America Expands
Annexation of Hawaii, Cuban Rebellion, Spanish
American War, Panama Canal, and Political Agendas
Territorial Expansion
Alaska Added
 U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million!
 Less than 2 cents an acre . . .
 Got 600,000 acres!
Annexation of Hawaii
 1870, Americans in Hawaii controlled most land and trade
 1886, U.S. allows Hawaii to ship sugar to U.S. tariff free in
exchange for Pearl Harbor.
 Who would oppose tariff-free sugar?
 1890, McKinley Tariff
 Hawaii now has to pay tariffs
 Leads to economic crisis in HI
 Why?
Annexation of Hawaii cont.
 Read the last 2 paragraphs on page 494.
 What happened in 1891?
 1893?
 1898?
Spanish-American War
 Watch the film and answer the questions about the Spanish-
American War.
The Panama Canal
The Panama Canal
 November 1903
 U.S. had tried to negotiate with Colombia about the construction of
the canal
 U.S. supported Panama in her quest for independence from
Colombia
 . . . IF the U.S. was granted “unending” control over a ten-mile
wide strip of land in Panama
 . . . To build the Panama Canal
 Why would the U.S. want this land?
The Panama Canal
 It took:
 10 years to build
 40,000 + workers
 390 million $$$
 It is approximately 50
miles long
Theodore Roosevelt’s Role
 Responsible for negotiating
the treaty
 Part of his Roosevelt
Corollary
 Some believed he was
trying to dominate Latin
America.
Panama Canal Statistics
 Took 5,609 lives due to
accidents and disease,
mostly Caribbean laborers.
 13,000 vessels pass through
yearly.
 70% come from U.S.
Ports.
 Average voyage takes 8
days to cover entire canal.
Convenient Waterway
 War materials and
thousands of troops passed
through the canal during
WWII, Korean War, and
the Vietnam War.
More Canal History
 U.S. turns over control to
Panama in 1999.
Cuba
America as a World Power
“The world becomes smaller”
 Turn to the person beside you and explain what this means.
 Also discuss HOW and WHY the world becomes smaller.
Spheres of Influence
 European countries had carved out “spheres of influence” in
China
 SoI = Areas where an imperial country has exclusive trading
rights
 The U.S. fears missing out on this.
 Why?
 Need access to important foreign market for American products
 So what does the U.S. do?
Open Door Policy
 Secretary of State, John Hay, saw the need to open trade for
the U.S. in China
 Proposes in 1899 the “Open Door Policy”
 Called for equal trading rights in China for all countries
 No countries actually responded to his proposal, so he just
declared that it was approved.
In this cartoon, Uncle Sam restrains the
militaristic aggression of the European
Great Powers—France, Russia, Germany,
and Italy—while China desirously eyes an
American-made train engine, sewing
machine, and other U.S. commercial
products. In the left-background,
Britain’s John Bull doffs his hat
approvingly at Uncle Sam’s behavior. The
only major player missing from the scene
is Japan, whose emergence as a Great
Power and intervention in China
following the Sino-Japanese War of 18941895 was key to spurring other nations to
compete for economic and political
influence there.
http://www.tobacco.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCa
rtoon.asp?Month=November&Date=18
A Fair Field and No Favor!
Uncle Sam, “I’m out for
commerce, not conquest!”
Dollar Diplomacy
 To discourage European affairs in Latin America, President Taft
established in 1912, “Dollar Diplomacy”
 Encouraged American banks and businesses to invest in L.A.
countries to discourage their reliance on Europe.
 Taft promised that the U.S. would step in if unrest threatened
these investments.
 What doctrine does the idea of “dollar diplomacy” come from?
Roosevelt Corollary
 Added to the Monroe Doctrine
 M.D. – warned not to establish new
colonies
 R.C. – U.S. would intervene, with
force if necessary, in L.A. nations to
prevent European interventions.
Global Economy
 Growth in international trade at the turn of the century
contributed to a “global economy.”
 What’s another word for this?
 Globalization
Review
 Go back and find the 6 bolded AND italicized words on your
worksheet and write a 12-word definition for each.
 They look like this: Bolded AND Italicized