Roman Expansion, 396 to 146 BC
1. Rome leaves the Seven Hills, 396-310 BC
a. First expanded eastward…
b. Romans then expanded northward =>
c. Genius of the Romans
i. Rather than enslaving conquered populations…
ii. Their allies gave them ___________________ and _____________________ to help Rome
fight and conquer more!
d. Romans also established . . .
2. Roman control of all of Italy
a. By 310 BC, Rome controlled all of Italy except the heel =>
i. By 290 BC, however . . .
ii. Brought on war with . . .
b. Consolidation of Southern Italy, 280-271 BC
i. Five year war with _______________, a Greek King
ii. Greeks used …
iii. Although Romans lost the battles, but won the war =>
3. Punic Wars (264-202 BC)
a. Background to Punic Wars
i. By 265 BC, Rome controlled _________________
ii. Brought them into conflict with ______________________
1. Colony of ________________________
2. They dominated . . .
iii. Series of wars fought for …
iv. Defined the Romans, like the Persian Wars defined the Greeks
1. Persian Wars led to …
2. Punic Wars led to …
b. First Punic War (264-241 BC)
i. Cause
1. Sicily was divided between…
2. Carthage invaded Greek side and …
3. Inevitable conflict? =>
ii. Romans won land battles but…
iii. Developed _____________
iv. Tactics =>
v. Outcome of First Punic War
1. Romans lost . . .
2. Carthage suffered …
a. Forced off _____________________
b. Forced to pay reparations =>
c. Forced to free . . .
c. The Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
i. Causes of the Second Punic War
1. Continued …
2. Rome expanded north of Italy =>
3. Carthage expanded its holdings in ______________
4. Alarmed, a Greek city state in Spain . . .
ii. Carthaginians on a rampage
1. Hannibal =>
a. Defeated Romans in ____________
b. Invaded Italy through Alps =>
2. For ten years, he …
3. But he can’t take ___________! =>
4. Rome …
5. Finally, Hannibal retreats to Carthage =>
iii. Outcome of Second Punic War
1. Carthage forced to give up . . .
2. Numidia (African kingdom) became …
3. Rome invaded ____________________ in retaliation for ...
4. Carthage forced to pay . . .
5. Carthage agreed never to wage war …
d. Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
i. Cause of Third Punic War
1. Over time, Carthage recovered from war =>
2. Roman Senator Cato ended every speech . . .
3. Rome ordered Carthage to . . .
4. Rome then ordered Carthage to . . .
5. Rome provoked the war to ____________________ Carthage
ii. 146 BC – Carthage is besieged
1. Citizens fight …
2. Romans conquer city
a. Destroy city =>
b. Enslave . . .
c. Sow salt in ground =>
d. Make north Africa a _____________________
e. Legacy of Punic Wars
i. Rome was …
ii. Maintained overseas possessions in Spain . . .