4.24
Assume that an aqueous solution of a cation, represented as a red sphere, is
allowed to mix with a solution of an anion, represented as a yellow sphere.
Three possible outcomes are represented by boxes (1)–(3):
Which outcome corresponds to each of the following reactions?
(a) 2 Na+(aq) + CO32(aq)
(b) Ba2+(aq) + CrO42(aq)
(c) 2 Ag+(aq) + SO32(aq)
4.25
Assume that an aqueous solution of a cation, represented as a blue
sphere, is allowed to mix with a solution of an anion, represented as
a green sphere, and that the following result is obtained:
Which combinations of cation and anion, chosen from the following
lists, are compatible with the observed results? Explain.
Cations: Na+, Ca2+, Ag+, Ni2+
Anions: Cl, Ca32, CrO42, NO3
4.26
Assume that an aqueous solution of
OH, represented as a blue sphere, is
allowed to mix with a solution of an
acid HnA, represented as a red
sphere. Three possible outcomes are
depicted by boxes (1)–(3), where the
green spheres represent On, the
anion of the acid:
Which outcome corresponds to each of the following reactions?
(a) HF + OH
H2O + F
(b) H2SO3 + 2 OH
2 H2O + SO32
(c) H3PO3 + 2 OH
3 H2O + PO43
4.27
The concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite; the active
ingredient in household bleach) can be determined by a redox titration with iodide ion in
acidic solution:
Ocl(aq) + 2 I(aq) + 2 H+(aq)
Cl–(aq) + I2(aq) + H2O(l)
Assume that the blue spheres in the buret represent I ions, the red spheres in the flask
represent Ocl ions, the concentration of the I ions in the buret is 0.120 M, and the
volumes in the buret and the flask are identical. What is the concentration of NaOCl in the
flask? What percentage of the I solution in the buret must be added to the flask to react
with all the OCl ions?
4.28
Assume that the conductivity of a solution depends on the total
concentration of dissolved ions and that you measure the conductivity
of three different solutions while carrying out titration procedures:
(a) Begin with 1.00 L of 0.100 M KCl, and titrate by addition
of 0.100 M AgNO3.
(b) Begin with 1.00 L of 0.100 M HF, and titrate by addition
of 0.100 M KOH.
(c) Begin with 1.00 L of 0.100 M BaCl2 and titrate by
addition of 0.100 M Na2SO4.
Which of the following graphs corresponds to which titration?
4.29
Based on the positions in the periodic table, which of
the following reactions would you expect to occur?
(a) Red+ + Green
Red + Green+
(b) Blue + Green+
Blue+ + Green
(c) Red + Blue+
Red+ + Blue