Periodic Table of Elements
8th Grade Science
Basic Neutral Atoms
Element
Atomic #
Be
Si
Atomic
Mass
Protons
Electrons
9
Neutrons
Section on
the
Periodic
Table
5
14
14
K
Metal
Zr
91
80
40
80
Adding Ions to the Mix
Element
Atomic #
Charge
Is it neutral,
anion or
cation?
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
Beryllium
4
2+
cation
4
2
11
0
neutral
atom
7
3-
Calcium
0
Sulfur
23
10
16
1+
3+
13
What About Isotopes?
Element
Atomic #
Atomic Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Isotope?
Carbon-
6
12
6
6
Nope
Carbon-
6
6
8
8
10
OxygenOxygen-
8
Chlorine-
17
18
Chlorine-
17
20
16
Turn & Talk
What are some different ways you
can organize something like your
closet or the kitchen cupboards?
Turn & Talk
What are some ways you think that
the Periodic Table might be
organized?
Periodic Table Text Sets
You and your group will analyze 3 different
types of text to help you identify the trends
of the Periodic Table. It is important that
you work together to get all of the
necessary information!
 Images
 Short articles
 Video clips
Images
Look at the images as a group. Look at
them one at a time, and then compare all
of them to each other.
 Have a discussion about the difference
between them and the information you can
obtain from each
Fill in “Images” section on the note guide
as you talk.
Articles
You will each read a different article
There is an Essential Question at the top
of each which tells you what you really
need to be able to answer after you have
read.
You will bullet point important information
as you read in the correct section for your
article and then you will share your
information with your group members!
Essential Question for Article 1
What are the 3 major regions of the periodic
table and what are the characteristics or
each region?
Essential Question for Article 2
What are the rows and columns on the
periodic table called and what important
information can you get from each?
Essential Question for Article 3
Why are elements put into the group/family
they are in? What are the 3 metal families
and their characteristics?
Essential Question for Article 4
Why are elements put into the family they are
in? What are 2 of the non-metal families and
their characteristics?
Videos
Periodic Table Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDi
WtFtEM
Alkali metals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kg
yApYrY
Halogens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyP8z
hS9c5c
Guess What?????
It’s finally time
to get your very
own copy of
your new best
friend…The
Periodic Table!
Color & Label Your Periodic Table
H
Hydrogen
Trends of The Periodic Table
Basic Organization
The Periodic Table of Elements
organizes all of the elements based on
atomic structure and properties of the
elements
Trends of the Periodic Table
Row = Period across the periodic table
 The elements in the same period have the same number
of electron shells
Trends of the Periodic Table
 Column = Group/Family going down the periodic table
The elements in the same group have the same number
of valence electrons…but there is a trick
1
8
2
3
4 5
6 7
What’s Up With Hydrogen?
Different from any of the other elements
 Nonmetal; has 0 neutrons
The Metals
Reactive Metals
• Alkali metals – Group/Family 1
• Most reactive; 1 valence electron
The Metals
Reactive Metals
• Alkaline Earth metals – Group/Family 2
• 2nd most reactive; 2 valence electrons
The Metals
Less Reactive Metals
• Transition Metals – Groups/Families 3-12
• More stable & much less reactive
The Metals
Lanthanides – 1st row under the table
 Also known as “rare Earth metals” or
“inner-transition” elements because they
are still found in nature
The Metals
Actinides – 2nd row under the table
 All are radioactive and some are
created in a lab
The Metalloids
Metalloids - Found on the zig-zag steps
Have properties of metals and nonmetals
The Blended Families
They are simply named for the element at
the top of the group and they contain a
combination of elements.
Boron Family = Group/Family 13 (3)
Carbon Family = Group/Family 14 (4)
Nitrogen Family = Group/Family 15 (5)
Oxygen Family = Group/Family 16 (6)
The Non-Metals
Reactive Non-metals
Halogens – Group/Family 17 (7)
Reactive gases; 7 valence electrons
The Non-Metals
Non-Reactive Non-metals
 Noble Gases – Group/Family 18 (8)
 Inert; full valence shell
Periodic Table Kahoot!
Get logged in and then read
over your notes while you wait!
Top 5 get candy or 5 points!
