Young Republic
Part II
The Republic Strikes Back
Economic Nationalism
• 2nd Bank of the U.S. is created
• Tariff of 1816 is passed to protect
U.S. industry
• The Federal Government funds the
National Roads
• States fund other roads and canals
helping to tie the nation together
Judicial Nationalism
• Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee- Supreme court says
they will hear appeals in state courts in cases
dealing with federal laws
• McCulloch v. Maryland- “necessary and
proper” clause has broad meaning; federal
government is supreme
• Gibbons v. Ogden- gives the federal
government broad power to regulate
interstate commerce
Nationalism in Foreign Policy
• Andrew Jackson invades Florida
• Spain cedes territory to the U.S.
in 1819
• U.S. issues Monroe Doctrine,
telling Europe they may no longer
colonize the Americas
The Transportation Revolution
• Erie Canal- 363 mile canal from the Hudson River
to Lake Erie
• National Road- major east-west highway funded
by the federal government
• Steamboat- Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston
funded invented the Clermont, which chugged up
the Hudson 150 miles in just 32 hours.
• The Iron Horse- The R.R. began being used for
passenger travel in the early 1800s; coal
extraction was needed and increased.
New System of Production
• Industrial Revolution- Began in Britain in the
mid-1700s; use of machines, factories, mass
production with separate jobs for specifics.
• Free enterprise system- private property rights
allowed individuals to acquire capital and
decide how to use it without gov. restrictions.
• Textiles- Francis Lowell opened mills in Mass.
• Technologies- cotton gin (Whitney),
interchangeable parts, telegraph (Morse 1832)
Workers Start to Organize
• Labor Unions- local organization of workers to
ban together to improve labor conditions and
pay.
• Strikes- Work Stoppages
• Started off locally and then went nationally
eventually
Life in the North
• Industrialization created a boom in the
Northern economy
• Urban areas grew in population
• Dangers like crime and fire created a growing
need for public services
• Most citizens were still farmers and made low
incomes, but about 1/5 of population gained
wealth through commerce
Life in the South
• The cotton gin changed everything in the
south; 1792 = 6,000 bales of cotton, cotton gin
invented, by 1801 = 100,000 bales of cotton.
• Society in the South• 1.Planter• 2. Yeoman• 3. Enslaved-
Slavery
• Slaves had no legal rights; were property
• Resistance and rebellion were two ways to
cope with slavery; stayed close to roots
• Task system- used in small farms and
plantations; given specific daily jobs to do
• Gang system- large groups worked from dawn
to dusk doing various jobs on large plantations
• Fredrick Douglas- escaped slavery and became
a leader in the abolitionist movement.
Missouri Compromise
• Tried to temporarily resolve the growing
disagreement between the North and South
over the issue of slavery
• Missouri entered the Union as a slave state
while Maine entered the Union as a free state.
• Henry Clay (Kentucky House of Reps.) voted
for it and helped push it through Congress
Election of 1824
• Highlighted the growth in sectionalism
• 1824: All 4 candidates were republican; “favorite sons”
(represented a region and were supported there);
1. Henry Clay from Kentucky (West)
2. Andrew Jackson from Tennessee (West)
3. John Quincy Adams of Mass. (New England)
4. William Crawford of Georgia (South)
• American System: favored Natl. Bank, tariffs, &
internal improvements for America.
• John Quincy Adams wins in a “corrupt” tie-breaker
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njt2rCHBk7k
Election of 1828
• Andrew Jackson versus John Quincy Adams
• Mudslinging- criticizing each others personalities
and morals
• Jackson was called ignorant and too fiery
• Adams was called an out of touch aristocrat and
corrupt after the 1824 election
• Jackson (The people’s champ) won.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilKbDsRRBs0
A New Era in Politics
• States expanded voting rights in the late 1820s
• Jackson won presidency due to this democratic
environment
• Jackson opposed the nullification of South Carolina,
supported the Indian Removal Act and closed the
National Bank
• Suffrage- the right to vote
• Many states eliminated property ownership as a
requisite to vote
• Spoils System- giving gov. jobs based on loyalty.
• Caucus System- congress political members chose.
The Nullification Crisis
• High tariffs led southern states to claim states
can nullify or void federal laws.
• Tariff of Abominations in 1828 caused many
South Carolinians to want to secede
• Daniel Webster and Jackson defended the
Union; Robert Hayne and Calhoun states.
• Force Bill- authorized the president to use
military to defend acts of congress
Native American Policies
• Native Americans were forced to relocate to
western reservations
• Indian Removal Act- provided money for
relocating Native Americans
• Cherokee of Georgia hired lawyers to sue the
state of Georgia; won in the supreme court
• Jackson didn’t honor it; forced the Cherokee.
• Trail of Tears: Forced relocation of Cherokee;
roughly 4,000 died in camps and enroute.
A New Wave of Immigrants
• In the early 1800s, millions of Irish and Germans
immigrated to the U.S.
