Engel v. Vitale (1962) school sponsored prayer unconstitutional Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) no school-sponsored devotional bible reading in public schools Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) any legislation must have secular leg purpose, neither promote or inhibit religion, and no excessive entanglement Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith (1990) states can restrain religious practice Zelman v. Simmons – Harris (2002) scholarship program that indirectly fund religious institutions constitutional Schenck v. US (1919) clear and present danger Gitlow v. New York (1925) began federalizing Bill of Rights --> states cannot deny free speech Tinker v. DesMoines (1969) symbolic speech in schools Texas v. Johnson (1989) sybmbolic freedom of speech in flag burning Buckley v. Valeo (1976) sybmolic freedom of speech to personal campaign contributions Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) Free speech protection for corporate funding of campaigns Near v. Minnesota (1931) extended protection of press freedom to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment New York Times v. Sullivan free speech covers false statements (libel) NY Times v. US (1971) no prior restraint unless immediate imperiling of American forces Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) prior restraint exists in a school environment Miller v. California (1972) defined obscenity Bethel v. Frasier (1986) student speech can be limited in a school environment US v. American Library Association (2003) Internet can be filtered in public places Ashcroft v. ACLU (2004) COPA unconstitutional - violated first amendment speech Mapp v. Ohio (1961) exclusionary rule New Jersey v. TLO (1985) schools can search students for reasonable suspicion Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) right to counsel Miranda v. Arizona (1966) protection against self-incrimination US v. Cors (1949) Government need supersedes private property value Kelo v. New London (2005) eminent domain to force sale of private property for priv ec development, if benefit the public Kent v. Dulles (1958) Travel is a protected part of personal liberty Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) zone of privacy = right for married couples Roe v. Wade (1973) gave a woman the right to an abortion for the 1st trimester Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) states can put regulations on abortion Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) states can regulate abortion but not with undue burden BSA v. Dale (2000) Private organizations can dismiss volunteers based on sexual orientation Lawrence v. Texas (2003) using right to privacy struck down Texas sodomy law Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) upheld Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 United States v. Windsor (2012) DOMA unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) separate but equal Brown v. Board (1st and 2nd) (1954/55) segregation unconstitutional Korematsu v. United States (1944) internment of Japanese acceptable to protect nation Smith v. State of Texas (1941) Racial discrimination in jury selection violated the Fourteenth Amendment Shelby County v. Holder (2012) Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act is unconstitutional Baker v. Carr (1962) one man, one vote Shaw v. Reno (1993) no racial gerrymandering, not predominant factor Bush v. Gore (2000) halted election recount based on equal protection clause Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) racial quotas unconstitutional but can be ONE factor in admissions Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) struck down use of "bonus points" for race in undergrad admissions Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) allowed use of race as a general factor for admission U.S. v. Lopez (1995) Gun Free School Zones act exceeded congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce US v. Nixon (1974) executive privilege except in cases of a criminal trial Clinton v. NY (1998) Line-Item Veto unconstitutional violation of separation of powers US v. Morrison (2000) Parts of Violence Against Women Act of 1994 unconstitutional because they exceeded congressional power - Commerce Clause Gonzales v. Oregon (2006) Controlled substances act could not be used against physicians prescribing drugs for assisted suicide DC v. Heller (2008) struck down a WA DC ordinance that banned handguns Marbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) national supremacy, elastic clause Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) commerce clause Barron v. Baltimore (1833) individual citizen’s property was not susceptible to the regulation of the 5th Amendment.