Latitude and Longitude
How do we find places on maps?
Latitude
What is Latitude?
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Lines of Latitude run horizontally
Latitude is measured in degrees.
The Equator is 0 degrees Latitude.
Lines of Latitude locate places North or
South of the Equator.
• The North Pole is 90 degrees N Latitude, and
the South Pole is 90 degrees S Latitude.
Longitude
What is longitude?
• Lines of Longitude run vertically.
• They are also called Meridians.
• The Prime Meridian is found in Greenwich,
England.
• The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees Longitude.
• Lines of Longitude locate places East or West
of the Prime Meridian.
• There are 180 degrees of east Longitude, and
180 degrees of west Longitude.
On the map horizontal lines
are lines of latitude and....
vertical lines are lines of
longitude.
The horizontal line is the
equator
Equator
and the vertical line which runs
through Greenwich, England
is the Prime Meridian.
Prime Meridian
Any location north of the equator is a NORTH LATITUDE
Any location south of the equator is a SOUTH LATITUDE
Any location west of the prime meridian is a WEST LONGITUDE
Any location east of the prime meridian is an EAST LONGITUDE
We can divide the Earth into quadrants: NE where all
latitudes are NORTH and all longitudes are EAST.
We can divide the Earth into quadrants: SE where all
latitudes are SOUTH and all longitudes are EAST.
We can divide the Earth into quadrants: SW where all
latitudes are SOUTH and all longitudes are WEST.
We can divide the Earth into quadrants: NW where all
latitudes are NORTH and all longitudes are WEST.
Notice that EVERY point in the United States will have a NORTH
latitude and a WEST longitude since we are in the NW quadrant.
Latitude
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B
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D
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I
J
Longitude
Time Zones
• Time zones are broad strips that measure
15 degrees wide.
• Time zones differ from their neighboring
time zones by 1 hour.
• The continental U.S. has 4 time zones,
Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific.
• In the Spring we shift the clocks 1 hour
ahead. This is called Daylight Saving Time.
• In the Fall we shift the clocks 1 hour back.
Time Zones (cont…)
Local Time and Universal Time
Local Time- is what we use everyday, and
regulates our lives.
Examples of Local Time are: meal time, sleep time, work time,
and school time
Universal Time- is what we use when we
need a time that is agreed upon marking
time world-wide.
An example when Universal Time was used was when a
supernova in 1987 was first seen. Astronomers, and
Astronauts use Universal Time..
Longitude and Time
• The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24
hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
• The world has 24 time zones, each l5°
apart.
**THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME
DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15°
OF LONGITUDE
Time Zones
The International Dateline was
established following the 180th
meridian, where ever we cross it
the date advances 1 day ( if you
are going west), or goes back 1 day
(if you are going east).
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
• EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to
the east
• WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to
the west
Mapping the Earth
• Humans can map just about anything.
• The values can change over time.
• There are 3 types of fields
» Isotherm- temperature
» Isobar-air pressure
» Contour map- show elevation
• Once we measure an area we can
make a map of what we are measuring.
• We then connect the points that have
equal values.
Sample Isoline Map
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Summary
1.What do lines of Latitude and Longitude combine to make?
A grid.
2.Compare and Contrast Latitude and Longitude.
Latitude- horizontal, north- south, parallels
Longitude- vertical, east-west, meridians
3.What is 0 degrees Latitude?
Equator
4.What is 0 degrees Longitude?
Prime Meridian
5.How many time zones do we have in the U.S.A.?
4- Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific
6. Explain the difference between Local Time, and Universal Time.
Local time- used everyday Universal Time- is used for a planetary event, or for astronomy
7. What are equal points of temperature, pressure, and elevation called?
Isotherm –temperature Isobar – pressure Contour – elevation