Anatomy of Reproduction
Exploring Reproductive
Systems
Male Reproductive Organs
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Testicles- Produce Sperm &
Testosterone. There are two testicles
present in male animals.
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Sperm- Male sex cells
Testosterone- Causes the behavior &
appearance of an animal to be
masculine.
Male Reproductive Organs
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Epididymis- Storage site for sperm
cells. The cells enter the epididymis
from the testicle to mature.
There is a separate epididymis
attached to each testicle.
Male Reproductive Organs
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Scrotum- Two-lobed sac that contains
and protects the two testicles &
regulates testicle temperature.
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When the environment temp. is low, the
scrotum contracts pulling the testicle into
the body for warmth.
When the temp. is high, the scrotum
relaxes, letting them hang away from the
body.
Male Reproductive Organs
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Vas Deferens- a transportation tube
that carries the sperm containing fluid
from each epididymis to the urethra.
Urethra- Large, muscular canal
extending from the urinary bladder.
Semen and urine move through the
urethra to the end of the penis.
Male Reproductive Organs
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Seminal Vesicles- Open into the urethra.
They produce a fluid that protects and
transports sperm.
Prostate gland- Produces a fluid that is
mixed with the seminal fluid.
Cowper’s Gland- Produces a fluid that
moves down the urethra ahead of the
seminal fluid to clean & neutralize the
urethra.
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All of this mixed together is called SEMEN.
Male Reproductive Organs
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Penis- Deposits semen within the
female reproductive system.
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The urethra is surrounded by spongy
tissue that fills with blood when the male
is sexually aroused.
This causes an erection that is necessary
for copulation (mating).
Male Reproductive Organs
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Sigmoid flexure- (found in bulls, rams
& boars) and the retractor muscle
extend the penis from the SHEATH.
Sheath- A tubular fold of skin that
protects the penis.
Reproductive Anatomy
Exploring Female
Reproduction
Female Reproductive Organs
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Ovary- Produces female gametes.
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Gamete is a sex cell that can unite with
other sex cells. These are called ova or
eggs.
Ovaries also produce female sex
hormones, estrogen & progesterone.
Within each ovary there are tiny follicles.
The eggs are produced in these follicles.
Female Reproductive Organs
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Oviducts- Two tubes that carry the
ova from the ovaries to the uterus.
They are also called fallopian tubes.
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They are close, but not attached to the
ovaries. The funnel-shaped end of each
oviduct is called the infundibulum.
At ovulation the follicle ruptures,
releasing an egg that is caught by the
infundibulum.
Female Reproductive Organs
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Uterus- Y-shaped structure consisting of the
body, two uterine horns and the cervix. The
size and shape varies among species.
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Animals who have large numbers during birth,
typically have large horns and a small body.
Animals who have single or twin births have
small horns and a larger body.
The fetus grows within the uterus, and that is
where it remains until parturition (birth).
Female Reproductive Organs
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Cervix-Composed of connective tissue
that is the gateway between the uterus
and the vagina.
Vagina- Serves as the female organ of
copulation at mating and as the birth
canal during parturition.
Female Reproductive Organs
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Vulva- External opening of the reproductive
and urinary systems.
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Labia majora- Exterior, visible part of the vulva,
consisting of two folds.
Labia minora- Two folds located just inside the
labia majoria.
Clitoris- Sensory and erectile organ of the
female, located just inside the vulva.
Produces sexual stimulation during
copulation.
Other Things to Know…
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When a sperm fertilizes the ova, a
zygote is created.
Zygote- Fertilized egg cell.
Fertilization occurs in the oviduct.
2-4 days after fertilization the cell will
move to the uterus, where it will stay
until parturition.
Reproduction Anatomy
Avian
Male Reproduction
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Male poultry have testicles, but they
are located inside the body, opposed
to the scrotum.
The Vas Deferens carry the seminal
fluid & sperm cells to the Cloaca.
Cloaca- Enlarged part where the large
intestine joins the end of the
alimentary canal.
Male Reproduction
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Alimentary Canal- Food carrying
passage that begins at the mouth and
ends at the vent.
Papilla- The organ in the wall of the
cloaca that puts the sperm cells into
the hens reproductive tract.
Female Anatomy
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The chicken does have two ovaries
and two oviducts.
Only the LEFT ovary & oviduct
function. The right is obsolete.
The OVA produced in the ovary turns
into egg yolk.
Female Anatomy
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The Oviduct has 5 parts.
Funnel- Receives the yolk from the
ovary. The sperm a chicken receives
stays here.
Magnum- Secrets the thick white of
the egg. It takes around 3 hours for the
white to be placed around the yolk in
the magnum.
Female Anatomy
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Isthmus- The yolk & white move here,
two shell membranes are placed
around the yolk & white. It takes 1.25
hours.
Uterus- The thin white & outer shell
are placed around the egg. It stays
here for about 20 hours.
Female Anatomy
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Vagina- From the uterus, the egg
moves here. The egg stays here only a
short time before it is laid. It takes
about 25-27 hours to produce one egg.
How It Happens
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Male Papillae deposits sperm in the
cloacal wall of he female.
Sperm moves up the oviduct to the
funnel, where it is fertilized.
Sperm Cells remain the oviduct 2-3
weeks after mating.
Other Things…
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The YOLK provides nourishment, just
like an umbilical cord in mammals. It
also provides passive immunity, like
colostrum.
The egg white is called an ALBUMIN.
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It serves as a shock absorber for the
developing embryo.