Language Implications
of NATO’s
Expanding Roles
Dr. Ray T. Clifford
BILC Conference, San Antonio
21 May 2007
Welcome to this year’s
BILC conference!
What is “BILC”?
What is BILC?
• Bureau for
International
Language
Co-ordination
• A consultative and advisory body for
language training matters in NATO.
Language Matters
“The single most important problem
identified by almost all Partners as an
impediment to developing
interoperability with the Alliance has
been shortcomings in communications.”
EAPC (PARP-C) D (97) 1, page 10.
BILC Within NATO
Military Committee
( Senior Military Authority in NATO )
NATO Training Group
( Responsible for Consolidation of Multi-national Training )
Joint Services Sub-Group
( The Action Committee for Joint Training )
Bureau for International Language Coordination
( The Consultative and Advisory Body on Language Matters )
Army
Navy
Air Force
Finance
Bureau for International
Language Co-ordination
•
NATO’s only language training organization
–
•
Independently chartered 1966
The UK (1966-1981), Germany (1982-1996),
and US (1997-2007) have staffed the
Secretariat.
–
–
–
–
Conducts an annual Conference each Summer
Sponsors a PfP Professional Seminar in the Fall
Responsible for STANAG 6001
Provides services to support the International
Military Staff and the International Staff:
•
•
Language Training Assessments
Language Testing Seminars
Why are we here?
• Language matters have never been more
important to NATO.
• NATO language needs have increased as
NATO’s role has expanded.
– The Cold War era.
– The post Cold War transformation.
– The post September 11, 2001 era.
• This year’s presentation and study group
topics reveal the scope of these expanded
language needs.
Expanding Needs
• There are more members and more
partners in the Alliance.
• NATO Response Forces now require both:
– English for interoperability.
• For staff positions.
• For NCOs during unit training and operations.
– Languages Other Than English
• For conflicts outside of Europe.
• For counterterrorism.
The Challenge is formidable:
Language is the most complex
of human behaviors.
Language is the most complex
of human behaviors.
“Kuuuurijate töööö jäääärel.”
Example from a Brochure on
the Estonian Language:
“Kuuuurijate töööö jäääärel.”
“A moon researcher’s worknight at the edge of the ice.”
Language is the most complex of
human behaviors.
Even professional translators can make
mistakes…
Sign in Moscow Hotel
If this is your first
visit to Moscow, you
are welcome to it.
Hong Kong Tailor Shop
Ladies may have
a fit upstairs.
Instructions for Thermostat
in Japanese Hotel
Cooles and Heates: If you
want just condition of
warm in your room,
please control yourself.
Cocktail Lounge in Norway
Ladies are requested
not to have children
in the bar.
Even Simple Language Isn’t Simple
Expertise Needed
• When faced with complex problems…
– Novices will always see more options than
are seen by the experts.
– However, experts will see more solutions !
• We are here to gather the expertise
needed to find solutions.
– Presentations.
– Study Groups.
– Discussions of the Steering Committee.
Some Items on this Week’s
Steering Committee Agenda
• Review of 2006 action items.
– Data base of language courses taught in
support of NATO operations.
– Language training support for the JSSG
TEPSO Working Group.
– Upgrading the BILC website.
– Recommendation that the force goals (EG
0356) are unrealistically high.
– Submission of reading items for the BAT.
Some Items on this Week’s
Steering Committee Agenda
(Continued)
• Progress on the BAT.
• Review of BILC Constitution and Rules of
Procedure.
• JSSG tasking to create a third edition of
STANAG 6001.
• Transition of BILC Secretariat
responsibilities.
Some Historical Background
“Progress on the BAT”
• What is the BAT?
What is a BAT?
BAT is an acronym for…
Benchmark
Advisory
Test(s)
What is a
Benchmark Advisory Test?
• Purpose.
– The test is designed for NATO military and civilian
personnel who are not native speakers of English.
– The purpose of the BAT is to assess international
English language proficiency, regardless of how it
was acquired, by testing reading comprehension of a
variety of authentic written materials representing a
range of topics, and author purposes.
– The test may also be used as an external criterion for
validation of nationally-developed tests.
BAT History
• 2005 – BILC
– The concept of Benchmark Advisory Tests was
approved, without financial support
– Reading test specifications drafted.
– Working Group Volunteers began submitting items.
• 2006 – NATO, ACT
– Formally asked that tests be developed.
– Offered funding, then decided that the funding had to
be competitively awarded.
– October: Published the bid requirements
•
•
•
•
Deliver international language testing capability in 4 skills.
All tests must be finished within a year.
30 days to prepare a proposal.
The lowest cost proposal would win.
BAT History
• 2006 – BILC Secretariat
– October: Formed a coalition with a
professional organization (The American
Council on the teaching of Foreign
Languages) which was already providing
speaking and writing proficiency tests
internationally.
– November: Submitted a proposal.
– December: The BILC/ACTFL proposal won
the competition and a contract was awarded.
– Financial support for travel to meetings of the
working group was at last available.
Our Professional Partner
• The American Council on the Teaching of
Foreign Languages (ACTFL) currently has
standardized proficiency tests and test
delivery capabilities:
– Speaking
• 50 languages
– Writing
• 12 languages
– Reading and listening
• Under construction
The Benchmark Advisory Test
• Built on Voluntary National Contributions
– Pool of reading items from 12 BILC
member nations
– Working Group of Testing experts from
BILC member nations
• Test delivery
– Online reading, listening, and writing
– Telephonic speaking test with digitized
sound files
• Test scoring
– Reading and listening scored online
– Speaking and writing scored by trained
raters
Benchmark Advisory Test
• Progress to date:
– Initial software (alpha version) developed
– Test specifications for reading and listening
– Review and selection of initial pool of reading
items
– Conducted Modified Angoff validation of
reading test items
– Beginning the design specifications for
speaking and writing tests
– Developing a workshop to train speaking and
writing test raters
Benchmark Advisory Test
• Future enhancements
– Online instructions and familiarization
items.
