LPROT preliminary data
TE/MPE/PE
EN/STI
EN/MME
History
• >8 yr ago. Simulations from N. Tahir and CERN
pointed that a tunneling process happens
when a high-intense high-dense beam
interacts with matter.
• Verena & Rüdiger experiment at SPS.
• Couple of years ago, SPS experiment idea.
• Last year, HiRadMat facility experiment
request.
SPS material test
Zinc, stainless steel, copper and
INCONEL
Verena Kain (2005)
Four intensities [SPS-beam type
@ 450 GeV
1.1x0.6mm sigma]:
11
12
16
17
A=1.3x1012, B=2.6x1012,
C=5.3x1012, D=7.9x1012
The experiment confirms the 5% (2.3e12 p)
equipment
damage level @ 450GeV
3
Cu plates (simulations predicts plate
18th 1st to melt)
Pressure evolution (0.5mm)
Location of HiRadMat
5
Layout of Experimental Area
Vacuum
window
Large
Large
test stand
test
object
1
2
Small
Small
test stands
objects
3
Beam
dump
Beam
BPM
BTV
Focal point
positions
BPKG
2m
• Flexible optics to provide beam radii of s = 0.1 to
2.0 mm at the focal points.
• Focal point longitudinal location continuously variable
between positions 1 and 3.
• Predefined optics for 3 focal points and 6 beam sizes.
6
Experiment
Experiment
• Target assembly done in collaboration with
EN/STI
• Diamond detectors + associated electronics,
designed specifically for this experiment in
collaboration with EG (Erich Griesmayer)
• Strain gauges in collaboration with EN/MME
Installation
Installation
Phase I (22-Jun/6-Jul), Beam summary
• 71 low intensity single bunch shots (2E9-1E10
p+)
• 85 high intensity single bunch shots (1E112E11 p+)
• 8 high intensity multi-bunch shots (1.5E11 p+)
Diamond detector signal
1 bunch low intensity
20dB attenuation
Magenta = first diamond detector (z=40cm)
Green = second diamond detector (z=50cm)
Blue = third diamond detector (z=120cm)
Diamond detector linearity
Detector signal versus beam intensity
Diamond detector linearity
• Diamond detectors have a good linearity for a
wide intensity range.
• Tested different bias voltage across the
detectors and its influence on the signal.
• Other characteristics also understood and in
process of understanding.
Diamond FWHM
Multi-bunch
6 bunches
40 dB attenuation
Intensity=8.47E11p+
Multi-bunch
1.9E11p+ per bunch, 6 bunches.
Multi-bunch
12 bunches
40 dB attenuation
Intensity=8.32E11p+
Multi-bunch
~1.9E11p+ per bunch, 12 bunches.
Multi-bunch
• Offset after second bunch of 50mV. Coming
from electronics.
• No signal pile-up.
• No offset pile-up.
• Diamond signal linear for every bunch.
Photographic paper
Photographic paper
Photographic paper
Photographic paper
Strain Gauges
SEM detectors
SEM detectors
Microphones
Microphones
Microphones
Microphones
Target 3
Single bunch 4.5E10 protons
Beam sound
Conclusion
• We were ready for phase II.
• Refine beam pulse list for phase II
(Tuesday 10-July)
No
226
227
228
# bunches
144
108
144
Intensity
p/bunch
1.50E+11
1.50E+11
1.50E+11
Beam Pulse List
Beam spot [mm]
Bunch
Total
Sigma_x Sigma_y spacing [ns]
2.16E+13
2
2
50
1.62E+13
0.2
0.2
50
2.16E+13
0.2
0.2
50
Pulse length
[us]
target 1
target 2
target 3
Phase II (12-July-2012)
• Target 1: 2mm sigma beam (no tunneling
expected) -> base shot
• Target 3: 0.2mm sigma beam -> tunneling
expected
Simulations
Diamond signal (0.1mm beam sigma)
1.00E-02
9.00E-03
fluence(part/cm2/p+)
8.00E-03
7.00E-03
6.00E-03
300ns
5.00E-03
1500ns
12th
4.00E-03
block
4300ns
6800ns
3.00E-03
5th block
2.00E-03
1.00E-03
4th block
0.00E+00
2.5
17.5
32.5
47.5
62.5
77.5
92.5
107.5
122.5
137.5
152.5
z (cm)
Simulations: different beam size, beam intensity, Nbunches, bunch spacing.
Analysis of the data
1. Analyze and correct the data from the
instrumentation
2. Update simulations with experiment
parameters
3. Visual inspection of the target
4. Compare: simulations / data from
experiment / visual inspection
PRELIMINARY
DATA/INTERPRETATION
FROM
HIRADMAT EXPERIMENT
1. Raw signal
Target 1 144 bunches
Target 3 144 bunches
Microphones
Target 3
Single bunch 4.5E10 protons
Beam sound
Target 3
Single bunch 144 bunches
1.5E11 protons/bunch
Beam sound
Diamond Detectors Background
Au
V
+
+ + + + -
C (diamond)
Au
X+
Diamond 1, target 1,3
Diamond 2, target 1 vs 3
Diamond 3, target 1 vs 3
1.A (target 1 – target 3 signal)
Diamond 1, target 1 – target 3
Diamond 2, target 1 – target 3
Diamond 3, target 1 – target 3
1. B. Correction by amplitude
1. C. Correction by charge
1.D. Proper correction (in
progress)
• For target 1:
1. Calculate the ΔV for each bunch.
2. Ratio between signal bunch(x)/bunch(3)
3. Ration between FWHM bunch(x)/bunch(3)
• For target 3:
1. Calculate the ΔV for each bunch.
2. Look the correction coefficient from calibration in
target 1.
3. Look for the FWHM correction from calibration in
target 1.
3. Update simulations with
experiment parameters (not yet
started)
3. Post-Irradiation Analysis (not
yet started)
•
•
•
•
After 3-4 months of cooling.
Open the target and visually inspect it.
Measure activation profile on the targets
If activation is acceptable, take some samples to a
lab and perform: Xrays or Ultrasounds.
• During this 3-4 months update simulations
(FLUKA-BIG2) with updated beam parameters.
• Compare results with diamond signal and with
updated simulations.
Opening for inspection
Opening for inspection
Opening for inspection
Future
• Continue to experiment and understand
diamond detectors -> new little experiments
• Further analyze experiment data
• Expand the application of diamond detectors
• Possibly prepare more complete/complex
experiments