Name______________________________________________________________Section___
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Unit 4 - Skeletal System Review
The five functions of the skeletal system are 1.
Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral Storage
5. Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
List the four shapes of bones and give an example of each 1. Short - carpals, tarsals, calcaneus
2. Long - humerus, tibia, fibula
3. Flat - skull, sternum, ribs, scapula
4. Irregular - vertebrae, mandible, sacrum, pelvis (sesamoid - special short bone patella)
This type of bone is a special type of short bone that forms within
tendons.___sesamoid_______
List and describe the parts of a long bone.
1. Diaphysis - the long part
2. Epiphysis - the ends, covered in articular cartilage, articulate with other bones
3. Metaphysis - where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet
What type of cartilage makes up a fetal skeleton and can be found on the ends of long bones?
____articular (hyaline) cartilage______________
Compact bone is found on the outside of the bone while spongy bone is found on the interior of
the bone and contains ____marrow_____________.
Which body cavities do the axial skeleton support and protect? _______Ventral cavity________
Cranial Bones
Frontal
Lambdoid
Parietal
Sagittal
Temporal
Coronal
Occipital
Squamous
Sphenoid
Hyoid
Ethmoid
_Frontal______ 1. Forms the anterior portion of the cranium and roof of eye sockets
__Temporal___ 2. Form part of both the lateral walls of the cranium
_Sphenoid____ 3. Butterfly shaped bone that forms part of the floor of the cranium
_Parietal______ 4. Forms most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
_Ethmoid_____ 5. Most deep of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones
__Parietal_____6. These are the paired bones of the cranium
__Temporal___
_Lambdoid____7. These are the sutures of the cranium
__Sagittal_____ ____Coronal_____ ___Squamous____
__Hyoid______ 8. This is inferior to the mandible and does not articulate with any other bones
Vertebral Bones
Thoracic
Altas
Sacrum
Axis
Cervical
Lumbar
Coccyx
__Atlas_______ 1. The C1 is called this.
__Axis________ 2. The C2 is called this.
__Atlas_______ 3. This is the only vertebrae that does not have a body.
__Cervical____ 4. Starting with the most superior, the vertebral column consists of the following
vertebrae.
___Thoracic__ ___Lumbar____ ___Sacrum____ __Coccyx____
__Thoracic____ 5. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs.
What is the difference between the true ribs and the false ribs?
True ribs attach directly to the sternum. False ribs have an indirect connection.
Appendicular Skeleton
Ulna
Radius
Clavicle
Scapula
Ilium
Tibia
___Tiabia_____ 1. The large medial bone of the lower leg
___Ulna______ 2. The bones that support the forearm
___Radius____
___Clavicle___ 3. The bones that make up the pectoral girdle
__Scapula____
__Clavicle____ 4. The bone that is intermediate to the sternum and humerus
___Radius____ 5. The bone in the forearm that articulates with the wrist
__Ilium_______ 6. These bones make up the pelvic girdle
__Ischium____ ____Pubis_____
Ischium
Pubis
Describe the differences between the pelvis of a male versus a female.
Female - tilted forward, cavity is broad and shallow
Male - Tilted less forward, cavity is narrow and deep
Joints
List the six types of synovial joints and where they can be found in the body.
1. Gliding - wrist, ankles, sacroiliac joints, ribs 2 - 7 with sternum
2. Hinge - elbow, joints of the phalanges, knee, jaw
3. Pivot - joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna, the arch of the atlas rotates
around the dens of the axis
4. Condylar/Ellipsoidal - joints between the metacarpals and phalanges
5. Saddle/Sellar - joint between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb
6. Ball and Socket - hips and shoulder
Adipose tissue that protects articular cartilage and acts as packing tissue for the joint is called
____fat pads_________________.
Fractures
This fracture occurs when one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.
____Green Stick______________
This fracture
projects through the skin.
______Open or Compound_______
This type of fracture is produced by twisting.
_____Spiral________________________
This type of fracture results in shattered pieces.
__________Comminuted______________
Describe
what is
happening
in each
picture as it
relates to
bone
fractures
healing.
Step 1 - Extensive bleeding, fracture hematoma forms, dead bone extends along the shaft
Step 2 - Cell division occurs and migrates to the fracture area, hard skin forms, internal callus
organizes, broken ends are temporarily stabilized
Step 3 - Osteoblasts replace central cartilage with spongy bone, calluses form a brace at the fracture
site, if there was a cast, it can be removed at this stage
Step 4 - Osteoclasts and osteoblasts continue to remodel the bone, the bone could be slightly thicker
and stronger than normal at the fracture site
Disorders & Diseases
Scoliosis
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Osteoarthritis
_Osteoporosis___ 1. A reduction in bones mass that would
normal function
_Scoliosis_______ 2. Curvature of the spine
_Osteomalacia___ 3. Softening of the bones due to lack of Vitamin
__Osteoarthritis__ 4. Degenerative joint disease, mostly in weight
joints
compromise
D
bearing
__Osteoarthritis______
__Scoliosis_________
_Osteomalacia____