all be differentiated to account for the separate classes. RATIONALE Ideas of progressivism and imperialism are very much a part of American society today. Students should be challenged to address these issues in their own context as they learn the necessary curriculum for the SOL’s. The classes will address appropriate content to prepare the AP students for their exam while also challenging the other classes to use higher order thinking. The other classes have shown themselves capable to complete such difficult activities and I’m confident they will continue to do so during this unit. GOALS & ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1|Page 1. How did the Spanish American War and imperialism of the late nineteenth century represent a deviation of basic American principles? 2. How did different Americans respond to the Progressive agenda? OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, the student will be able to… 1. Analyze the war-hungry public sentiment of the United States leading up to the Spanish American War in a short essay. 2. Analyze and interpret examples of yellow journalism to increase understanding of events and life in United States history through primary documents. (USII.1a) 3. Explain the reasons for and results of the Spanish American War in class discussion. 4. Recognize the emergence of the United States as a world power after the Spanish American War in class discussion. 5. List examples of Progressive Movement leaders and their main goals on a chart. 6. Relate the emergence of progressive labor movements to industrialization in a cause-and-effect format. 7. Compare and contrast Theodore Roosevelt’s imperialist foreign policies with the Monroe Doctrine and prior United States foreign policy in a Venn diagram. 8. Explain the United States’ emergence as a world power and its impact on the world stage during World War I by writing a short paper. STANDARDS Standard USII.4e: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by: e) Describing the impact of the Progressive Movement on child labor, working conditions, the rise of organized labor, women’s suffrage, and the temperance movement. Standard USII.5- The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War I by: a) Explaining the reasons for and results of the Spanish American War. b) Describing Theodore Roosevelt’s impact on the foreign policy of the United States. c) Explaining the reasons for the United States’ involvement in World War I and its international leadership role at the conclusion of the war. OUTLINE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction to Imperialism a. Examples b. Non-examples 2. Spanish American War a. American sentiments before war 2|Page b. Foreign investing i. Business ii. Social c. Sinking of the USS Maine d. Yellow Journalism e. Results of the Spanish American War i. US emerges as world power ii. Cuba independent w/ restrictions iii. US territorial gains 3. Foreign Policy a. Monroe Doctrine b. Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy i. Panama Canal ii. International policing power iii. Great White Fleet c. Imperialism vs. Anti-imperialism d. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy e. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy i. Mexico 4. Progressive movement (1901-1918) a. Who were progressives? b. Causes c. Organized labor and workplace reforms d. Election of 1912 e. Women’s suffrage f. Temperance movement g. African Americans h. 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments i. New Nationalism vs. New Freedom 5. WWI a. Causes of the war b. Reasons for involvement c. Results of involvement d. Allied and Central Powers e. Wilson’s Fourteen Points ASSESSMENTS & EVALUATIONS Formative Assessments Students will be formatively assessed based on their participation in group and class-wide discussions. 3|Page Students will be formatively assessed through class work, charts, exit tickets, primary document analyses, and Venn diagrams. Students will be formatively assessed through their writing of a short essay on American sentiments before the Spanish American War and the emergence of the US on the world stage following WWI. Summative Assessments Students will be summatively assessed based on their performance on an end-of-unit test, which will evaluate content knowledge at the cognitive level defined in the unit objectives. CALENDAR Day 1 Objectives 1, 2, 3,4 Imperialism Entering the Spanish American War The Spanish American War Results Day 5 Objective 8 Maintaining neutrality before WWI Entering WWI Day 2 Objective 7 President Roosevelt Monroe Doctrine (refresh) Roosevelt Corollary Big Stick Diplomacy Panama Canal Roosevelt’s impact on foreign policy Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy Day 6 Objectives 8 WWI Wilson’s Fourteen Points Socratic SeminarAmerica as a world power, imperialism Day 3 Objectives 5, 6 Progressive movement- women, negative effects of industrialization Trustbusting Day 4 Objectives 5,6 Progressive movement- labor, workplace reforms, temperance movement Day 7 Unit Test DAILY LESSON PLANS 4|Page Day 1 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Subject: AP US History Lesson Title: Imperialism- Concept Formation Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE The late nineteenth century represents a shift in American foreign policy that has significant repercussions for America today. The unit will center around the essential question “Did the Spanish American War and imperialism of the late nineteenth century represent a deviation of basic American principles” so it is important that the class has a firm understanding of the concept of imperialism. The concept formation model allows the students to construct their own knowledge of the concept by examining examples and non-examples to ensure that they can distinguish between the two. Following the Concept Formation lesson on imperialism, the class will learn about the causes leading up to the Spanish American War. This will tie in well with the concept lesson on imperialism, since America’s ventures in Latin America at the time reflect imperialist foreign policies. The United States entered the Spanish American War because of a frenzied media, imperialist tendencies, business interests, jingoism, and the eventual sinking of the USS Maine. This lesson will present material about the reasons for entering the Spanish American War, discuss the actual fighting of the war, and conclude with the ramifications for US victory in the war. The most important result, America’s recognition as a world power, will serve as a foundational understanding for later lessons on WWI and WWII. After the lesson, students should begin to be able to make connections to American involvement in wars they are familiar with today. Students will also develop skills in reading primary documents. SOLS & OBJECTIVES SOL USII.5a- The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War I by explaining the reasons for and results of the Spanish American War. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to… 1. Distinguish between examples and non-examples of Imperialism on a chart. 2. Apply knowledge of Imperialism to the Spanish American War through class discussion. 3. Analyze the role of the media, business, and society on America’s involvement in the Spanish American War in class discussion. 4. Explain the reasons for and results of the Spanish American War in class discussion. 5|Page 5. Analyze the emergence of the United States as a world power after the Spanish American War through an exit ticket. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What is Imperialism? 2. Why did the United States enter the Spanish American War? 3. What were the results of the Spanish American War? MATERIALS/RESOURCES 1. Data retrieval chart for each student 2. Powerpoint presentation CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES Critical Attributes of Imperialism: 1. Extension of power over other areas 2. Political, religious, humanitarian, or economically motivated 3. Assertion of world power Concept Formation Plan 1. Pass out data retrieval charts for students to work on in pairs (15 minutes) 2. Ask for examples of similarities between the examples and write them on the board, circling the critical attributes (5 minutes) 3. Teacher will write definition of imperialism “the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas; broadly : the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence.” (2 minutes) 4. Ask the class for a label for the concept until “imperialism” is suggested (3 minutes) 5. Classifying: four examples will be presented to the class for them to decide if it meets the qualifications for imperialism or not. If not an example, the class will have to determine what to change to make it an example (10 minutes) America’s Involvement in the Spanish American War 1. Students take out notebooks for lecture on the reasons for America’s involvement in the Spanish American War (45 minutes) 2. Students will analyze example of yellow journalism presented in the powerpoint. 3. Exit Ticket: “How did the media, business, and society lead to America’s involvement in the Spanish American War?” (10 minutes) DIFFERENTIATION 6|Page The concept formation lesson plan involves group work that allows the teacher to roam around the room and provide additional scaffolding if necessary. For students that have difficulty coming up with their own example, the teacher can suggest where to look in their textbook for a satisfactory example. ADAPTATIONS The concept formation lesson involves a lot of reading while working in the groups to go over the dataretrieval charts. Students that have difficulty reading will be placed in groups with strong readers so the data-retrieval chart information can be read aloud to them. ASSESSMENT Students will be formatively assessed when the class reviews the data-retrieval chart. The teacher may go over missed material again to enhance understanding. The teacher will ask questions during the lecture to check for understanding about imperialism, its role in the Spanish American War, the impact of yellow journalism, and the results of the Spanish American War. The question-answer session will serve as a formative assessment of student comprehension. Finally, the class will have an exit ticket that will assess the student’s analysis of America’s emergence as a world power. HOMEWORK