Intensification of maize-legume based
systems in the semi-arid areas of
Tanzania to increase farm productivity
and improve farming natural resource
base
Kimaro, A, Swai, E., Ganga Rao, NVRP and Okori, P
Project Site
Kiteto district is found in the Manyara
region with an estimated population of
152,757
Kongwa District is found in Dodoma
Region. We are working in Mlali ward with
a population of about 28,000 people
Partners
•
Extension
Government
department
Frontline
development
agencies
• Nafaka (production
and productivity)
• Tuboreshe Chakula
(nutrition outcomes)
CGs-ICRISAT, ICRAF,
IITA, NARS-ARI
Hombolo,
Naliendele, Salien
PRC & SUA
• Develop and or
validate
technologies
Context of the Interventions
Challenges to increased
production/productivity
1. Fragile farming environments
• Erosion prone farms
• Degraded land scapes
• Low soils fertility
2. Degradative farming (crop/livestock)
pracices
• Overgrazing
• Limited integration
3. Low production potential varieties
grown
4. Local demand for legumes
(consumption) is low
Context of the Interventions
The Opportunities
1.
Access to markets (Kibaigwa) local
and outside of the region
2.
Under good management potential
for high production
3.
Livestock is available (poultry,
livestock) for food and manure
4.
Contribute to nutrition and crop
productivity outcomes (leaverage
other FTF programes TUBoreshe
Chakula, NaFaka)
5.
Management and yield enhancing
technlogies exist
PM Mizengo Pinda
Africa RISING Principles
1.
Research designed to test hypotheses that are linked to outputs and
developmental outcomes identified by the Africa RISING programme.
2.
Problem-focused and demand driven research activities influenced by
market demand, evolving policy environments, and changing social
structures the needs of farmers.
Ensuring that research outputs are targeted effectively to development
needs and are feasible for target farm households to implement.
Implemented at several levels with
– Core research outputs that are likely to be common across the
programme;
– Diverse research activities as guided by the individual projects;
– Flexible methods and tools to fit individual research activities and
the context.
Scaling will be at a pilot level and beyond through the development of
investment plans with development agencies.
3.
4.
5.
Problem
identification
and targeting
Participatory
technology
evaluation
Adaptation
Scaling up
and or out.
Project Theory of Change
Outputs and activities
Outcomes
Outcome 1
Increased crop yields in maize-legume farming systems
by up to 100% for cereals and 80% for legumes.
Outcome 2
Improved land productivity in robust agro-ecologies
and productive farming and crop systems
Preconditions amongst in action site
Opportunities for
improved access to seed
and innovations support
intensification
Farmer organisations
are functional &
supportive of the
project
Existing land tenure
systems allows for
farm to landscape level
interventions
Government policy is
supportive of
investments in
agriculture
Sphere of interest
Africa Rising outcomes
Sphere of influence
Smallholder farm households especially women and children move out of poverty, food
and nutritional insecurity while maintaining and/or improving ecosystem stability
Project outputs
Output 1
Introduce, & evaluate
improved varieties of
maize
and
grain
legumes
Output 2
Deploy ISFT to improve
plant nutrition, yields
and agro-ecosystem
resilience
Output 3
Validate & promote
land management
options for sustainable
intensification
Output 4
Post-harvest processing
utilization and food
safety improved
nutrition outcomes
Preconditions among project partners
Novel & multidisciplinary
approaches used to improve
agricultural innovation
Strengthened M&E
and learning in place
for team
High quality staff
motivated to work
for project success
Team operations
is at optimum and
well supported
Sphere of influence
Impacts
ICRISAT Impact
The Partners
Including policy
institutions,
infrastructure,
human and natural
resources
Agriculture
development
environment
NARES,
IARCs and
institutions
Ultimate
beneficiaries,
the farmers
Farmers and
their
organizations
R&D stakeholders,
and their
communities
including NGOs
Intensification Model
1. High
yielding and
nutrient rich
crop varieties
Increased
productivity
2. ISFM land
& water
management
3. Improved
crop
management
Improved agricultural
productivity and nutrition
outcomes
Experimental approach
•
•
•
RO1 to inform
investment options
(Alt: Experiment
with options to
underpin scaling
up and out).
