Pg
Title
Date
36
Ch 13 Reading Notes p1
11/18
37
Ch 13 Reading Notes p2
11/18
38
13.2 & 13.3 Graphs
11/18
39
13.4 and 13.5 Graphs
11/18
40
Rockefeller Bio
11/21
41
Rockefeller Notes
11/21
42
Carnegie Bio
11/21
43
Carnegie Notes
11/21
44
Chapter 14 Notes
12/2
45
Industrial Working Conditions ppt
12/2
Date: 12/2/13
Activity: Industrial Working
Conditions
Warm Up: Skim through Chapter
14 and give a 1-2 sentence
summary of what it will be
about.
Homework:
Chapter 14 Notes due
Wednesday 12/4
• Read Intro
– Was the Rise of Industry good for American
Workers?
• Read and take notes on 14.2 (on page 44
in your notebook)
•
Pg
Title
Date
36
Ch 13 Reading Notes p1
11/18
37
Ch 13 Reading Notes p2
11/18
38
13.2 & 13.3 Graphs
11/18
39
13.4 and 13.5 Graphs
11/18
40
Rockefeller Bio
11/21
41
Rockefeller Notes
11/21
42
Carnegie Bio
11/21
43
Carnegie Notes
11/21
44
Chapter 14 Notes
12/2
45
Industrial Working Conditions
12/2
Date: 12/3/13
Activity: Industrial Revolution
Warm Up:
Describe some of the worst
working conditions you
remember reading/learning
about yesterday.
Homework:
Chapter 14 Notes due tomorrow
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
• PLEASE DO NOW!!!!
In at least five lines, describe how you
would feel if you had to work twelve to
sixteen hour days, six days a week, in a dirty,
noisy and dangerous factory for very little
pay?
*Think About:
Of the above conditions which would you
consider to be the most unbearable? Why?
Would you rather be at school?
Would you protest?
Would it make a difference if you made more
money?
CRAFTSMEN GIVE WAY TO THE ASSEMBLY LINE
• HOW WOULD THESE TWO WORK STYLES DIFFER?
• HOW WOULD THESE CHANGES EFFECT THE WORKER?
RESULTS OF CHANGE FROM CRAFTSMAN TO
ASSEMBLY-LINE FOR THE WORKER
• LOSS OF JOB SATISFACTION:
– WORKER NO LONGER MAKES THE ENTIRE PRODUCT
• LOSS OF JOB SECURITY:
– NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED
– WORKERS EASILY REPLACED
• LOSS OF COMRADERY & PERSONAL FREEDOM:
– WORKDAY CONTROLLED BY MANAGEMENT
– TOO NOISY FOR TALKING
• LOSS OF IDENTITY:
– GROWING GAP BETWEEN WORKERS & EMPLOYERS
– VIEWED AS NUMBERS RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS
•
WORKING
CONDITIONS
LONG HOURS:
– WORKDAY = ?
• 12 HOURS
– WORK WEEK = ?
• 6 DAYS
– VACATION = ?
• NONE
– SICK DAYS = ?
• NONE
•
LOW PAY:
– OFTEN LESS THAN THE COST OF
LIVING
•
DANGEROUS CONDITIONS:
– HAZARDOUS MACHINERY
– NO COMPENSATION IF INJURED
– NO PROTECTION FROM DUST
AND FUMES
– DANGER OF FIRE
CHILD
LABOR
• WHAT ADVANTAGES
DID CHILD WORKERS
PROVIDE FOR
EMPLOYERS?
– COULD BE PAID LESS $
– EASIER TO CONTROL
– FIT INTO SMALL
SPACES
CHILD LABOR INFO
• MANY BELIEVED LABOR WAS
GOOD FOR CHILDREN:
– KEPT THEM OUT OF TROUBLE
• ECONOMIC NECESSITY FOR
MANY FAMILIES
• MANY CHILD WORKERS WERE
AS YOUNG AS 5 YEARS OLD
• LIMITED EDUCATION:
– LITTLE CHANCE FOR
IMPROVEMENT
• MANY CHILDREN MAIMED OR
KILLED
A young boy, aged 10, working in a
glass factory in Alexandria, Va.
