Emotional Disorders
Signs of mental health problems:
• Sadness over specific
event for no reason
• Hopelessness
• Violent or erratic mood
swings
• Inability to concentrate
or make decisions
• Fear and anger at the
world
• Trouble getting along
with others
• Severe sleep
disturbances
• compulsive selfdestructive behavior
• Frequent physical
ailments
Emotionally healthy vs.
emotionally unhealthy
See chart on page 109
Emotional problems describe patterns of thinking
and behavior that cause a person significant
emotional pain or prevent normal functioning.
Emotional problems affect any one or more of
three important areas:
1. social or family relations
2. performance of tasks (including schoolwork)
3. leisure time activities
• Emotional problems can run in families:
learned, inherited, or both
• Emotional problems can be caused by
brain damage from drugs, injuries, and
diseases. (syphilis)
• Emotional problems can be caused by
unbalance brain chemistry.
• Environmental factors can aggravate
emotional problems: pressure from society
Two types of mental disorders:
1- ORGANIC DISORDER: When a disorder is
caused by a physical illness or injury that
affects the brain.
ex: brain tumors, alcoholism,
infections: syphilis, meningitis, stroke
2- FUNCTIONAL DISORDER: occurs as a result
of psychological causes in which no brain
damage is involved.
Functional disorders result from
conditions such as:
»Stress
»Emotional conflict
»Fear
»Poor coping skills
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Group #1
Disorders in which real or imagined fears
prevent a person from enjoying life
1.
2.
3.
4.
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive
General Anxiety
Post-traumatic Stress
PHOBIAS
• When a person goes
to extreme measures
to avoid a fear and
reacts in a way that
limits normal
functioning
( lady with bugs, snake, bird, roach)
Phobias that start
with the letter
“A”!!!!!!
•
Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or
bathing.
Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of
the insects that cause itching.
Acerophobia- Fear of sourness.
Achluophobia- Fear of darkness.
Acousticophobia- Fear of noise.
Acrophobia- Fear of heights.
Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air
swallowing, or airbourne noxious
substances.
Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open
high places.
Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting
secondary to airsickness.
Agateophobia- Fear of insanity.
Agliophobia- Fear of pain.
Agoraphobia- Fear of open
spaces or of being in crowded,
public places like markets. Fear of
leaving a safe place.
Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse.
Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild
animals.
Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or
crossing the street.
Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or
pointed objects.
•
Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia.
(muscular incoordination)
Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or
untidiness.
Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection.
Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins.
Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being
forgotton or ignored or forgetting.
Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic
explosions.
Atychiphobia- Fear of failure.
Aulophobia- Fear of flutes.
Aurophobia- Fear of gold.
Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern
lights.
Autodysomophobia- Fear of one
that has a vile odor.
Automatonophobia- Fear of
ventriloquist's dummies,
animatronics creatures, wax
statues - anything that falsly
represents a sentient being.
Automysophobia- Fear of being
dirty.
Autophobia- Fear of being alone
or of oneself.
Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear
of flying.
•
Ailurophobia- Fear of cats.
Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney
disease.
Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.
Algophobia- Fear of pain.
Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic.
Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions.
Altophobia- Fear of heights.
Amathophobia- Fear of dust.
Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a
car.
Ambulophobia- Fear of walking.
Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia.
Amychophobia- Fear of scratches
or being scratched.
Anablephobia- Fear of looking up.
Ancraophobia- Fear of wind.
(Anemophobia)
Androphobia- Fear of men.
Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or
wind.(Ancraophobia)
Anginophobia- Fear of angina,
choking or narrowness.
Anglophobia- Fear of England or
English culture, etc.
Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of
becoming angry.
Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility
of a joint.
Anthrophobia or AnthophobiaFear of flowers.
•
Anthropophobia- Fear of people or
society.
Antlophobia- Fear of floods.
Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying
single.
Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity.
Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of
being touched. (Haphephobia)
Apiphobia- Fear of bees.
Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons
with amputations.
Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of
peanut butter sticking to the roof
of the mouth.
Arachnephobia or ArachnophobiaFear of spiders.
Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers.
Arrhenphobia- Fear of men.
Arsonphobia- Fear of fire.
Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or
weakness.
Astraphobia or AstrapophobiaFear of thunder and
lightning.(Ceraunophobia,
Keraunophobia)
Astrophobia- Fear of stars or
celestial space.
Asymmetriphobia-
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
• A person who has an
unreasonable need to
think and act in a
certain way
Compulsions becomes so repetitive that
the person can not lead a normal life.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
• Obsessive-compulsive
disorder is a mental
disorder with two
components: obsessions,
which consist of thoughts,
impulses, or mental
images; and
compulsions, which are
repetitive behaviors that
the person feels driven to
perform in response to
the obsessions
• Researchers have yet
to pinpoint the exact
cause of obsessivecompulsive disorder
(OCD), but brain
abnormalities, genetic
(family) influences,
and environmental
factors are being
studied.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
The 4 main types of OCD are:
-checking
-counting
-hoarding
-obsessive cleaning
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
ach time Ashley she leaves a classroom, passes the
principal's office or leaves school, she has to imagine the
number 12 on a clock and say the words "good luck" to
herself. She reports that she can't stop thinking about the
words "good luck." If she tries to stop herself from thinking
about these words, she becomes very anxious and worries
that she'll have a heart attack. In the classroom, she is
often frozen in her seat, unable to respond. She worries
that any decision she makes will result in something
dreadful happening to her parents. Before going to sleep,
she closes the bedroom door four times, turns the lights on
and off four times and looks out the window and under her
bed twelve times.
GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER
• The person feels
anxious, fearful, upset
most of the time for
no specific reason
GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER
• Abnormal over-sensitivity to
carbon dioxide to the brain
– Feelings of apprehension
or dead
– Trouble concentrating
– Feeling tense or jumpy
– Anticipating the worst
– Irritability
– Restlessness
– Watching for signs of
danger
– Feeling like your mind has
gone blank
• Anxiety is often triggered by
stress in our lives. Some of us
are more vulnerable to anxiety
than others, but even those
who become anxious easily
can learn to manage it well.
We can also make ourselves
anxious with "negative selftalk" - a habit of always telling
ourselves the worst will
happen.
GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER
• Physical Symptoms:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Pounding heart
Sweating
Stomach or dizziness
Frequent urination or diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Tremors or twitches
Muscle tension
Headaches
Fatigue
Insomnia
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS
DISORDER
• A condition in which a
person who has
experienced a
traumatic event feels
severe and longlasting after effects.
• Ex: Vietnam, rape
• Post traumatic stress can affect people
who have gone through bombings, rape,
floods, fires, torture, child abuse,
kidnapping or hurricanes.
• These events could lead to anxiety
attacks: sudden, extreme, disabling
attack of panic that often comes on for
no apparent reason. Includes dizziness,
rapid heart rate, sweating, extreme
alertness, rapid breathing
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
Group #2
Describes a condition in
which a person
complains of disease
symptoms, but no
physical cause can be
found
“hypochondria”
AFFECTIVE DISORDRES
Group #3
Mood swings which are severe,
from extreme happiness to
extreme sadness, and last for a
long period of time
• Clinical depression
• Manic depression/bipolar
CLINICAL DEPRESSION
When feelings of
sadness or
hopelessness last for
more than a few
weeks and interfere
with daily activities
and interests
• Ten million U.S. citizens suffer from
depression each year.
• 5 of every 100 teenagers suffer its most
severe form.
DEPRESSION can be difficult to diagnose.
Symptoms of depression:
• constant feelings of sadness, irritability, or tension
• decreased interest or pleasure in usual activities or
hobbies
• loss of energy, feeling tired despite lack of activity
• a change in appetite, with significant weight loss or
weight gain
• a change in sleeping patterns, such as difficulty
sleeping, early morning awakening, or sleeping too
much
• restlessness or feeling slowed down
• decreased ability to make decisions or concentrate
• feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt
• thoughts of suicide or death
Lord Byron described his mental state as “a chaos
of the mind.”
Edgar Allen Poe : alcoholic which is common in
bipolar depression. “What made Poe write is what
made Poe drink.”
Robert Schumann: son of a bipolar author, German
composer who wrote 130 songs in one year. He died
in an asylum.
Vincent Van Gogh: he once wrote
of his illness, “the weakness
increase from each generation.”
Virginia Woolf: She filled her pockets with
stones and drowned herself. “I have a feeling
I shall go mad,” she wrote. “I can not go on
longer…”
Ernest Hemingway: Born into a family plagued
by suicide, the writer-haunted by manic
enthusiasms and depressions-shot himself.
Curt Cobain: Seattle grunge rocker took his band
Nirvana to the top with Nevermind (one song:
Lithium) but took his life at 27.
