Introduction
The organs:
- Paired of Ovaries (Gonads).
- paired of Uterine tube (oviduct).
- Uterus (metrium) .
- Vagina.
-Vestibule and Vulva.
*Reproductive track is surrounding by The Peritoneum
which form the Broad Ligament.
Broad Ligament
Double fold of Peritoneum link and support the ovaries , uterine tubes
and uterus .
Transmits the blood vessel and nerves .
Position : extend from the dorsolateral body wall to ovaries , uterine
tubes and uterine body .
Regions :
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Mesovrium : is the portion of broad ligament which support the
ovary .
Mesosalpinx : is the portion of broad ligament which support the
uterine tube (salpinx) .
Mesometrium : the area of broad ligament which support Uterine
horns and Uterine body (largest portion ) .
Ovarian Bursa :Pouch between Mesosalpinx and Mesovrium
Ovary
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Position: lies near the dorsal body wall and most caudal part in
abdominal cavity and close to pelvic inlet .
Shape: ovoid form .
Attachment:
1. Suspensory Ligament : extend between cranial pole of each ovary
and dorsal body wall to the region just caudal to last rib .
2. Proper Ligament of Ovary : extend between ovary and tip of Uterine
horn . And continues cranially with Suspensory Ligament of Ovary and
caudally with Round Ligament of Uterus .
3. Mesovarium .
Ovarian tube (salpinx)
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Fallopian tube , Oviduct.
Fine tubular structure extending from the Ovary to Uterine
horn.
Each uterine tube originated on the medial surface of the Ovary
, passes cranially and then turn around the cranial ovarian pole
to course caudally along the lateral ovarian surface to gain the
tip of Uterine horn.
Surrounding by Mesosalpinx .
Consist of tree main parts:
1. Infundibulum. 2. Ampulla. 3.Isthmus.
Ovarian tube
1. Infundibulum:
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The free cranial extremity
takes the form of a thinwalled funnel place close to
cranial pole of ovary.
The free edge of funnel is
ragged by Fimbria finger like
projection to collect the egg’s
at ovulation.
Ovarian tube
2. Ampulla:
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Middle part .
has large diameter compared to isthmus.
Where the Fertilization process occurs .
3. Isthmus:
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the part closet to Uterine Horn and connected to it.
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Thicker than the Ampulla.
Ovarian tube
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Tow Junction :
1. Ampullary-isthemaic Junction :
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between the Ampulla's and the Isthmus.
2. Uterotubal Junction : (salpinogouterine)
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between the Ampulla's and the Uterine Horn.
is Gradual in Ruminant and Pigs .
Ovarian tube
Uterus
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Enlarged part of the tract in which embryos come to rest
Divided in to 3 parts:
1. Uterine Horn :
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80-90% length of uterus in Ruminant.
The junction between 2 horns make uterine body.
Disposition also varies (in Ruminant) .
2. Uterine body :
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small in ruminant.
Area common to both sides of female tract.
3. Cervix .
Uterus
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Uterine caruncles : The attachment sites of fetal
membrane in the pregnant state found in Uterine horn .
where the tow horns diverge , the superficial tissue
bridge the space between them , forming dorsal and
ventral Intercornual Ligaments.
Round ligament of the Uterus: a cord of fibrous
and smooth m. passes from the tip of uterine horn to the
Inguinal Canal .
Uterus
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Bicornuate uterus :
1.this type in Ruminant.
2. have long Uterine
horns and small Uterine
Body.
Cervix
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Portio Vaginalis.
Lies within the pelvic cavity interposed between the
Rectum and the Bladder , but the Uterine horn and
uterine body lies within abdominal cavity .
Very thick-walled segment
Thickened partition at the junction between the
Uterine body and Vagina .
Hold the Uterus closed all the time (other than during
the estrus and parturition).
Cervix
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The lumen of cervix closed by the
interlocking of irregular surface projection
(Annular rings).
Annular rings
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cow: 3-4 rings .
doe: 5 rings .
ewe: 6-7 rings .
Fornix: blind sac formed by cervix
protruding into vagina.
Cervix
Vagina
Divided in 2 part :
1. Anterior Vagina : cranial part, run from the Cervix to the
Urethral orifice.
2.Vestibule (posterior Vagina) : caudal part, run from
Urethral orifice to the external Vulva .
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Vagina (Anterior Vagina)
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Long , thin walled tube .
It occupies a median position within the pelvic cavity,
related to the Rectum dorsally and the Bladder & the
Urethra ventrally.
Retroperitoneal.
The intrusion of the cervix into the cranial part of the
vagina reduces the lumen of this part to ring like
space known as the Fronix.
The junction of Vagina and Vestibule is supposedly
marked in virgin animals by transverse mucosal fold
called “ HYMEN”
Vestibule and Vulva
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External Genitalia of Female.
I. Vestibule
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Run from Urethral orifice to the external Vulva .
The wall less elastic than those in the Vagina .
The Urethra orifice associated with blind pocket a
Suburethral diverticulum (in Ruminant)
Vestibular wall are marked by the entrance of the
ducts of Vestibular Glands (in Ruminant).
region common to reproductive & urinary systems.
Vestibule and Vulva
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Vestibular Glands : (Bartholin's gland)
1. In cow : a large glandular mass to each side drains
by a singular duct .
2. In ewe : both minor and major Vestibular glands are
present .
3. These glands produce a mucous secretion that
lubricates the Vestibule .
Vestibule and Vulva
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The vestibule wall is exceptionally well
vascularized with concentration of veins
forming a lateral patch of erectile tissue know
as “ Vestibular bulb “ and regardeds the
homologue of the penis.
Vestibule and Vulva
II. Vulva:
The vertical vulva opening is bounded by Labia that
meet at dorsal and ventral commissures.
1. Dorsal commissure : is rounded .
2. Ventral commissure : pointed and raised above the
level of surrounding skin .
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Vestibule and Vulva
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The Labia : tow Labia
1. Labia minora:
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Inner folds , Small in ruminant .
2. Labia majora:
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Outer folds , Externally visible .
Vestibule and Vulva
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The Clitoris :
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Homologous to penis.
Lies within the Ventral commissure .
Highly innervated by nerve endings .
Urogenital Diaphragm
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Perineal membrane.
Membrane which close the hiatus between
the rectovaginal septum and the caudal
margin of the pelvic, and the strong fascia of
diaphragm arise from the Ischial arch and
bends dorsally around the vestibule and fuse
with it.
Blood Supply
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Arteries:
1. ovarian a. :direct branch of Abdominal Aorta ,
which supply the Ovary, uterine tube, and cranial part
of Uterine Horn.
2. Uterine a. : Aries as indirect branch of the
Internal iliac a. which supply the Uterine Cervix ,Body
, Horns
3. Vaginal a. :
supply the Uterus and Vagina
Blood Supply
4. Internal pudendal a. :
Supply the caudal part of reproductive tract ( clitoris,
Vestibular bulb,
5. External pudendal a. :
Supply the labia
Blood Supply
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Veins :
1. Left Ovarian v. : enter the left renal v.
2. Right Ovarian v. : enter the caudal vena cava.
3. Uterine v.
4. Vaginal v.
 The close relation between the ovarian artery and
ovarian vein provide a means of the countercurrent
transfer of Prostaglandin from veins blood to arterial
blood. (in ruminant and sow)
Lymphatic Drainage
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Efferent lymphatics from the ovary and uterine tubes
drain to the Lumber lymph nodes .
Efferent lymphatics from the uterus enter the
Hypogastric and Lumber lymph nodes .
Efferent lymphatics from the vulva and the clitoris
enter to the Superficial inguinal lymph nodes .
Innervation
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Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supply
the genital tract.
Innervation to the ovary by Sympathetic nerves
from the aortiocorenal plexuses .
Innervation to the uterine tube by Sympathetic
nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses .
Innervation to the uterus by Sympathetic
innervation arrives via the right and left
Hypogastric n. which extend from the caudal
mesenteric plexus to the pelvic plexus.
Innervation
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Innervation to the uterine tube by Parasympathetic
nerves from the Pelvic plexus .
Innervation to the Uterus by Parasympathetic
nerves arrives more directly from the Pelvic n. of the
Pelvic plexus .
Innervation
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Innervation to the Vulva:
 Autonomic innervation: Both sympathetic
and parasympathetic nerves supply the vulva
(extend from the Pelvic Plexus )
 Somatic innervation : pudendal and
GenitoFemoral nerves provide somatic
sensory innervation to the Labia .
Innervation
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Innervation to the Clitoris :
 the Dorsal nerve of the Clitoris (branch
of pudendal nerve ) provide somatic
sensory innervation .