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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ARE:[1] PRODUCTION OF MALE HORMONES.
[2] FORMATION OF SPERMS.
[3] PLACEMENT OF SPERMS IN THE
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT.
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS:• SCROTUM:- TEMPERATURE REGULATION
AND PROTECTION OF THE TESTES.
• TESTES:- SPERMS PRODUCTION & THE
SECRETION OF MALE SEX HORMONES.
• DUCTS:- STORE & TRANSPORT SPERMS.
• ACCESSORY GLANDS:- SECRETION OF
THE FLUID PART OF THE SEMEN.
• PENIS:- MALE ORGAN OF COPULATION.
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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TESTES
• COVERED BY A MEMBRANE OF FIBROUS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND CONTAIN:• SEMINEFEROUS TUBULES LINED WITH
SPERMATOGENIC CELLS THAT DEVELOP
TO FORM SPERMS AND SUPPORTING
CELLS FOR THE SPERMS NOURISHMENT.
• INTERSTITIAL CELLS SECRETE THE MALE
SEX HORMONES CALLED ANDROGENS.
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TESTES
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SPERMATOGENESIS
• IS THE PROCESS THAT PRODUCE SPERMS
• IT START AT PUPERTY AND PROCEED IN
THE FOLLOWING STEPS:• SPERMATOGONIA DIVIDE BY MITOSIS TO
FORM PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES.
• PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES DIVIDE BY
MEIOSIS TO FORM SECONDARY
SPERMATOCYTES.
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SPERMATOGENESIS
• SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES DIVIDE BY
MEIOSIS TO FORM SPERMATIDS.
• SPERMATIDS UNDERGO STRUCTURAL
CHANGES IN SHAPE TO FORM SPERMS.
• A MATURE SPERM CELL CONSIST OF A
HEAD, BODY AND FLAGELLUM TAIL.
• THE HEAD CONTAIN THE NUCLEUS AND
IS COVERED BY THE ACROSOME.
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SPERMATOGENESIS
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SPERMATOGENESIS
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SUPPORTING CELL
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THE SPERM
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SPERMS
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DUCTS
• EPIDIDYMIS:- SPERM CELLS MATURE AS
THEY MOVE THROUGH THE EPIDIDYMIS.
• VAS DEFERENS:- MOVE SPERMS FROM
EPIDIDYMIS TO EJACULATORY DUCT.
• EJACULATORY DUCT:- MOVE SPERMS &
FLUID FROM SEMINAL VESICLES INTO
THE URETHRA.
• URETHRA:- URINE DURING URINATION
AND SEMEN DURING EJACULATION.
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ACCESSORY GLANDS
• SECRETE THE ALKALINE FLUID PART OF
THE SEMEN THAT NEUTRALIZE ACIDITY.
• SEMINAL VESICLES:- ALKALINE FLUID
CONTAINING FRUCTOSE FOR SPERMS
NUTRITION AND ENERGY.
• PROSTATE:- ALKALINE SECRETION THAT
ACTIVATE SPERMS MOVEMENT.
• BULBOURETHRAL: ALKALINE MUCUSLIKE
SECRETION FOR LUBRICATION.
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PENIS
• BODY OF PENIS IS MADE FROM THREE
COLUMNS OF ERECTILE TISSUE:• TWO CORPORA CAVERNOSA
• ONE CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
• GLANS PENIS IS MADE BY EXPANSION OF
THE CORPUS SPONGIOSUM.
• PREPUCE IS A SKIN SHEATH COVERING
THE GLANS PENIS.
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HORMONAL REGULATION SYSTEM
• HYPOTHALAMUS:- GONADOTROPIN
RELEASING HORMONE [GnRH].
• PITUITARY:-LUTEINIZING HORMONE [LH]
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE [FSH]
• TESTES:- TESTOSTERONE.
• NEGATIVE FEEDBACK FROM HIGH LEVELS
OF TESTOSTERONE INHIBIT LH, FSH AND
GnRH SECRETIONS.
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HORMONAL REGULATION SYSTEM
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ARE:[1] PRODUCTION OF FEMALE HORMONES.
[2] FORMATION OF THE OVUM.
[3] DEVELOPMENT OF THE OFFSPRINGS.
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS:• OVARIES:- PRODUCE HORMONES & OVA.
• UTERINE TUBES:- TRANSPORT THE OVA.
• UTERUS:- OFFSPRING DEVELOPMENT.
• CERVIX:- PROTECTION OF UTERUS.
• VAGINA:- BIRTH CANAL & THE FEMALE
ORGAN OF COPULATION.
• EXTERNAL GENITALIA:- CLITORIS, LABIA
MAJORA AND LABIA MINORA.