• Catholics encountered prejudice
• Nativism- hostility towards foreigners
• Second Great Awakening- reawakening of religion
in America, especially Protestantism.
• Joseph Smith- began Mormonism
• Some developed “utopian societies” away from
general society.
Cultural Renaissance
• Second Great awakening also awoke
philosophers and writers
• Romanticism- advocated feeling over reason,
inner spirituality over external laws, individual
above society and nature over man-made
environment.
• Transcendentalism- urged people to overcome
the limits of their mind and let souls reach out
Clips and Questions Time!
• In this clip, answer these:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMkz-Mrxs-c
1. What are the two sides arguing/fighting about?
2. Determine who you believe is right. Why?
• http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-october-92012/the-black-mormon-vote
1. What is the contradiction in being black and Mormon
as mentioned in the interview?
2. Analyze the outcome of the interview. What does it
tell you about race, religion and politics? 
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvJRdS1CaYQ
1. Analyze the video and determine which parts link
with the theme of Transcendentalism.
Reforming Society
• Dorothea Dix- improved conditions for the
mentally ill and facilities and treatment
• Beecher family led many different reforms
• Benevolent societies sprang up around the
country to promote God and social reform
• Temperance movement- moderation of the
consumption of alcohol
• Penitentiaries- turned prison into reformation
• Horace Mann- educational reform for public ed.
Early Women’s Movement
• Women were expected to be homemakers
and models for the children.
• In the early 1800s women wanted more rights
• True Womanhood- show children good morals
• Seneca Falls Convention- beginning of the
organized women’s movement
• Reformers continued gathering more rights
Abolitionists
• Gradualism- belief that slavery needed to be
ended gradually
• African Colonization Society- wanted to send
slaves back to Africa
• Abolition- slaves freed immediately
• William Lloyd Garrison- led this new
movement of abolition and emancipation;
founded the American Anti-slavery Society
African American Abolitionists
• Many Black supporters of Garrison began
speaking out.
• Many wrote to papers, gave speeches and
took part in demonstrations protesting slavery
• Fredrick Douglas- Published his own antislavery newspaper called the North Star
• Sojourner Truth- she gave religious based
speeches in New York and engaged many
Your turn to teach!!!!
• I get it, you’re thinking “What a lazy teacher,
having us do his job!”
• And, you are CORRECT!
• I want to see your skills and abilities put to the
test. You will be designing a mini lesson in your
groups today. When I say go, get into your small
groups that were assigned yesterday. You have 1
minute to get into groups and sit down, facing
each other.
• GO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Getting a Computer
• You are going to assign one person in your group to get
a computer from the cart.
• “Mr. Glenn, why can’t we all get computers?!”
• Let’s be honest, you don’t ALL need them.
• One person can find outside information about your
person while the others work on the poster itself.
• Pay attention to how the computers are put into the
cart, they need to be put back the same way.
• Two computers per slot, make sure each gets plugged
into the charger in the slot you are returning it to.
• WARNING: If they are not put back appropriately, we
may not use them in the future for other activities.
BEWARE!!
Your Poster Should Include:
-Your person’s name
-DOB-DOD
-The movement they were a
part of.
-A picture (drawn or cut out of
magazines)
-Be COLORFUL and CREATIVE
-Defend,
via persuasive
writing or propaganda,
why your person was the
most influential and
impacting leader of their
time. WHY DID THEY
ROCK?????????????????
-Ten facts your classmates need to
know about your individual’s
accomplishments and movement.
-These facts must lead to your
classmates ability to answer and
discuss your Costa Questions below.
-Try to give us some information we
don’t already know about the person
1. Level 1 Costa Q
2. Level 2 Costa Q
3. Level 3 Costa Q
-You need to try to lead a
discussion with this last one.
Think back to how we do our bell
ringers in class. Try to connect
these questions to something all
students can relate to. (use w.s.)
Response to Abolition
• Many people in both the North and South
opposed abolition for economic, political and
cultural reasons
• Northerners feared it would cause war, influx
of freed slaves to the North or would hurt the
National Economy
• Southerners thought slavery was vital, a
“national benefit,” and claimed slaves had no
desire for freedom.
The Western Pioneers
• Manifest Destiny- idea that God had given the
continent to America and wanted them to
settle westward.
• Squatters- people who settled on lands they
did not own.
• Inventions aided in settling and prosperity:
1. John Deere- engineered a steel-edged plow
2. Cyrus McCormick- made a mechanical reaper
Westward Migration
• Emigrant groups followed specific trails through
territory belonging to Native Americans.
• Mountain Men made their way by hunting and
trapping.
• Over-landers- used worn down trails to find their
way westward; took 5-6 months.
• Native Americans helped many Americans, but
grew increasingly angry over the Buffalo herds
migrations being disrupted.
• Mormon Migration- migrated West to escape
religious persecution; landed in Salt Lake area.