True story of depression:
When I realized that something was wrong with me I just wasn’t
motivated to even get out of bed and face the world and nothing in
particular was bothering me, I just didn’t feel like dealing with
anything. I think that was the biggest, the hardest part for me, was
actually getting motivated, getting up, to even seek help to get up
and go to therapy, or get up to go to the doctor to see what was
going on.
-Kareema
“Oh, the things with depression that bother me the most are feeling
like you’re encased in cement, where you just can’t drag your body
out of bed, where the simplest of tasks is just daunting and you
have to force yourself to re-focus and to pick yourself up and to take
that shower, get to the grocery store, get the kids off to school, get
to the office, get through your day.”
-Bonnie
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
• When a person's moods
shift dramatically form
one emotional extreme
to another for no
apparent reason
• Bipolar depression
• 2.3 million women and
men suffer from bipolar
depression in the
United States.
• Does not include kids
under 18 years of age.
IS YOUR CHILD BIPOLAR?
(a check list)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Is excessively distressed when
separated from family
Exhibits excessive anxiety ro
worry
Has difficulty arising in the a.m.
Is hyperactive and excitable in the
p.m.
Sleeps fitfully or has difficulty
getting to sleep
Has night terrors and wakes in the
middle of the night
Is unable to concentrate at school
Has poor handwriting
Has difficulty organizing tasks
Has difficultly making transitions
Has many ideas at once
Is very intuitive and very creative
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Is easily distracted by extraneous
stimuli
Has periods of excessive, rapid
speech
Is willful and refuse to be
subordinate
Displays periods of hyperactivity
Displays abrupt, rapid mood
swings
Has irritable moods states
Has elated or silly, giddy mood
states
Has exaggerated ideas about self
or abilities
Exhibits inappropriate sexual
behavior
Feels easily rejected
Has periods of low energy
Has periods of self-doubt, poor
self esteem
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
These
disorders
have no
apparent
distinct signs
or symptoms!
ANTISOCIAL
PERSONALITY DISORDER
• Characterized by a
person’s constant
conflict with
society• The person my
display behavior
that is cruel,
uncaring,
irresponsible, and
impulsive
PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE
PERSONALITY DISORDER
• These people are
often
uncooperative with
others
• They resent being
told what to do
• They show their
anger indirectly
SCHIZOPHRENIA
• A mental disorder meaning “split mind”
• This disorder affects 1-2% percent of the
population
• Appearing most in people between the ages
of 15 and 35.
A person with schizophrenia lose the
ability to distinguish fantasy from reality,
and become less and less able to
function.
Brain imaging shows signs of brain tissue
shrinkage in those suffering from
schizophrenia. Fluid-filled spaces exist in
some areas where working brain tissue is
normally found.
Schizophrenia is "a largely genetic illness,
one that seems to be clustered within
families. It seems to be more
neurodevelopmental, influenced by how
the brain develops. It usually appears in
late teens to young adulthood and is more
common than DID, with 2.2 million
Americans living with the disease
SYMPTOMS
Distortions in thought content (delusions)
Hearing, seeing, tasting, feeling, or smelling things that others do not
experience (hallucinations)
Disorganized speech and behavior
In schizophrenia, words are split from meaning, thought is
split from emotion, perceptions split from reality, and
actions split from motives.
In MPD or DDI there are 2 or more intact personalities.
Multiple Personality Disorder AKA
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple
personality disorder) is an effect of severe trauma during
early childhood, usually extreme, repetitive physical,
sexual, or emotional abuse.
However, dissociative identity disorder is a severe form of
dissociation, a mental process, which produces a lack of
connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings,
actions, or sense of identity.
The dissociative aspect is thought to be a coping
mechanism -- the person literally dissociates himself
from a situation or experience that's too violent,
traumatic, or painful to assimilate with his conscious self.
True Stories of Split
Personalities
• The Three Faces of Eve
A doctor is treating’ Eve
White when he discovers
that her headaches and
occasional blackouts are
actually the result of -- -multiple personalities!
Under hypnosis, a whole
new set of personalities
emerge, such as nice-girl
Jane and wild, fun-loving
Eve Black.
• Eve White is a timid, selfeffacing wife and mother who
has severe and blinding
headaches and occasional
blackouts. Eventually she is
sent to see a personality
psychiatrist Dr. Luther, and
while having a conversation,
her "alter personality", wild,
fun-loving Eve Black, discloses
herself. Eve Black knows
everything about Eve White,
but Eve White is unaware of
Eve Black. With Eve Black on
the loose, Eve White's
husband leaves her and
abandons their daughter,
Bonnie. Eve White is sent to
an asylum after Eve Black tries
to kill Eve White's daughter..
True Stories of Split
Personalities
• The Three Faces of Eve
The doctor eventually prompts
her to remember a traumatic
event in Eve’s childhood. Her
beloved grandmother had died
when she was six, and
according to family custom
relatives were supposed to
kiss the dead person at the
viewing, making it easier for
them to let go. Eve's grief and
terror led to her "splitting off"
into two distinctly different
personalities.
• Under hypnosis at one
session, a third personality
appears, the relatively stable
Jane. After discovering the
cause of her disorder, Jane is
gradually able to remember
everything that has ever
happened to all three
personalities. When Luther
asks to speak with Eve White,
they discover that Eve White
and Eve Black no longer exist.
All three personalities are once
again a single whole. She
marries a man named Earl
whom she met when she was
Jane and reunites with her
daughter Bonnie...
True Stories of Split
Personalities
• Sybil
A girl with 16 different
personalities. It was
based on a true story
about a young woman
whose childhood was so
disturbing she developed
all these vastly different
personas. Here, split
personality is used as a
metaphor for what people
do to survive and the
plight of abused children.
• Shirley Ardell Mason
(January 25, 1923 –
February 26, 1998) was
an American psychiatric
patient and commercial
artist who was reputed to
have multiple personality
disorder, now called
dissociative identity
disorder. Her identy was
kept a secret for 20
years. She died of
cancer at the age of 75.
True Stories of Split
Personalities
• Sybil’s Female
personalities:
•
•
•
Vanessa: Holds Sybil's musical abilities,
plays the piano and helps Sybil pursue a
romantic relationship with Richard. She's a
young girl, possibly 12 years old (that's what
Richard says and Vanessa does not
dispute).
Vicky: 13 year old who speaks French, a
very strong, sophisticated and mature
personality who knows about and has
insight into all the other personalities, though
Sybil does not. (states age when she is
looking in the mirror at her doctor's home)
Peggy: 9 year old who speaks like a little
girl. Holds Sybil's artistic abilities, often
appears while crying hysterically due to
Sybil's fears. She has many misconceptions;
for instance, she does not know that she is
in New York City and, instead, thinks she is
in the small town that Sybil grew up.
Peggy feels the greatest trauma from her
mom's abuse, often feeling sad/depressed and
unable to find happiness. Her biggest fears
include the green kitchen, purple, Christmas, and
explosions.
Marcia: dresses in funeral attire and constantly
has suicidal thoughts and attempts suicide.
Supposedly tried to kill Sybil in the Harlem
hotel but was stopped from Vicky. She
thinks the end of the world is coming, but
what she really fears is the end of Sybil.
Mary: is Sybil's memory of her grandmother; she
speaks, walks and acts like a grandmother,
and is anxious to meet Sybil's grandmother.
True Stories of Split
Personalities
• Sybil’s Female
personalities:
•
Nancy: who kept waiting for the end of the
world and was afraid of Armageddon. She's
a product of Sybil's dad's religious
fanaticism.
•
Ruthie: is one of Sybil's less developed
selves, a baby in fact. When Sybil hears her
mom's voice, she is so terrified that she
regresses into Ruthie, an alter that parallels
Sybil as a helpless, regressive, pre-verbal
baby.
•
Clara: Around 8–9 years old. No info given.
•
Ellen: Around 13–14 years old. No info
•
given.
Margie: Around 10–11 years old. No info
given.
•
Sybil Ann: Around 5–6 years old. Very shy.
Male Personalities
•
Mike: built the shelf in the top of Sybil's
closet to hide Vickie's paintings, which she
does at night. He and Sid want to know if
they can still give a baby to a girl like daddy
did even though they are in Sybil's (a
female's) body. He's around 9–10 years old.
•
Sid: wants to be just like his father, loves
football. He's around 7–8 years old
.
True Stories of Split
Personalities
TYPES OF THERAPY
• Therapy: any activity that has healingpromoting effect
• Counselor: a helping person
• Psychiatrist: MD who after completing
medical school receives specialized
training and is licensed to prescribe drugs.
• Psychoanalyst: a psychiatrist who
specializes in seeking the root causes
• Psychologist: graduate degree in
psychology.
• Social worker: person with a graduate
degree in social work includes training in
counseling
• Drug therapy: Prozac, lithium
• Codependent: “helper" that allows the
troubled person to avoid facing problems.
• Enabling: misguided attempt to help,
supports the continuation of the
inappropriate behavior