Homework: RAFT
 R = Role
 A = Audience
 F = Format
 T = Topic
 R = Teacher
 A = My students
 F = Fairytale
 T = The Trends of
the Periodic Table
Knights of the Periodic Table
Listen to the story and make connections
about each group/family…write the uses
of each group into the chart on your note
guide.
This is my example of your RAFT
Homework, and you will have to create
something similar…so pay attention!
Knights of the Periodic Table
Once upon a time in a land far, far away,
there were 3 kingdoms. Each kingdom
had it’s own royal “families,” and each
family member had their own very unique
personality. Like in every family, some of
them were very well behaved…and others
were quite naughty, but one thing is for
sure, every time the family members from
different kingdoms came into contact with
each other it caused quite a reaction!
Knights of the Periodic Table
There are 3 sections or “Kingdoms” on
the Periodic Table:
- Metal Kingdom =
- Metalloid Kingdom =
- Nonmetal Kingdom =
Each character in the story is meant to
represent a different group and their unique
properties…
The Court Jester
 Different from any of the other elements, this guy is a
weirdo. He is a simple minded fellow because he has
no neutrons to keep him grounded. Even though he is a
bit of a loner, he is friendly and therefore bonds with
people as he travels through the kingdoms. He is
useful as a solo act or along with a other entertainers.
Some say he has the answer to clean fuel and energy
production in the future.
What’s Up With Hydrogen?
Hydrogen the Court Jester
 Different from any of the other elements
 Nonmetal with 0 neutrons
 USES: Clean fuel/clean energy
Prince AL of the Metal Kingdom
 He is one of three brothers in the metal kingdom. He is
actually a twin! He is more aggressive than his twin brother
and will fight anyone and everyone to defend the family’s
honor…so he says. The real reason he is so aggressive is
that he feels like his life just isn’t complete and that he is
always missing something. Prince Al is also under a lot of
pressure from his family because he is skilled at so many
things. He is included in the production of foods,
medicines, fertilizers and even batteries to keep his
Kingdom running. He is crucial in keeping the bodies of all
of his subjects healthy and strong.
Prince AL of the Metal Kingdom
 Character Description:
Prince Al is very aggressive. He fights anyone and
everyone because he feels like he is missing something
and wants to feel complete.
 Periodic Table Connection:
Represents Group 1: Alkali Metals
Most reactive of all the metals
1 valence electron, always looking to bond to be “happy”
USES: Foods, medicines, fertilizers, lithium batteries

Prince ALAN of the Metal Kingdom
 Prince Alan is Al’s twin brother. He is also very aggressive,
but not as aggressive as his twin. He also shares the feeling
of not being complete. He is also under a lot of pressure from
his family to keep the Kingdom running smoothly, and he
actually assists Al with a lot of the Kingdom’s medical needs
as well as the general health of all of his subjects. But,
because he has a slightly more balanced personality he is
also in charge of the Kingdom’s celebrations and providing
entertainment such as fireworks and flares.
Prince ALAN of the Metal Kingdom
 Character Description:
Prince Alan is not as aggressive as his brother Al, but still
likes to fight because he also feels he is missing
something, and wants someone to bond with.
 Periodic Table Connection:
Represents Group 2: Alkaline Metals
Reactive metal but not as reactive as Alkali Metals
Have 2 valence electrons, always looking to bond to be
“happy”
USES: cancer treatment & medical imaging,
fireworks/flares
Prince TRAVIS of the Metal Kingdom
Travis, unlike his brothers is always constant
and rarely changes. He is the oldest of the
three brothers and the most mature. Even
though his brothers are useful, their
aggressive behavior is hard to control, and
Travis is just the opposite. He is laid back
and flexible and he focuses on his job as a
handyman – fixing problems rather than
creating them! He works with the natural
resources his Kingdom has to offer to make
things like tools, jewelry, coins and items
that conduct heat or electricity. He is happy
on his own, but when he does find someone
to bond with the pair becomes even stronger!
Prince TRAVIS of the Metal Kingdom
 Character Description:
Travis, unlike his brothers is always
constant and rarely changes. He is laid
back and instead he focuses on his job
as a handyman – fixing problems rather
than creating them!