Mexican Independence
• In 1821 after more than a decade of fighting,
Mexico won it’s independence from Spain
• Mexico becomes secularized (transferred from
religious control to civil control)
• The northern borderlands were neglected as
Mexico tried to strengthen a national
government; Cali, New Mexico and Texas
What do you imagine will allow Americans to
settle in these areas?
California and New Mexico
• California:
1. Cattle Rancheros were able to get rich and buy
mass amounts of land.
2. Mestizos middle class; were craftsmen and
vaqueros (cowboys)
3. Native Americans were treated better than they
were under Spanish rule, but were exploited by
the Rancheros for work
• New Mexico: were not well protected by the
government from Native Americans and rebelled
against the state and killed the governor
Americans Arrive in Borderlands
• Trade between borderlands and America
increased when Mexico became independent
• Americans began settling in the Southwest
• Santa Fe Trail- opened up trade between
Santa Fe and Independence, MO
• After fifteen years Texas, with more Americans
than Mexicans, broke away from Mexico.
1. Compare and contrast these new areas of
land that begin being disputed over.
Independence for Texas
• Many Americans came to Texas on their own
but same came because of empresarios.
• Empresarios- agents or contractors with grants
of Texas land to fill with settlers.
• Settlers became Mexican citizens but few
adopted their customs, including Catholicism
• Mexico feared a separation of Texas and
closed their border and discouraged trade.
Texas goes to WAR
• When Mexico tried to enforce laws the Texans rebelled
and established an independent state
• Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- Mexican president
• Political instability made it hard for the Mexican Army
to form solid training and leadership.
• Small group of rebels drove the larger Mexican Army
out of San Antonio bc the Mexican army had no order
to attack.
• Texas declares independence March 2, 1836 and
drafted a constitution based on the U.S. and protected
slavery.
 HAVE YOU EVER HEARD “REMEMBER THE ALAMO!”?
The Alamo
• Sam Houston took command of the Texas rebel
military.
• The Alamo was an abandoned Catholic mission where
180 Texan rebels holed up against around 6,000
Mexican troops.
• Colonial Will Travis lead them to hold up the Mexican
Army, allowing Texas time to prepare.
• Held them off for 13 days.
• Eventually Texas wins and wanted annexation (joining
the U.S. as a state)
• Turn to a partner and discuss these next two questions:
 COMPARE THE ALAMO TO THERMOPYLAE (MOVIE 300)
 Why do you think The Alamo is a battle that we learn?
Texas still in Question
• In 1844 James K. Polk was elected President with
the promise to annex TX, OR and CA
• “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”- slogan that declared
the U.S. should control Oregon below the 54’ 40’
North line.
• Oregon is annexed in agreement with Britain and
Texas is annexed.
• Mexico is outraged and breaks relations with U.S.
• An envoy (representative) of America is sent to
negotiate buying CA; Mexico President Jose
Joaquin Herrera won’t meet with him.
War with Mexico
• The hostilities over the southwestern boundaries of
Texas lead to war
• Mexico sends troops to stop the advancement of
American troops into disputed lands.
• U.S. needed to expand their army to make Mexico
surrender; volunteers were untrained
• Rebellion in CA led to them declaring themselves
independent; Bear Flag Republic
• U.S. navy arrives in CA and declares it part of the U.S.
• U.S. seizes the capital via Veracruz; Mexico surrenders
• February 2, 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed
 WHY DOES CALIFORNIAS FLAG HAVE A BROWN BEAR
ON IT?
California
• Was made up of mostly cattle ranchers and
vaqueros.
• In 1849, thousands of people came to CA because
gold was discovered there.
• Gold rush brought thousands of people through
the desert to try and get rich quick
• The Donner Party resorted to cannibalism to
survive being snowed in while traveling West
 How did the west contrast with the East?
 Why do you believe people would move from the
comfort of their east homelands to the wild
west?
Slavery Issue takes the Lead
• Harriet Tubman was the most famous
“conductor” in the underground R.R.
• In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled
that Congress could not ban slavery in the
territories; Dred Scott asked the Supreme court
to free him saying that he was freed by spending
time in the North and living free for too long.
• John Brown raided the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry
to arm slaves and start a rebellion.
• Popular Sovereignty- People in new territories
should decide whether or not they have slavery.
More Compromises and Acts
• Kansas-Nebraska Act- Resulted in the rise of
the Republican Party;
• After the Kansas-Nebraska Act many
Northerners rushed to live there to create an
anti-slavery majority there.
• In the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay
grouped his resolutions in pairs so that each
pair offered concessions to both sides.
Lincoln
• Elected in 1860
• In his Inaugural Address Lincoln said he would
not interfere with slavery where it already
existed.
• He wanted to stop Maryland from seceding
because if it did, Washington D.C. would be
surrounded by Confederate Territory.
• “A house divided against itself cannot stand”
Secession
• South Carolina was the first state to secede
from the Union.
• SC seceded almost immediately after Lincoln
was elected and shots at Fort Sumter
• Many states seceded from the Union in the
border states; Missouri did not
• Confederate Constitution said that all states
are independent.