Increased
productivity (new
varieties- at scale),
land use for
livestock and
poultry
Increase land
productivity
(nutrient use,
decrease
degradation)
Address house
nutrition and food
security
Scaling up
and out
Increasing resilience
and productivity
•
Scaling-up
Validation
Experimenta
tion
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Summary of Progress
• Benchmarking:
– Identifying options for piloting and up-scaling
into our intensification model are being done.
• New varieties,
• Seed systems for up-and out-scaling
• Investigations into production environments
• Strategic partnership:
• All direct implementers (contracted
partners), and associate partners (critical
partners non contractual partners) as well as
community leadership are on board.
WP 1: On-farm evaluation of improved
legume & cereals varieties
Work
Package
Deliverables
WP 1
1. Adaptability of new materials
• Yield performance &
PVS
2. Technology dissemination
• Community based seed
production systems
• Groundnuts QDS
• Pigeon Pea QDS
• Maize –especially
QPM (OPV & Hybrids)
• Knowledge dissemination
• Testing and using most
appropriate media
3. Integrating cereals and legumes
in production systems
• Evaluating suitability for
intercrop, cover crop
Intercrop Kogwa &
PVS at Moleti Kiteto
WP 2: Integrated soil fertility
management
Work
Package
Deliverables
WP 2
• Major limiting soil
nutrients for crop
production identified
• Improved in-organic
fertilizer usage by farmers
• Strategies for use of
intercropping to improve
soils fertility and yield of
introduced varieties
developed
• Cost benefits analysis for
various soil nutrient
replenishment
WP 3: Land and water management
(soil and water conservation)
Work
Package
Deliverables
WP 3
• Best bet soil water
conservation and
erosion control
technologies validated
for up-scaling.
• Strategies to improve
soils and water
management
developed.
• Cost benefits for soils
and water management
done
Farmers examine a maize
crop produced under
improved managed
WP 4: Post harvest processing, utilization
and nutrition and safety
Work
Packag
e
WP 4
Deliverables
Effect of technologies on aflatoxin
contamination levels in ground nuts
(ppb)
• Competitiveness of Pigeon
pea as alternative protein
crop studied.
• Aflatoxin on maize
Groundnuts, Pigeon pea,
Bean bambara nuts &
sorghum studied.
• Awareness raising among
partner on aflatoxin
• Profile value chain for
contamination points
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57
5
5
5
69
WP 4: Post harvest processing,
utilization and nutrition and safety
Work Package
Issues for improvement
WP 4
Activities year 2
1. Develop diagnostic platform at ARI
Hombolo for the target area. (working
with Selian RI)
2. Build capacity of ARI Hombolo and Selian
to ID aflatoxins
3. Promotional activities for diagnostic
platforms
4. Validate efficiency of techniques
together with TFDA
WP 5: Crop-livestock & poultry
integration for productivity
enhancement
Work Package
Issues for improvement
WP 5
Activities year 1
1. R&D to support adequate supply of quality
feeds
• Characterize existing species (Year 1)
• Propagation studies for best bet species
(Year 2&3)
• Studies on management option for semi
arid areas (Year 3)
1. R&D to support improvement in
management of stock and minimize land
degradation
WP 5: Crop-livestock & poultry
integration for productivity
enhancement
Work Package
Issues for improvement
WP 5
Activities year 1
2. R&D to support improvement in management of
stock and minimize land degradation
• Characterize current management systems
& links to degradation & feeds supply
• Determine suitable livestock management
systems for land degradation
• Links to WP 2 and 3
• Carrying capacity of land
• Build capacity to manage best bet tech
for poultry
• Recycling poultry to fertility
WP 6: Characterization of sites
Work Package
Issues for improvement
WP 6
Activities year 1
1. Baseline report highlight soil conditions and
major constraints to SI in targeted areas
1. Initial site condition of field sites targeted for
on-farm trials evaluated and documented for
M&E and impacts assessments
Lessons learnt
• R4D innovation platform:
– Convergence & complementarity: Complement of partners is fluid.
Convergence of thrusts takes time and largely influence by extraneous
factors
– Benchmanks are critical: R&D investment typologies are needed to
implementation. (Helps to isolate Research from development issues)
– Partnerships. Intensification involves complex institutional and
operational relationships. Limited understanding of what works and
does not is critical for scaling up and design of appropriate interventions.
– Champions for change: Champions at community level are essential.
This may compound design of evaluations because such people are
usually targeted by others
Thank you!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium