1. Which aspects of the world around us
influence the way we think?
2. What is critical thinking?
Time and Place
Trusting your feelings
Mass Culture
Believing without analyzing
Manipulation
Problem solving
Psychology
Testing claims and arguments to
determine which have merit
All of the Above
None of the Above
3. Critical thinkers…
Acknowledge what they do not
understand
4. Assumptions…
Impede knowledge
Strive for understanding
Are often unconscious
Base judgments on evidence
Stifle curiosity
Seek a balanced view
All of the above
Control their feelings
None of the above
All of the above
None of the above
5. Which kind of evidence is most
reliable?
Group A- Personal Experience,
Unpublished Report, Eyewitness
Testimony, Celebrity Testimony
Group B - Published Report, Expert
Opinion, Experiment, Statistics, Survey
Group A
Group B
7. How can you become a better critical
thinker?
Knowing yourself
Understanding why you
think and believe the way you do
Anticipating thinking
patterns that might undermine critical
thinking
Being observant
All of the above
None of the above
6. In order for an argument to be sound
the premise must be correct and the
reasoning must be valid. Which of the
two arguments below is the best
example of a sound argument?
Argument A- Kermit speaks English,
Kermit is a Frog, Therefore, Frogs speak
English
Argument B- All men are mortal,
Socrates is a man, Therefore, Socrates is
mortal
Kermit
Socrates
8. Which approach makes analysis more
manageable?
Limiting the issue/topic
Keeping an issue/topic as
large as possible
9. Number the steps for the critical thinking strategy that is presented in Beyond Feelings.
__When you identify an issue, clarify it by listing its aspects and raising probing questions about
each
__Evaluate your findings, then form and express your judgment
__Know yourself and remain mindful the ways in which your habits of mind undermine your
treatment of issue
__Conduct a thorough inquiry, obtaining all relevant facts and informed opinions
__Be observant and reflect on what you see and hear
10. Match the errors of perspective with their definitions.
A. All change is bad
__Unwarranted Assumption Read Answer Items
B. Taking something for granted
__Either/Or Outlook Read Answer Items
__Mindless Conformity Read Answer Items
C. All change is good
__Relativism Read Answer Items
D. Believing there are only two views
and only one of them is right
__Absolutism Read Answer Items
E. The belief that there must be rules
with no exceptions
__Bias for Change Read Answer Items
__Bias Against Change Read Answer Items
F. Believing what everyone else
believes
G. Whatever a person believes is true
for him or her
11. Match the errors of procedure with their definitions
A. A judgment made with insufficient
evidence
B. Simplifying something so much
it distorts the ideas
C. To ascribe to all members of a
group what fit only some members
D. Believing that when one thing
occurs after another, it must be the
result (i.e., cause and effect)
E. Seeking only evidence that
favors your bias
F. Using one standard of
judgment for your ideas and another
standard for ideas you disagree with
G. A fixed generalization, usually
negative
__Biased Consideration of Evidence Read Answer Items
__Double Standard Read Answer Items
__Hasty Conclusion Read Answer Items
__Overgeneralization Read Answer Items
__Stereotype Read Answer Items
__Oversimplification Read Answer Items
__Post Hoc Fallacy Read Answer Items
12. Match the errors of expression with their definitions
A. Because most people believe it, you
should too
__Contradiction Read Answer Items
B. Unquestionably accepting an authority
and assuming that authority never makes
errors
__Arguing in a Circle Read Answer Items
__Meaningless Statement Read Answer Items
C. Arguing that we should do something
a certain way because we've always done it
that way
__Mistaken Authority Read Answer Items
__False Analogy Read Answer Items
D. Moderation is always best
__Irrational Appeal to Emotion Read Answer Items
E. Ascribing authority to someone who
does not possess it
F. Tolerance is always good
G. Lacking substance
H. Attempting to explain something
unfamiliar by comparing it to something
familiar, but really comparing two things
which are so dissimilar the comparison is
invalid
__Irrational Appeal to Tradition Read Answer Items
__Irrational Appeal to Moderation Read Answer Items
__Irrational Appeal to Authority Read Answer Items
__Irrational Appeal to Common Belief Read Answer Items
__Irrational Appeal to Tolerance Read Answer Items
I. Attempting to prove a statement by
repeating it in a different form
J. When a person says one thing now and
another thing later
K. Appealing to the reader's sense of fear,
resentment, love of family or country, or pity
when it is not appropriate
13. Match the errors of reaction to their definitions.
A.
Putting false words in another's
mouth then exposing their "falsity"
B. Attempting to discredit someone
instead of dealing with the questions
they raise about your argument
__Automatic Rejection Read Answer Items
__Changing the Subject Read Answer Items
__Shifting the Burden of Proof Read Answer Items
C. Abruptly turning the discussion in
a different direction
D. Demanding that others disprove
your assertions
__Straw Man Read Answer Items
__Attacking the Critic Read Answer Items
E. To reject criticism without giving it
a fair hearing
14. Which is not a key element in persuading others?
Assuming that the audience is stupid
Beginning with something you have in common with the audience
Using understatement whenever possible
Conceding where the opposing side has a point
Acknowledging (rather than ignoring) relevant facts