“Pavement
markings can enhance safety since centerlines
have been shown to cut crash frequency by
roads without them”
29% compared to
Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin • No. 9
Limitations:
1. Obliterated by snow
2. Not clearly visible when wet
3. Not very durable under heavy traffic
4. Need refreshment every year or more
Advantages:
1. conveying information to drivers without
diverting their attention from the road.
2. Inexpensive
Markings that must be visible at night shall be
retroreflective
In any case, all markings on Interstate
highways shall be retroreflective.
Markings must be clear
White
Yellow
Red:
Raised pavement markings
Blue
Purple :
For toll plaza
Yellow Center Line Pavement Markings Warrants
It used to delineate the separation of traffic lanes
that have opposite directions of travel on a
roadway
Yellow center Line could be:
 A normal broken yellow
line … crossing the
center line markings is
permitted.
 A broken line is formed
of segments and gaps,
usually in the ratio of
1:3.
Yellow center Line could be:
One-direction no-passing zone … crossing the
center line markings for passing with care is
permitted for the traffic traveling adjacent to the
broken line, but is prohibited for traffic traveling
adjacent to the solid
Yellow center Line could be:
Two-direction no-passing zone…
crossing the center line markings
for passing is prohibited for traffic
traveling in either directions.
 Yellow center Line should be placed in:
 Urban arterials and collectors that is:
 20 feet or more in width and
 ADT of 6,000 vehicles per day or greater.
 All rural arterials and collectors that is:
 18 feet or more in width and
 ADT of 3,000 vehicles per day or greater.
 All two-way streets or highways that have
three or more lanes.
Other Yellow Line Type:
 If reversible lanes :consist of a normal broken
double yellow line to delineate the edge of a
lane in which the direction of travel is reversed
from time to time.
White normal broken line
Used on all roadways that are
intended to operate with two or
more adjacent traffic lanes in the
same direction of travel
White dotted line
Used to separate a through lane that is :
1. A deceleration or acceleration lane.
2. A through lane that becomes a mandatory
exit or turn lane.
They have noticeably shorter segments: for
example, a 2’ line and a 2’ to 6’ gap.
 Dotted
Deceleration
A. Parallel
B. Tapered
 Dotted
deceleration
C. Parallel with
multilane
 Dotted
Acceleration
A. Parallel
B. Tapered
 Dotted
Acceleration
C. Tapered
 Wide dotted white lane line
 It is used:
1. As a lane drop marking in advance of lane
drops at exit ramps to distinguish a lane
drop from a normal exit ramp.
 Lane drop
as a single
lane exit
ramp
 Lane drop
as a Multilane exit
ramp
 Two-Lane
drop at an
exit ramp
 Wide dotted white lane line
 It is used:
2. In advance of freeway route splits with
dedicated lanes
 Rout split
with
dedicated
lanes
 Wide dotted white lane line
 It is used:
3. To separate a through lane that continues
beyond an interchange from an adjacent.
Or An Auxiliary lane between an entrance ramp
and an exit ramp
 Cloverleaf
interchange
 Wide dotted white lane line
 It is used:
4. As a lane drop marking in advance of lane
drops at intersections to distinguish a lane
drop from an intersection through lane
 Lane drop at
intersection
 Wide dotted white lane line
 It is used:
5. To separate a through lane that continues
beyond an intersection from an adjacent
auxiliary lane between two intersections
 Auxiliary lane
between
intersections
 Wide dotted white lane line
 It may be used:
6. Through intersections. Where greater
restriction is required, solid lane lines or
channelizing lines should be extended into
or continued through intersections or major
driveways.
Lane-Reduction Transition Markings
 Used to guide traffic through transition areas
where the number of through lanes is
reduced
 Approach Markings for Obstructions
 Used to guide traffic away from fixed
obstructions within a paved roadway.
A. Center of
two-Lane
Road
B. Center of a
four road
C. Through the
same direction
lane
Because of the low approach angle at which
pavement markings are viewed, transverse lines
should be proportioned to provide visibility at least
equal to that of longitudinal lines.
Yield Lines
Used to indicate the
point behind which
vehicles are required
to yield in compliance
with a traffic control
signal, as a YIELD sign.
Cross Walking style
Staggered stop lines and staggered yield
lines provide better sight distance for
turning vehicles
Cross Walking in One-Way Road
Parking Space Markings
In general, Parking space markings shall be white
but Blue lines may supplement white parking
space markings of each parking space designated
for use only by persons with disabilities.
Disabilities Parking
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
Are used for the purpose of guiding, warning,
or regulating traffic.
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
A. Regulatory:
STOP
YIELD
(LEFT) TURN
25 MPH
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
B. Warning:
STOP AHEAD
YIELD AHEAD
Lane-reduction arrows
C. Guide:
Route numbers
Cardinal directions
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings
Pavement Word, Symbol, and Arrow Markings