 Periodic Table Connection:
Represent Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
Stable & do not react with most elements
Malleable, ductile & good conductors
USES: combines to make alloys, used to
make tools, wires, household items,
jewelry etc.
Queen CYBIL of the Metalloid Kingdom
 Queen Cybil is an interesting character, she
has what we call a split-personality.
Sometimes she acts like a “girly girl” and
sometimes she acts like a “tomboy.” She
changes her personality based on who she is
around…the princes of the Metal Kingdom, or
the Princesses of the Non-metal Kingdom.
She can be quite useful, and has a talent for
technology as she is often used as a semiconductor in electronics. This talent makes
her the perfect link between the Kingdoms.
Because Cybil plays both sides of the
Periodic Table she can be unpredictable
unless you know which of her personalities
you are dealing with.
Queen CYBIL of the Metalloid Kingdom
 Character Description:
Cybil has a split-personality: “girly
girl” AND “tomboy.” She changes
her personality based on who she
is around – Cybil is “two-faced”
 Periodic Table Connection:
Have characteristics of both metals
and nonmetals – zig zag steps
React differently depending on the
element they react with
USES: semiconductors in
electronics (silicon)
Princess DARLENE of the
Non-metal Kingdom
 Princess Darlene is a drama queen because she wants to
be “perfect” like her sister Nora the Noble Princess. She
is very reactive and always wants the spotlight. She feels
like she is so close to being “perfect” but she just can’t
quite get there. So, in an attempt to be happy Darlene
loves to spend time with Prince Al of the Metal Kingdom.
When she is frustrated with his behavior she cleans, and
she is known for her special cleaners and detergents.
When the two are getting along they make things like salt,
but when they aren’t, the relationship can be quite toxic!
Princess DARLENE of the
non-metal Kingdom
 Character Description:
Darlene is a drama queen because she wants to be
“perfect” like her sister Nora the Noble Princess.
Darlene loves to spend time with Al of the metal
kingdom
 Periodic Table Connection:
Represents Group 17: Halogens
Reactive nonmetals
Have 7 electrons in their valence shell…so close to
being “happy”
USES: detergents & cleaners, halogen light bulbs
Princess NORA of the Non-metal Kingdom
 Nora the Noble Princess is the perfect
proper princess. She avoids drama by
sticking to herself unless she is needed to
help prevent drama among others. Some
don’t like her very much because they
consider her snobby for not hanging out
with anyone, but she is confident in that
she doesn’t need others to make her
happy and in reality she has a very bright
personality that can really light up her
Kingdom and of course make her sister
Darlene crazy with jealousy!
Princess NORA of the nonmetal kingdom
 Character Description:
Nora the noble princess is the perfect proper
princess. She avoids drama by sticking to
herself unless she is needed to help
prevent drama among others.
 Periodic Table Connection:
Represents Group 18: Noble Gases
Do not react with other elements because
their valence shell is full
 USES: neon in signs, stopping chemical
reactions
Homework: RAFT
 R = Game
Manufacturer
 A = Middle School
Students
 F = Board Game or
Card Game
 T = Traveling
through the Periodic
Table
 R = Advertising
Agency
 A = “Unhappy” atoms
 F = Dating/Bonding
advertisement/website
 T = Importance of
Valence electrons –
Bohr diagrams
Homework: RAFT
 R = Periodic Table
 A = Atom/Element
 F = Letters that
explain or argue
 T = Why the
atom/element is not
allowed to move to
another kingdom
 R = Songwriter
 A = Teenagers
 F = Rap/Song
 T = War between the
Kingdoms
Other Ideas for RAFT:
Element therapy group
Instagram or Facebook for each of the
characters
Weight loss program for isotopes
Wedding Invitations for 2 elements
bonding
Adoption agency for electrons
Romeo and Juliet love story
Commercial or music video
RAFT Time
RAFT Requirements: I will give each
group a grading rubric to remind you of
the requirements
Your RAFT must be clearly stated and will be
visible/consistent through out the details of the project
 The information included in your RAFT must be
accurate
 Your work must be of high quality and the appropriate
amount of work for the number of people you are
working with
 Must be related to a chemistry concept we have
covered…but you can certainly exceed the depth/detail
we covered in class!