Building Blocks for Open Science:
Opportunities for Library Engagement at
EU Level
Susan Reilly
@skreilly
Executive Director
Ljubljana, October 2015
I’ll be talking about…
• LIBER & Open Science
• Open Science in the EU
• Definition of Open Science
• Building blocks of Open Science
• What can libraries do to support Open Science?
LIBER: reinventing the library of the future
• Largest network of European research libraries: 410 in over 40
countries
Mission:
“To provide an information infrastructure to enable
research in LIBER institutions to be world class”
LIBER: Information Infrastructure for World Class
Research?
• Collaborative
• Growth in collaboration from 13% (2003)- 17% (2011)
• International
• 40% of French & German research outputs a result of international
collaboration
• Rate of citation grows as geographic extent of collaboration
increases
• Interdisciplinary
• Foundation of frontiers research
• Data intensive
• supports interdisciplinary exploration
• … and open
Higgs boson
2012 Journal
Physics B
paper: 6235
citations
Libraries enabling Open Science
“We believe that the move towards openness will lead to
increased transparency, better quality research, a higher
level of citizen engagement, and will accelerate the pace of
scientific discovery through the facilitation of data-driven
innovation.”
http://libereurope.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2014/09/LIBER_Statement-on-openscience-final.pdf
European Commission
Council of Europe
• Launch of Open
Science Cloud
• H2020 Open Data
Pilot
• Development of open
science agenda
• Importance of skills,
infra
Open Science Definition
“The conduction of science in a way that
others can collaborate and contribute, where
research data, lab notes and other research
processes are freely available, with terms that
allow reuse, redistribution and reproduction of
the research”
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
The problem with defining Open Science
• Means is often confused with the end
• Ultimate goal is to be a transient term i.e.
Open Science = Science
• Aims to bring coherence and vision to a range
Science
of different Open
open activities
e.g. open access,
= Diversity
open data, open
software
• Key is changing practice and culture, which is
different for every stakeholder
Open Science Goals
• Transparency in experimental methodology, observation,
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and collection of data
Public availability and reusability of scientific data
Public accessibility and transparency of scientific
communication
Citizen engagement*
Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaboration
Dan Gezelter, http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269
*EU
Move away from a 300 year old model!
Work.
Finish.
Publish!
(Faraday)
To an Open Science Landscape
Collaboration
Open infrastructure
New forms of peer review
Research data management
Open access publishing
Policy
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
Alternative Metrics
Open data
Open science
Advocacy & training
Coyright & licencing
Open educational resources
Building block: open access
“We write to
communicate an
untenable situation
facing the Harvard
Library. Many large
journal publishers have
made the scholarly
communication
environment fiscally
unsustainable and
academically
restrictive. ” Harvard
University Library,
2012
Moved beyond the tipping point: http://www.sciencemetrix.com/pdf/SM_EC_OA_Availability_20042011.pdf
OpenAire2020 Post FP7 Gold Open Access Pilot
EUR 4m funding provided by the EC to support Open Access publications
from post-grant FP7 projects finished no longer than 2 years ago.
Guidelines develop after consultation:
Maximum of three publications per project to be funded (research
articles, monographs, book chapters, contributions to conference
proceedings) which meet the requirements described in the Pilot policy
guidelines.
No publications in hybrid journals will be funded, only in fully Open
Access titles. A €2,000 funding cap is in place.
Pilot (soft) launched beginning of May 2015.
,https://goldoa-pilot.openaire.eu/
Building block: open data
• Need to release the value of data
• Benefits:
• Jobs (Copernicus= 50000 jobs)
• Research productivity (big bang)
• Help communities (flood hack)
• Cost of not sharing (bird flu)
1.7 million billion
bytes of date
every minute
X 34
Data must be..
• Open by default (G8,LERU)
• Usable by all
• Available
• Findable
• Interpretable
• Citable
• Curated/preserved
The Data
Publication Pyramid Publications
with
data
(2) Further data
explanations in
any kind of
supplementary
files to articles
(4) Data
publications,
describing
available
datasets
Processed Data
and
Data
Representations
Data Collections and
Structured Databases
Raw Data and Data Sets
(1) Data
contained and
explained within
the article
(3) Data
referenced from
the article and
held in data
centers and
repositories
(5) Data in
drawers and on
disks at the
institute
Building block: advocacy…
• Advocate for roadmaps and policies that promote open
science at institutional and national level
• Advocate for changes in practice e.g. data citation, use
of cc licences
and incentives
• Need to change system of incentives and assessment
• Move away from journal based metrics
• Consider value and impact of ALL research outputs (data,
software…)
• Align assessment with institutional values
• Only a change of system of incentives will truly change
practice and culture
Building block: infrastructure
• International
• Open
• Interoperable
• Cross disciplinary
• Facilitate collaboration
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Store & Share
Sync & Exchange
Replicate
Compute
Find
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Content
TDM tools
Workflows
Standards
Interoperability
Building block: skills and
training
ReCODE Recommendation 10: Support the transition to open
research data through curriculum-development and
training.The transition to an open science paradigm where
research data plays a significant role requires training and
education for researchers and for data managers who support
open science. Courses for getting researchers and data
managers up-to date with current relevant issues are
necessary, as well as the development of curricula that
contribute towards the development of data science and
information management as distinct and legitimate career
paths.