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
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FEMAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
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FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
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THE BREAST
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE BREAST DUCTS AND
•
•
•
DEPOSITION OF FAT IN THE BREAST TISSUE IS
STIMULATED BY ESTROGEN.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BREAST ALVEOLI IS
STIMULATED BY PROGESTRONE.
MILK PRODUCTION BY BREAST ALVEOLI IS
STIMULATED BY PROLACTIN.
MILK – LET – DOWN OR MILK - EJECTION IS
STIMULATED BY OXYTOCIN.
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THE BREAST
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OOGENESIS
IS THE PROCESS OF OVA FORMATION
OOGONIA > PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE >
PRIMARY FOLLICLE > SECONDARY
FOLLICLE > MATURE FOLLICLE >
OVULATION & RELEASE OF OVUM >
CORPUS LUTEUM > CORPUS ALBICANS
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OOGENESIS
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MATURE FOLLICLE & OOCYTE
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THE OOCYTE
• PRIMARY OOCYTE > FIRST MEIOTIC
DIVISION > SECONDARY OOCYTE & THE
FIRST POLAR BODY.
• IF FERTILIZED, SECONDARY OOCYTE >
SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION > ZYGOTE &
SECOND POLAR BODY.
• BOTH POLAR BODIES DEGENERATE.
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THE OOCYTE
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OOGENESIS & THE OOCYTE
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THE FEMALE HORMONES
• HYPOTHALAMUS:- GONADOTROPIN
RELEASING HORMONE [GnRH].
• PITUITARY:-LUTEINIZING HORMONE [LH]
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE [FSH]
PROLACTIN [PRL]
• OVARY:DEVELOPING FOLLICLE:- ESTROGEN.
CORPUS LUTEUM:- PROGESTRONE.
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THE FEMALE HORMONES FUNCTIONS
• FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE [FSH]
STIMULATE FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT,
MATURATION & ESTROGEN SECRETION.
• LUTEINIZING HORMONE [LH] STIMULATE
THE CORPUS LUTEUM FORMATION AND
PROGESTRONE SECRETION.
• PROLACTIN [PRL] STIMULATE BREAST
ALVEOLI MILK PRODUCTION.
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ESTROGEN FUNCTIONS
• GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.
• DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE SECONDARY
SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS.
• GROWTH OF UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM.
• GROWTH OF THE BREAST DUCT SYSTEM.
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PROGESTRONE FUNCTIONS
• STIMULATION OF UTERINE GLANDS
SECRETION.
• GROWTH OF THE BREAST ALVEOLI.
• INHIBITION OF UTERINE MUSCLES
CONTRACTIONS DURING PREGNANCY
TO PREVENT EXPULSION OF THE FETUS
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THE FEMALE MENSTRUAL CYCLES
• ARE CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM THAT ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY PERIODIC VAGINAL
BLEEDING.
THEY OCCUR AT THE SAME TIME AS:• OVARIAN CYCLE
• UTERINE CYCLE
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OVERIAN CYCLE
• FOLLICULAR PHASE:- THE DEVELOPMENT
OF ONE PRIMARY FOLLICLE TO FORM A
MATURE FOLLICLE. {ESTROGEN}
• OVULATION:- RUPTURE OF THE MATURE
FOLLICLE TO RELEASE THE OVUM.
• LUTEAL PHASE:- FORMATION OF THE
CORPUS LUTEUM FROM THE RUPTURED
MATURE FOLLICLE. {PROGESTRONE}
DEATH OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM WILL
FORM A CORPUS ALBICANS.
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UTERINE CYCLE
• MENSTRUATION:- BREAKDOWN OF THE
UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM AND VAGINAL
BLEEDING DUE TO LOW ESTROGEN AND
PROGESTRONE LEVELS.
• PROLIFERATIVE PHASE:- GROWTH OF
THE UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM UNDER
ESTROGEN STIMULATION.
• SECRETORY PHASE:- STIMULATION OF
THE UTERINE GLANDS SECRETION BY
PROGESTRONE.
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THE MENSTRUAL CYCLES
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BIRTH CONTROL METHODS
• HORMONAL METHODS:PILL–PATCH– NORPLANT – DEPO-PROVERA
• BARRIERS:CONDOM - DIAPHRAM - CERVICAL CAP
• OTHERS:SPERMICIDES – RHYTHM -TUBAL LIGATION
– VASECTOMY – INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
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CONDOM
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A DIAPHRAM &
SPERMICIDE JELLY
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SPERMICIDE GEL
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THE PILLS
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INTRAUTERINE
DEVICE {IUD}
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