SBI4U1
Date: ______________________
NAME:
________________
Stress and the Adrenal Gland (8.4)
You may need more space to answer these questions than is provided here!
 Where is the epinephrine “adrenaline” produced? _______________________________
 What does epinephrine do?
 accelerates _______________________ and body reactions during a crisis
“_______________ or flight”
 promotes conversion of _________________ to glucose, therefore ______________
blood sugar.
 Complete the tables below.
Table: Hormonal Changes in Response to Stress
Hormone
Change
Adjustment
Increases
-mobilizes carbohydrate and fat energy stores
-increases blood glucose and fatty acids
-accelerates heart rate and the activity of the respiratory system
Increases
-mobilizes energy stores by converting proteins to glucose
-elevates blood amino acids, blood glucose, and blood fatty acids
Glucagon
Increases
Insulin
Decreases
Table 2: Problems Associated with Long-Term Stress
New operating limit
______________
blood sugar
________________
blood pressure
________________
heart rate
Problem created
-alters osmotic balance between blood and extracellular fluids; can
lead to increased fluid uptake by the blood and increased blood
pressure
-possible rupture of blood vessels due to higher pressure
-increased blood clotting
-can lead to higher blood pressure
-possible destruction of heart muscle
 Why is the secretion of insulin decreased in times of stress?
 What are prostaglandins?
 What are anabolic steroids?
SBI4U1
Date: ______________________
NAME:
________________
Stress and the Adrenal Gland (8.4)
You will need more space to answer these questions than is provided here!
 Where is the epinephrine “adrenaline” produced? adrenal medulla
 What does epinephrine do?
-
accelerates heart rate and body reactions during a crisis “fight or flight”
promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose, therefore increased blood sugar
 Complete the tables below.
Table: Hormonal Changes in Response to Stress
Hormone
Change
Adjustment
Epinephrine
Increases
-mobilizes carbohydrate and fat energy stores
-increases blood glucose and fatty acids
-accelerates heart rate and the activity of the respiratory system
Cortisol
Increases
-mobilizes energy stores by converting proteins to glucose
-elevates blood amino acids, blood glucose, and blood fatty acids
Glucagon
Increases
-coverts glycogen to glucose
Insulin
Decreases
-decreases the breakdown of glycogen in the liver
Table 2: Problems Associated with Long-Term Stress
New operating limit
Higher blood sugar
Increased blood pressure
Increased heart rate
Problem created
-alters osmotic balance between blood and extracellular fluids; can lead to increased fluid
uptake by the blood and increased blood pressure
-possible rupture of blood vessels due to higher pressure
-increased blood clotting
-can lead to higher blood pressure
-possible destruction of heart muscle
 Why is the secretion of insulin decreased in times of stress?
Answer: Blood glucose levels are increased during stress situations. insulin increases the movement of glucose
across cell membranes. If insulin were not inhibited, the increased blood sugar levels created to deal with a
stress situation would decrease as glucose was absorbed by cells or converted to glycogen.
 What are prostaglandins?
Answer: Hormones that have a pronounced effect in a small, localized area of the body.
 What are anabolic steroids?
Answer: Substances that are designed to mimic many of the muscle-building traits of the sex hormone
testosterone. Provide increased muscle development and increased strength.