Chapter 1 Chemistry: Matter
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Classification of Matter
Physical & Chemical Changes/Properties
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Separation Techniques
Solid, Liquids, Gases
Branches of Chemistry
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organic chemistry—the study of carbon-containing compounds
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inorganic chemistry—the study of non-organic substances
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physical chemistry—the study of properties of matter, changes that occur
in matter, and the relationships between matter and energy
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analytical chemistry—the identification of the composition of materials
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biochemistry—the study of the chemistry of living things
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theoretical chemistry—the use of mathematics and computers to design
and predict the properties of new compounds
Properties of Matter
REVIEW….
What is Chemistry?
What is matter?
ALMOST EVERYTHING IS
MATTER EVEN WHAT YOU
CAN’T SEE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Are identifying characteristics of a
substance.
Meaning we can use them to identify a
substance.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Characteristic that can be observed or
measured without changing the
sample’s composition
-Density
-Color
-Odor
-Taste
-Hardness
WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF MY PEN??
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Can be broken into two types
Extensive properties – are dependent
on the amount of substance present.
Intensive properties – are independent
of the amount of substance
OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MY
PEN, WHICH ARE EXTENSIVE AND
WHICH ARE INTENSIVE?
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Ability of a substance to combine with
or change into one or more other
substances
Properties of Matter
Property – a characteristic
Physical properties:
• characteristics that can be
observed or measured
without changing the
identity of the substance.
• Brainstorm a list of physical
properties as a group.
Hint: Think of gasoline!
Chemical properties:
 characteristics of a
substance’s “ability” to
change into a different
substance.
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Brainstorm a list of chemical
properties as a group.
DECIDE WHICH ARE CHEMICAL OR
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties?
Chemical Properties?
OBSERVING PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Depends on conditions of matter.
So, you should always state the
conditions.
Water observations at 23°C versus
120°C or -12°C
Which one floats? Why?
• Density of Water:
1.00 g/mL
• Density of Ice:
0.92 g/mL
Predict the correct “floating order” of the substances as they
would appear in the “Density Column”.
Substance
Density
g/cm3
Copper
Corn oil
Corn syrup
8.8
0.925
1.38
Glycerin
Mercury
Plastic
Rubber
Tar
Water
Wood
1.26
13.6
0.93
1.34
1.02
1.00
0.7
Is the bar really gold or fool’s gold?
Find the density of the bar if the mass is
1891.4 g and the dimensions are 3.5 cm by
3.5 cm by 8.0 cm.
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Gold has a density of 19.3
g/cm3
V=LxWxH
D = m/v
1891.4 g / 98 cm3
= 19.3 g/cm3 Yes it’s gold!
m
d
v
Is the “Silver Surfer” really made of silver? We
obtained a sample with a mass of 262.5 g.
Platinum 21.5 g/cm3
Silver 10.5 g/cm3
Tin 7.3 g/cm3
Find the volume by water
displacement.
d = m/v
= 262.5 g / 25
cm3
m
d v
= 10.5 g/cm3 It is Silver!
Boats are made
so that they have
a lower density
than water.
Changes of Matter
Physical Changes:
• A change that does not
produce a new substance.
• Usually reversible.
• Ex: Ice melts into water.
Chemical Changes:
 A change that does produce
a new substance.
 Usually not reversible.
 Ex: Iron rusts forming iron
oxide.
How do you know a chemical change has
occurred?
Evidence of a
Chemical Change:
1.
Energy (Heat):


2.
3.
4.
absorbed energy (endothermic)
released energy (exothermic)
Gas is produced (bubbles)
Solid (precipitate) forms
Odor or color change occurs
Physical
change
begins
in the
mouth
Why are these chemical changes?
Identify the following as a physical property, a chemical
property, a physical change, or a chemical change.
Ice melting
Physical change
Tarnishing in moist air
Chemical change
Silver in color
Physical property
Conducts electricity
Physical property
Ability to explode
Chemical property
Recycled aluminum
can
Ability to react with
acid
Burned the popcorn
Physical change
Chemical property
Chemical change