http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/imperialism 7|Page Which country was in control? What is the main nature of the relationship? How did that country gain control? Why did that country want control? Desiring to destroy Greece’s main enemy, the Persian Empire, between 334 and 323 BC, Alexander the Great conquered vast tracts of land from Greece as far East as India and as far south as the Upper Nile religions of Egypt. Alexander’s armies spread Greek language and culture to conquered lands. Alexander retained control of all conquered lands until his death in 323. In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean and claimed the new territory for Spain. In the decades to follow, Conquistadors like Cortez and Pizarro poured into Central America in a search for gold and resources, of which a portion was sent back to Spain. Millions of natives were slaughtered and enslaved in the process. Hoping to become a dominant leader in world affairs, the Ottoman Turks began a long period of territorial expansion through military conquest in the 15th century, eventually controlling all of Asia Minor, most of the Balkans, and a large expanse of territory from the Middle East all the way across North Africa. This territory began to contract in the 19th century and the Ottoman Turks finally fell out of power in 1922. 8|Page Day 2 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Subject: AP US History Lesson Title: Roosevelt’s Foreign Diplomacy Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE Roosevelt’s accidental assumption of the presidency made him the then youngest American president. In this lesson, students will draw on prior knowledge about the young assistant secretary of the navy to predict how the expansionist leader of the Rough Riders would influence American foreign policy. They will learn about Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and how Big Stick Diplomacy impacted the making of the Panama Canal. Roosevelt’s influence on foreign policy lasted after his presidency was over, as subsequent presidents had to respond to Big Stick Diplomacy. This lesson will look at how Taft and later Wilson slightly modified the policies of Roosevelt, yet still more closely resembled Big Stick Diplomacy than a strict adherence to the Monroe Doctrine. After understanding foreign policies before and after Roosevelt, the students will have to evaluate the impact that Roosevelt had on America’s foreign policy. SOLS & OBJECTIVES SOL USII.5b- The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War I by describing Theodore Roosevelt’s impact on the foreign policy of the United States. SOL USII.8c The student will demonstrate knowledge of the economic, social, and political transformation of the United States and the world between the end of World War II and present by identifying the role of America’s military and veterans in defending freedom during the Cold War, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to… 1. Compare and contrast Theodore Roosevelt’s imperialist foreign policies with the Monroe Doctrine and prior United States foreign policy in a Venn diagram. 2. Relate the Roosevelt Corollary to American involvement or noninvolvement in more contemporary foreign affairs (ie: Vietnam) 3. List the differences between Big Stick Diplomacy, Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral Diplomacy on a chart. 4. Analyze how Big Stick Diplomacy irreparably entered America onto the world stage during a class discussion. 9|Page 5. Evaluate how Roosevelt impacted America’s foreign policy in a short essay. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How does the Roosevelt Corollary represent a shift from former American principles? MATERIALS/RESOURCES 1. Powerpoint presentation 2. Data sets (four different sets) 3. Data retrieval charts CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES 1. Warm-Up: What does the Monroe Doctrine say? (10 minutes) 2. Lecture/Frontloading: Big Stick Diplomacy, Dollar Diplomacy, Moral Diplomacy (30 minutes) Inquiry Lesson: Would Roosevelt have entered into Vietnam? (50 minutes) 1. Explanation of the Inquiry Model (5 minutes) 2. Students make hypotheses about the question, “Would Theodore Roosevelt have entered into Vietnam?” (5 minutes) 3. Students will be divided into groups of four, with four data sets for each group. Each student will be the “expert” on their data set and present the information to the rest of the group. After each data set is presented, the group will use their prior knowledge about Roosevelt and imperialism to revise their hypotheses based on the new information. (30 minutes) 4. The class will share their revised hypotheses and have a discussion to assess understanding of Roosevelt’s impact on foreign policy. (10 minutes) http://www.newsinhistory.com/feature/newspaper-articles-about-vietnam-war DIFFERENTIATION The Inquiry Lesson involves group work where the teacher can provide additional scaffolding to students that are struggling with the material. This scaffolding will be especially necessary as not all of the students will have a complete understanding of the Vietnam War, and may not have an adequate understanding even after the data sets are provided. ADAPTATIONS ASSESSMENT The teacher will formatively assess the students by looking at their Venn diagrams, foreign diplomacy charts, and data retrieval charts. HOMEWORK 10 | P a g e Monroe Doctrine & Roosevelt Corollary Venn diagram Monroe Doctrine James Monroe, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams 1823 American continents “not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers” US opposed to attempts by a European power over any republic in the Western Hemisphere Noncolonization and nonintervention Nationalistic Similarities Generally limited to Western Hemisphere Noncolonization Don’t want other countries to intervene Nationalistic Roosevelt Corollary Theodore Roosevelt 1905 US will intervene to prevent others from intervening Justified wholesale interventions and repeated landings of the marines Focused on Western Hemisphere Panama Canal (US will intervene if it helps the US) Big Stick Diplomacy, Dollar Diplomacy, Moral Diplomacy Big Stick Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 US will intervene to prevent others from intervening Justified wholesale interventions and repeated landings of the marines Focused on Western Hemisphere Panama Canal (US will intervene if it helps the US) Dollar Diplomacy William Howard Taft 1909-1913 Not “Big Stick” Expansionist, but based on financial investments, not navy Promote US trade by supporting American enterprises abroad Railroads in China Intervention in Nicaragua Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson 1913-1917 Supposedly opposed to imperialism, big stick diplomacy, and dollar diplomacy Righting past wrongs: 1) Jones Act of 1916 gave Philippines full territorial status, bill of rights, universal male suffrage, and independence, 2) US citizenship granted to all inhabitants of Puerto Rico in 1917, 3) repealed an act that exempted US ships from paying toll on Panama Canal BUT, he asked for an arms embargo against Mexican gov’t., and blockaded the port of Vera Cruz, later occupying it 11 | P a g e Would Theodore Roosevelt have entered into the Vietnam War? Document Title Summary Revised Hypothesis 1 2 3 4 12 | P a g e Day 3 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Subject: AP US History Lesson Title: Progressive Movement (part I) Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE The youth of President Roosevelt helped organize “progressivist” sentiments that had been building momentum since the early 1890’s in response to increased immigration, growing cities, industrialization, big business, income gaps, and political machines. The Progressives were made up of the US urban middle-class and worked for reforms in labor, suffrage, and temperance. The students will make predictions about the causes and effects of the Progressive Movement. SOLS & OBJECTIVES SOL USII.4d- The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by describing the impact of the Progressive Movement on child labor, working conditions, the rise of organized labor, women’s suffrage, and the temperance movement. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to… 1. Describe the causes leading up to the emergence of the progressive movement in a class discussion. 2. Relate their knowledge of yellow journalism media during the Spanish American War to muckraker magazines of the Progressive Era. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. Did all Americans embrace the Progressive agenda? MATERIALS/RESOURCES CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES Venn diagram with yellow journalism/muckraking Vocabulary? DIFFERENTIATION ADAPTATIONS 13 | P a g e ASSESSMENT HOMEWORK 14 | P a g e Day 4 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Lesson Title: Progressive Movement (part II) Subject: AP US History Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE The election of William Howard Taft led to an eventual schism within the Republican Party between Taft and the conservatives and Roosevelt and the progressives. The division led to an easy election four years later for Woodrow Wilson, who also continued progressive legislation. Students will analyze the shift within the Republican Party and then answer the question of whether all Americans embraced the Progressive agenda. SOLS & OBJECTIVES SOL USII.4d- The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by describing the impact of the Progressive Movement on child labor, working conditions, the rise of organized labor, women’s suffrage, and the temperance movement. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to… 1. List examples of Progressive Movement leaders and their main goals on a chart. 2. Identify the exclusion of African Americans from the Progressive agenda through a class discussion. 3. Evaluate the divisions within the Republican Part of the early 20th century by addressing the conservative and progressive units of the party in an exit ticket. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. Did all Americans embrace the Progressive agenda? MATERIALS/RESOURCES CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES JIGSAW activity about different Progressive leaders DIFFERENTIATION ADAPTATIONS 15 | P a g e ASSESSMENT HOMEWORK 16 | P a g e Day 5 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Subject: AP US History Lesson Title: Wilson’s Neutrality Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE Woodrow Wilson won his second election in 1916 with the slogan that “He kept us out of war,” a difficult task when American trading interests were intertwined with a full-scale war in Europe. Eventual antagonistic events occurred that pushed Wilson into asking for a declaration of war against Germany, including unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram. The students will learn about the difficulties in maintaining neutrality and the eventual impact of entering the war, with specific emphasis on business and labor. SOLS & OBJECTIVES SOL USII.5c- The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War I by explaining the reasons for the United States’ involvement in World War I and its international leadership at the conclusion of the war. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to… 1. List the events that led to World War I in their notes. 2. List the countries that made up the Allied and Central Powers during World War I. 3. Describe the difficulties America faced in remaining neutral during World War I in a class discussion. 4. Recognize the causes of America’s involvement in World War I in an exit ticket. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. Why did the US have a difficult time staying out of World War I? MATERIALS/RESOURCES CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES Look up propaganda pictures! Lots of pictures DIFFERENTIATION ADAPTATIONS 17 | P a g e ASSESSMENT HOMEWORK 18 | P a g e Day 6 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Subject: AP US History Lesson Title: World War I Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE At the conclusion of the war, Wilson asserted himself as a world leader at the Treaty of Versailles with his introduction of the Fourteen Points, which represented an alternative to the harshly punitive wishes of the Big Four Allied countries. After this lesson, students should understand the tenants of the Fourteen Points, the causes for its failure to be ratified, and the impact of WWI on the United States. SOLS & OBJECTIVES SOL USII.5c- The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War I by explaining the reasons for the United States’ involvement in World War I and its international leadership at the conclusion of the war. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. List the main tenants of the Fourteen Points. Summarize the sentiments of the Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles in a class discussion. Explain Congress’ reservations in ratifying the Treaty of Versailles. Discuss the problems presented by demobilization following the conclusion of World War I. Analyze America’s role as a world leader following World War I in an exit ticket. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How did America assert its world authority following World War I? MATERIALS/RESOURCES 1. Powerpoint slides 2. Class organized in a circle for Socratic Seminar CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES 1. Warm-Up: Why did America enter World War I? (10 minutes) 2. Lecture: Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles (20 minutes) 19 | P a g e Socratic Seminar/ Unit Review 1. Introduction about expectations for Socratic Seminar (5 minutes) a. Students should use evidence from primary sources, notes, and readings when contributing b. Each student should contribute at least once to the discussion c. Students should respond to questions of their classmates d. Students should only speak one at a time and be respectful of their classmates 2. Questions a. Did all Americans embrace the Progressive agenda? b. Did the Spanish American War and imperialism of the late nineteenth century represent a deviation of basic American principles? c. What led to the Progressive Movement? d. What were the most important legislations passed during the Progressive Movement? e. How did America assert its world authority during WWI? DIFFERENTIATION This lesson does not provide many options for differentiation as it is predominately student-directed, while still highly structured. Students will need to contribute at least once during the discussion, but will have flexibility in deciding when to contribute. ADAPTATIONS There are no students with IEP’s or 504’s in these classes. For students that have difficulty speaking in front of the class I could meet with them to hear contributions without making them speak in front of the class. ASSESSMENT Formative assessment will be done during the Socratic Seminar to check the student’s understanding of the unit material and their comprehension skills. HOMEWORK Study for Unit Test next class. 20 | P a g e Day 7 Michael Vereb Unit: American Imperialism and Progressivism Subject: AP US History Lesson Title: Unit Test Grade Level: 11 90 minutes CONTEXT/RATIONALE SOLS & OBJECTIVES ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS MATERIALS/RESOURCES CONTENT & INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES DIFFERENTIATION ADAPTATIONS ASSESSMENT HOMEWORK 21 | P a g e