– Computer-adaptive versions of reading
and listening tests
Creating BAT Tests
is a Complex Process
• Language is the most complex of human
behaviors.
• Testing is also a complex process.
• Language Testing is complexity squared.
3 Major Types of Tests
• Achievement
• Performance
• Proficiency
3 Major Types of Tests
• Achievement
– Memorized responses using the content of
a specific textbook or curriculum.
• Performance
– Rehearsed ability to communicate in
specific, familiar settings.
• Proficiency
– Unrehearsed general ability to accomplish
real-world communication tasks across a
wide range of topics and settings.
Different Types of Tests
• Achievement
– Rehearsed, memorized responses
– Tests what is taught
– Content of a specific textbook or
curriculum
Sample Achievement Test Item
Complete the following with the correct verb form in
the past.
(go)
I _____________ to the United States last year.
(be)
My seat on the plane _______ in business class.
(have) My associates and I _________ meetings each day.
(eat)
We _________ at typical American restaurants.
Different Types of Tests
• Performance
– Semi-rehearsed and rehearsed
responses
– Ability to communicate in specific,
familiar, and predictable settings
– What one can do with what has been
taught and practiced
Sample Performance Test Item
Complete the following sentences about an
upcoming business trip. Add a minimum of 5
additional words to each sentence.
For an upcoming business trip I plan to
____________________________________________.
I am certain that the trip will be successful because
____________________________________________.
Different Types of Tests
• Proficiency
– Spontaneous, unrehearsed
communication
– General ability to accomplish
communication tasks in a variety of
settings
– Skill is transferable from one context to
another
Sample Proficiency Test Item
You are planning a business trip abroad. You
contact a travel agent. You need to purchase
plane tickets, arrange hotel reservations, and
get information about local transportation, but
you encounter significant hurdles that you had
not anticipated, including …
A Summary of the Contrasts
Achievement, Performance and Proficiency
Task
Context
Accuracy
Achievement
Performance
Proficiency
Memorized
Rehearsed
Unrehearsed
Repeat, produce, Show specific
choose
skills
Demonstrate a wide
range of abilities
Textbook,
Curriculum
Focused,
restricted
Broad, in-depth,
variable
Determined by
the teacher
Situation
dependent
Ascending
expectations
The Benchmark Advisory Tests
Are Proficiency Tests
In the next series of charts…
• Each observable increase in ability could:
– Represent a week of intensive language
study.
– Be tested using an achievement test.
• Multiple observable achievements could
be tested with a performance test.
• Multiple performance gains across a range
of topics and tasks could be tested with a
general proficiency test.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
1
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
Unrehearsed abilities assessed using infrequent proficiency tests.
Testing Second Language Skills
3
2
1
0
Incremental skill development moving from achievement to rehearsed performance and
building a foundation for increased proficiency by using purposefully designed curricula to:
1. Learn relevant topical content.
2. Master level-appropriate communication tasks.
3. Document progress using ability profiles, test results, portfolios, etc.
3 Major Types of Tests
• Achievement = Memorized responses
using the content of a specific textbook
or curriculum.
• Performance = Rehearsed ability to
communicate in specific, familiar
settings.
• Proficiency = Unrehearsed general
ability to accomplish real-world
communication tasks across a wide
range of topics and settings.
Every Level of the STANAG 6001
Proficiency Scale Describes:
• Tasks
• A statement of what is to be done or
accomplished.
• Conditions
• A description of the conditions under which (or
the context in which) the task is to be performed.
• For language testing, this includes the topics to be
addressed.
• Accuracy
• A definition of how well the task must be
performed under the conditions stated.
STANAG 6001 - Speaking
(Summarized) as a Standard
LEVEL
TASKS
CONTEXT/TOPICS
5
All expected of an
educated NS
4
Tailor language, counsel, motivate,
persuade, negotiate
Wide range of
professional needs
3
Support opinions, hypothesize,
explain, deal with unfamiliar topics
Practical, abstract,
special interests
2
Narrate, describe, give directions
1
Q & A, create with the language
0
Use memorized phrases
All subjects
Concrete, realworld, factual
ACCURACY
Accepted as an
educated NS
Extensive, precise,
and appropriate
Errors never
interfere with
communication &
rarely disturb
Intelligible even if
not used to dealing
with non-NS
Everyday survival
Intelligible with
effort or practice
Random
Unintelligible
Therefore,
Benchmark Advisory Tests
are Proficiency Tests
• STANAG 6001 is a proficiency scale.
• Tests derived from it assess unrehearsed,
general language ability.
Of course, BAT development is
but one of BILC’s current tasks.
We’ll report on all of the Steering
Committee agenda Items in our
report on Thursday
The Steering Committee Report
• Benchmark Advisory Tests.
• Review of BILC Constitution and Rules of
Procedure.
• JSSG tasking to create a third edition of
STANAG 6001.
• Transition of BILC Secretariat
responsibilities.
Thank you for attending this
BILC Annual Conference!
We look forward to working with you this
week to better define and address the:
“Language Implications of
NATO’s Expanding Roles”.