•Need to embed training in post graduate education
•Invest in the development of the data professional
•Training provision as and when needed (importance of train the
trainer)
•Training and support for new tools and methods
Building block: policy and legislation
• Legal clarity
• Interoperabilty (WIPO solution?)
• Ensure researchers have right to secondary
publication
• Standard open access licences
• CC-by and CC0/PD
Copyright v TDM
• Because it involves the copying of content in
order to convert into machine readable format
TDM may infringe copyright
• European Database Directive
prohibits copying of substantial
parts of databases
• In US TDM is covered
by fair use, other parts of the
world have a specific exception
e.g. Japan, UK
https://www.flickr.com/photos/apelad/304195427/
Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age
• Ultimate goal of text and data mining is to
extract high level knowledge from low level data
• Allows analysis across disciplines
• “Undiscovered public knowledge” (Swanson)
• Identifies patterns in the data to produce new
knowledge
• It’s not a new thing, it’s just digital information
makes it a whole lot more powerful and
relevant!
Elsevier TDM Policy
• Access through API only
• Text only- no images, tables
• Research must register details
• Click-through licence
• Terms can change any time
• Reproducibility of results
Key Principles
• Copyright not intended to govern access to facts,
ideas and data, nor should it
• Need to move beyond the tipping point of open
access
• Protect academic freedom (no monitoring)
• Human rights not to be undermined by contract
• Evolution of ethics (standards and legislation)
• No artificial restrictions on innovation
Libraries enabling Open Science
• Support Open Access
• Deposit XML in OpenAire compliant repositories
• Explore new business models- try publishing!
• Be transparent!
• Advise on use of licences
• https://www.openaire.eu/postgrantoapilot
Libraries enabling Open Science
• Get started in research data management
• Research data management plans
• Partner with data centres (back-office/front-office model)
• Curate long tail data
Libraries’ Opportunities
Data Issue:
Libraries and data centres opportunities (Chapter 4):
Availability
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Lower barriers to researchers to make their data available.
Integrate data sets into retrieval services.
Findability
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Support of persistent identifiers.
Engage in developing common metadescription schemas and common citation practices.
Promote use of common standards and tools among researchers
Interpretability
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Support crosslinks between publications and datasets.
Provide and help researchers understand metadescriptions of datasets.
Establish and maintain knowledge base about data and their context.
Re-usability
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Curate and preserve datasets.
Archive software needed for re-analysis of data.
Be transparent about conditions under which data sets can be re-used (expert knowledge needed, software needed).
Citability
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Engage in establishing uniform data citation standards.
Support and promote persistent identifiers.
Curation/Preservation
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Transparency about curation of submitted data.
Promote good data management practice.
Collaborate with data creators
Instruct researchers on discipline specific best practices in data creation (preservation formats, documentation of
experiment,…)
Libraries enabling Open Science
• Provide training and develop the workforce
• Best practice in research data managment
• Guidance on copyright & licences
• Training on tools
Developing our own workforce!
Advocate & engage
• Within institutions to develop policies and roadmaps
• Towards researchers to highlight benefits of open science
• With other stakeholders at insitutional level and internationally
• Gather and provide evidence for the need for changes in
legislation and policy
• Promote and engage with citizens
• Unite!
• Sign the Hague Declaration!
Be the local interface: space and
experimentation
• The Hague Declaration: http://thehaguedeclaration.com/the•
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hague-declaration-on-knowledge-discovery-in-the-digital-age/
LERU Roadmap for Research Data
http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/news/press-release-leruroadmap-for-research-data/
EUDAT http://eudat.eu/
Research Data Alliance https://rd-alliance.org/
LIBER 10 Recommendation on Getting Started in RDM
http://libereurope.eu/wpcontent/uploads/The%20research%20data%20group%202012%20v7%2
0final.pdf
OpenAire https://www.openaire.eu/
San Francisco Declaration
http://www.ascb.org/dora-old/files/SFDeclarationFINAL.pdf