WHAT’S THE
MATTER?
MATTER VIDEO – 22 MIN
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdEmxInegfQ
EVERYTHING AROUND YOU IS MADE OF
MATTER.
MATTER – ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS
AND TAKES UP SPACE
WHAT ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF THINGS
THAT ARE NOT MATTER?
Heat, Light, Sound-have no mass and do
not take up space.
MATTER HAS 4 STATES
SOLIDS
Hold their own shape
Have weight
Take up space
LIQUIDS
Take the shape of their container
Have weight
Take up space
GASES
Spread out to fill the entire space given
Have weight
Take up space
PLASMA
Is a lot like gas, but the particles are
electrically charged
Lightning is a plasma
Plasma also used in fluorescent light
bulbs and neon lights
HOW CAN MATTER MOVE FROM STATE
TO STATE?
ANSWER: CHANGES IN ENERGY!
PARTICLES IN SOLIDS
Packed tightly together
Have very little energy
PARTICLES IN LIQUIDS
Loosely packed together
Have medium energy levels
PARTICLES IN GASES
Move freely
Have LOTS of energy
PARTICLE MOVEMENT IN THE DIFFERENT
STATES OF MATTER
Particles in Motion
“HOLD STILL!”
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLSpXaokFkc
“AFRO CIRCUS”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p440QWpHui8
 Assign three students to each hold a poster with the three states of matter. (Solid,
Liquid, Gas)
 When Zebra is dancing at a fast pace the person with gas poster must wave
it around quickly / dance.
 When Zebra is dancing normal wave the liquid poster at a normal speed /
slower dance.
 When Zebra is dancing at a slow pace wave the solid poster at a slow
speed / slow motion dance.
BASED ON THE VIDEO, WHICH IS A SOLID,
LIQUID, AND GAS?
LIQUID
GAS
SOLID
PARTICLES IN PLASMA
Electrically charged
Have EXTREMELY high energy levels
IDENTIFY THE 4 STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA
“THEY MIGHT BE GIANTS”
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btGu9FWSPtc
DIFFUSION: RANDOM MOVEMENT OF
MOLECULES
DIFFUSION: RANDOM MOVEMENT OF
MOLECULES.
 From high to low concentrations
WHY DO SUBSTANCES ALWAYS FLOW FROM HIGH
CONCENTRATIONS TO LOW CONCENTRATIONS?
ANSWER! KINETIC MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES
CAUSES PARTICLES TO MOVE TO OPEN AREAS
HEAT DIFFUSION THROUGH A ROOM
ACTIVITY! MAKING THE ROOM SMELL GOOD.
TEACHER WILL STAND IN ONE PLACE AND RELEASE
SOME SPRAY.
RAISE YOUR HAND WHEN YOU SMELL IT!
WHAT ARE THE MOLECULES DOING?
ANSWER: THE MOLECULES ARE
TRYING TO REACH EQUILIBRIUM
MATTER IN MIXTURES
Mixtures are two or more substances
which have been combined such that
each substance retains its own chemical
properties.
Example: flour and sugar mixed
together, trail mix, chex mix
MATTER IN COMPOUNDS
Compounds are two or more
substances that when combined have
different chemical properties than they
do by themselves.
Example: Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
combine to form water molecules,
H2O
MIXTURES
May be in different phases, solid, liquid,
gas, or plasma
ADD OR SUBTRACT ENERGY…
WHEN WE ADD ENERGY, WHAT WILL
HAPPEN? WHY?
SOLID + ENERGY= ?
LIQUID + ENERGY= ?
CHANGING STATES
There are several names for when
matter changes states:
State Change
Phase Change
Physical Change
CHANGING STATES
All matter can move from one state to
another.
It may require extreme temperatures or
extreme pressures, but it can be done.
CHANGING STATES
Chemistry Term
Phase Change
 Fusion/Melting
 Solid to Liquid
 Freezing
 Liquid to Solid
 Vaporization/Boiling
 Liquid to Gas
 Condensation
 Gas to Liquid
 Sublimation
 Solid to Gas
 Deposition
 Gas to Solid
ARE WE GETTING SOMETHING NEW?
Ice cream and melted ice cream?
Chocolate and melted chocolate?
Ice, water, and vapor?
Steel and molten steel?
Answer: No! These changes are only physical and
do not change the chemical composition of these
things (they are still made up of the same “stuff”)
CHEMICAL VS. PHYSICAL CHANGES
 Chemical changes happen on a molecular level
when you have two or more molecules that interact.
 Chemical changes happen when atomic bonds are
broken or created during chemical reactions.
 Example: Water is created when a bond forms
between Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms (see image
below)
 Will learn more about atoms and bonding later 
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER DEMO
 Weigh Alka-Seltzer and water solution tablet in grams _____
 Weigh 100 ml of water in grams ______
 Pour water into sandwich size Zip-Lock bag.
 Predict the mass if we add Alka-Seltzer to the water bag and
immediately seal the bag.
 Predict the mass if we add Alka-Seltzer to the water bag and don’t seal
the bag.
Gas
Solid
Liquid
ACTIVITY! LAW CONSERVATION OF
MATTER
SECURE A BIRTHDAY CANDLE TO A PETRIDISH AND WEIGH ALL.
LIGHT CANDLE ON A SCALE AND
RECORD THE WEIGHT OF THE CANDLE
EVERY MINUTE FOR 10 MINUTES
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER - IN ANY
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE, MATTER
IS NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED.
EXAMPLE OF LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MATTER