Lesson 1
• 1. The United States was hoping to add a
naval base in Hawaii and wanted to
benefit from the wealth of the sugar
industry.
• 2. He convened the conference to try to
reduce customs tariffs among American
nations, which would steer countries away
from European products.
Lesson 2
• 1. The United States was hoping to add a
naval base in Hawaii and wanted to
benefit from the wealth of the sugar
industry.
• 2. He convened the conference to try to
reduce customs tariffs among American
nations, which would steer countries away
from European products.
Lesson 3
• 5. A canal would save time and money in commercial
and military shipping. Panama was chosen over
Nicaragua because a French company sold its rights and
property in Panama. Roosevelt sent ships to Panama
and recognized that nation’s independence from
Colombia.
• 6. Because Latin American nations owed so much to
European banks, the United States intervened and put
pressure on both sides to reach an agreement. The goal
was to use the debt problems to intervene in the Latin
American region. Many Latin American nations resented
America’s influence, but debts were paid to the
European banks.
21st Century Skills
• 7. Filipinos were surprised by this turn of events, and resisted
American annexation with the use of guerrilla warfare. The United
States did not view the annexation as unfair and thought it was
helping the people of the Philippines.
• 8. The Hawaiian Islands provided a place for ships to resupply
during the long trips across the Pacific Ocean.
• 9. Supporting: need to expand markets, build naval bases, AngloSaxonism; Opposing: against tenets of Constitution, costs
outweighed benefits, would drive down American wages.
• 10. The United States had access to resources in Guam, Puerto
Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, expanded trade with China, and
assumed European based debt of Latin American countries.
Exploring the Essential Question
• 11. Diagrams should include key details from the
chapter. The causes were that the United States
wanted new markets, that many Americans
believed the United States should spread its
power and civilization to other parts of the world.
Its effects were establishing relations with China,
negotiating peace between Russia and Japan,
intervening in the affairs of Caribbean nations,
Mexico, and the Pacific, and controlling and
building the Panama Canal.
Document-Based Questions
• 12. A naval base to be a stopover to any other
destination in the region, where ships could
refuel and restock supplies. It would also
increase U.S. influence in the region.
• 13. Schurz believes that instead of using force,
the United States could have supported
Philippine independence and it still would have
been able to obtain trade with Asia.
Extended-Response Question
• 14. Students’ essays must demonstrate a strong
grasp of the imperialist policies of the United
States. Essays should describe the effects of
these policies on the people and the lands that
were affected by U.S. imperialism. Students may
discuss, for example, the Panama Canal, the
Spanish-American War, the annexation of
Hawaii, or relations with Asian nations. Essays
must include an introduction and a conclusion.
• What were the reasons for the SpanishAmerican War?
The sinking of the Maine, the Cuban
rebellion, American business interests,
and yellow journalism.
• What were the main consequences of
the Spanish-American War?
The end of Spain’s dominion in the New
World, the establishment of an American
empire.
• How did the interests of business result
in the statehood of Hawaii?
Sugar interests that wanted to maximize
profits, but feared Hawaiian nationalism,
got help from the marines to stage a coup
to take over Hawaii on the United States’s
behalf.
• How did the United States persuade the
Japanese to open trade?
Through a show of military technology, as
Commodore Perry arrived in Japan aboard
a steam-powered warship.
• In what ways did the Open Door policy
save China from European partition?
The United States, wary of what partition
could mean to American business
interests, negotiated with European
powers to keep China relatively free,
although powerless.
• What was the reason for the building of
the Panama Canal?
It was built so that ships could pass more
quickly from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Oceans.
• What is a protectorate?
A protectorate is a territory controlled by a
more powerful nation, but independent in
internal matters.