Association Mapping of Complex Traits in Crop Plants Key Issues in Statistical Analysis and Candidate Gene/Allele Discovery and Validation Guoping Shu, Tabare Abadie, Geoff Graham, Zeng Li, and Antoni Rafalski Pioneer Hi-Bred International, DuPont Crop Genetics, EI DuPont de Nemours & Co., Johnston, IA, 50131, Wilmington, DE, 19898, USA With the availability of high density genomic and genetic map of SNP and SSR Markers for crop plants, association mapping becomes increasingly powerful tool for genetic and molecular dissection of complex and quantitative traits. We will discuss the key issues in Association mapping for crop plants: the statistical methods of genome scan mapping and fine mapping, separating phenotype association from linkage disequilibrium, sample size and detection power, discovery and validation of candidate genes and candidate alleles.