Skeletal & Muscle Unit
Notes
How many bones
does the human
skeleton contain?
206
Functions of the skeletal
system





Give shape & support
Protect internal organs
Moves muscles
Form blood cells
Store calcium and phosphorous
Bone Cross Section
Periosteum: soft, thin, covers
and protects the bone
Compact Bone: Hard,
outer surface. Can heal
itself when broken
Spongy Bone: Porous,
contains blood vessels,
nerves
Marrow: manufactures
red blood cells
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/fig81.jpg
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/bone.htm
Skeletal System
is divided into
two parts
Axial Skeleton



Skull (protects the
brain).
Ribs ( protect
lungs, and heart).
Spinal column
(houses and
protects the spinal
cord).
Appendicular Skeleton
Legs
 Pelvis
 Arms
 Shoulders

Types of Joints

Immovable



Skull
Pelvis
Movable




Pivot
Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding
http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg
Ball & Socket: Shoulders and
Hips


Allows arms
and hips to
move in any
direction
Can move in a
full 360
degrees
Pivot Joints: First two neck
vertebrae & joint beneath elbow

Moves in a
semicircle
motion by
twisting
against each
other
Hinged: Elbows & Knees



Move like
hinges on a
door
Limited
movement
Can only swing
back and forth
Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists,
Ankles


Slide against
each other in a
gliding motion
Gives your
wrists and
ankles lots of
freedom
Immoveable joints are located
in the:
How many muscles do we have?

639
http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissue
Cardiac.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/
muscle.html
Inside a Muscle
Muscle Fiber
Muscle
Myofibril
Vocabulary
Appendicular

The part of your skeleton made
up of your arms, legs, pelvis
and shoulders.
Axial

Part of your skeleton that
includes skull, ribs, and spinal
column.
Vertebrae

Irregular bones that make up
the spinal column
Cartilage

Smooth tissue that acts as a
buffer between bones.
Ligaments
Tissues that fasten your
bones together
Calcium

The mineral found in bones
Periosteum

The outer covering of bones.
Ball and Socket

These joints are found in hips
and shoulders.
Gliding

These joints are found in
fingers and the spine.
Immoveable

This type of joint is found in the
skull and is fixed.
Pivot

These types of joints are found
in the head and arms.
Voluntary

These muscles can be
controlled consciously
Hinge

These joints are found in
elbows and knees.
Involuntary

These muscles can be
controlled unconsciously
Skeletal

Muscle tissue that is attached to
bones and causes movement.
Smooth

This type of tissue lines the
walls of many organs and are
involuntary.
Cardiac

Muscle tissue found in the
heart.
Tendons

These tough bands of
connective tissue connect bones
to skeletal muscles.
Strain

An injury caused when a muscle
is over stretched.
Cramp

This can be painful and is
sometimes caused by too much
exercise and not warming up
properly.
http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg