Cardiovascular
System
Cardiovascular System
Cardi/o = ___ + vascul/ = ___ + -ar = ___
Abbreviation: CV = cardiovascular
Structures of the CV system
Major structures of the CV system
are the heart, blood vessels, and
blood.
The Heart
(first major structure of CV system)
http://www.ohioheartandvascular.com/site/nucleus/si55551261.php
Pericardium – double walled sac that
surrounds the heart
Peri = _____ + cardi = _____ + -ium = _____
Pericardial fluid between heart layers prevents
friction during the heart beat.
Three layers make up the walls of
the heart:
Epicardium – (epi = ____) outermost layer of the
heart wall
Myocardium – (myo = _____) middle layer of
heart wall, thickest layer, contains heart muscle
Endocardium – (endo = _____) innermost layer
of the heart wall; See figure 5.3, p. 84
Facts: The coronary arteries & veins provide
oxygen rich blood to the myocardium. If blood
supply is disrupted, the myocardium in that area
will die.
Heart Chambers
Atria – the two upper chambers of the heart.
Receiving chambers for blood coming to the
heart.
Interatrial septum – separates the two atria from
each other.
Ventricles – the two lower chambers of the heart.
All blood vessels leaving the heart begin in the
ventricles.
Interventricular septum – separates
the two ventricles from each other
Apex – lower tip of the heart
http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/CRM/heart/hear
t_chambers.html
Heart Valves
Valves are important to control the flow of blood
from one chamber of the heart to another.
Tricuspid valve – opening between right atria and
right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve – opening between
right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (also called bicuspid) – opening
between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve – located between left
ventricle and aorta
http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/CR
M/heart/heart_valves.html
Order of Blood Flow
Superior and Inferior vena cavae
Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
to the body
Superior and Inferior vena cavae
Repeat the process
Blood Flow Activity
http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/C
RM/heart/heart_bloodflow.html
Cool Trivia: this is the only place where an
artery will carry oxygen poor (deoxygenated)
blood and a vein will carry oxygen rich
(oxygenated) blood in the body.