Fish cutters at a Canning Co. in Maine; Ages 7-12; Work
from 7a.m. – Midnight.
Made 75cents/day; youngest boy in front & boy in back
missing fingers.
Young workers at a hosiery
factory in Tennessee.
Girl, age 10, working at Whitnel Cotton Mill
in North Carolina.
She makes just 48 cents/day.
•CHILD LABOR
WAS ONE OF
THE KEY
TARGETS OF
PROGRESSIVE
REFORM
Sweatshops
• NOT ALL PRODUCTS
WERE MADE IN
FACTORIES:
– PEOPLE’S HOMES
WERE OFTEN USED
– ESPECIALLY IN
CLOTHING INDUSTRY
– AS MANY AS 20 PEOPLE
WORKING, EATING,
SLEEPING IN A ROOM
– PAID ON A PIECEWORK
BASIS
COMPANY TOWNS
• COMPANY OWNED
EVERYTHING:
– RENTED HOUSES TO
WORKERS
– OWNED STORES
WORKERS SHOPPED AT
• COMPANY APPOINTED
TOWN GOVERNMENT
• COMPANY HIRED POLICE &
TEACHERS
• SPIES REPORTED ON
COMPLAINERS
Men’s Lodgings
Women’s Lodgings
MONOPOLIES & TRUSTS (1)
• BY 1900 TRUSTS CONTROLLED
80% OF U.S. INDUSTRIES
• 2% OF THE COMPANIES MADE
50% OF THE PRODUCTS
• POSITIVES:
– MORE EFFICIENT
– LESS EXPENSIVE PRODUCTS
(THEORETICALLY)
– CAPITAL TO EXPAND AND
DEVELOP NEW GOODS
MONOPOLIES & TRUSTS (2)
• NEGATIVES:
–
–
–
–
LESS COMPETITION (HIGHER PRICES)
LOST JOBS
TOO BIG AND UNWIELDY
INEXPERIENCE WITH NEW LINES OF
BUSINESS
– TOO MUCH POLITICAL INFLUENCE
• ABUSE OF POWER BY TRUSTS LED TO:
– HIGH PRICES
– RUTHLESS BUSINESS PRACTICES
– CALL FOR ANTI-TRUST LAWS
• 1890 – SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT:
– INTENDED TO COMBAT ‘RESTRAINT OF
TRADE’
– LARGELY A FAILURE – BUSINESSES GOT
LARGER AND LARGER
Chapter 14 Notes
14.2 Conditions of the Working Class
1. Exhausting schedule
- 90 hour weeks/$1 per day
2. Division of Labor
–
(monotonous)
3. Hazardous environments
4. Sweatshops
14.3 Labor Movements
Strategies unions used to
attempt to improve the lives
of their workers
Ways in which employers
attempted to undermine
labor unions
Attempted to get
• 8 hour workday
• Higher wages
• Collective bargaining
• Strikes (last resort)
• Used competition for jobs
• “yellow-dog contracts”
– Pledge NOT to join a union
• Shared list of union
members and blacklisted
those on it.
14.4 Strikes Erupt Nationwide
1. RR Strike of 1877
–
–
Largest labor uprising in US history
Boosted union membership
2. Haymarket Affair 1886 (Chicago)
–
Strikers fought “scabs” and it led to
meeting at Haymarket Sq where a riot
broke out
14.4 Strikes Erupt Nationwide
3. Homestead Strike 1892
•Steel plant manager hired Pinkerton Agency to
stop strike
•Strikers wound up taking over town and then
eventually strikers were banned for next 40 years.
4. Pullman Strike 1894
•Lived in “pullman town” ; Cut wages but didn’t cut
costs.
•Government got involved in strike because it was
stopping the US Mail
•Troops sent in and it got violent
14.5 Mixed Sucesses
Setbacks
Gains
• Government supported
employers
• Hours lessened
• Wages went up
• Federal judges could and
did shut down strikes
• Made gains in working
conditions
• Recognition of workers’
rights