Acids and Bases
name ___________________________________________ period __
Compare & Contrast WS
Bases
Acids
Acids are compounds that add H+ ions to water
when in a solution.
H+
Cl-
Cl-
in water…
H+
HCl –
Hydrochloric Acid:
A very strong acid
In Water, it breaks up
(dissociates) and
adds H+ ions to the
Solution
Bases are compounds that add OH – ions to water when in a
solution.
in water…
O-2
Na+
O-2
Na+
H+
H+
In water,
bases break
NaOH –
up (dissociate)
the OH- ion
adding OH- to
Sodium hydroxide
the solution
a very strong base.
Many of our foods are acidic:
Citrus fruits (lemons, oranges), apples, tomato
Vinegar, pickles, mustard….
Many of our cleaning products are basic:
Acids taste sour and feel “squeaky” when you
rub your fingers together
Bases taste bitter and feel slippery.
Ammonia (found in Windex), soap, bleach,
old fashioned oven cleaners, drano drain cleaner
Strong acids and bases---- ionize almost completely in water, contributing many ions.
Strong acids and bases can burn your skin or eyes!
Weak acids and bases ----- ionize only a little in water (incompletely) contributing just a few ions to the solution.
pH - Measure of Acids and Bases
NEUTRALIZATION
When acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize each other. If an equal concentration of acid and base are
mixed, they make neutral salt water.
(We neutralize stomach acid with antacids. Antacids are bases.)
Neutralization Reaction Example:
HCl + NaOH ---- > H2O + NaCl
Acid + Base ---- > Water + Salt (salt water)
O-2
H+
H+ ion from acid
H+
+
OH- ion from base --------- >
H+
O-2
H+
water (neutral)
pH and Acid Rain
Plants and animals need water close to neutral (pH 7 ) to survive.
Due to pollution from combustion reactions, rain today can be acidic.
Rain less than pH 5.6 is called acid rain.
Acid rain can kill plants, kill fish, cause asthma, and other physical problems.
Acid rain also eats away pavement, brick, rock, statues, and historical landmarks.
The Roman ruins , the pyramids of Egypt and other treasures of the world
are being slowly dissolved away by acid rain. More damage has been done
in the last century than in the last 2000 years.
Without stopping pollution (and acid rain) these treasures may be lost forever.
____ 1. Acid
A. To mix acids and bases; to cancel
each other out; to make salt water.
____ 2. Base
____ 3. Neutral
B. A compound that adds H+ and OH –
ions to water.
___ 4. Neutralize
C. Equal number of H+ and OH – ions;
water is an example.
____5. Acid Rain
D. A compound that adds OH- ions to
water.
____ 6. pH
____ 7. Salt Water
____ 8. Strong Acid
____ 9. Weak Base
____10. Weak acid
E. When pollution causes rain to be
acidic (pH of less than 5.6 )
A. The measure of acids
and bases
B. A compound that adds a
few OH- ions to water
C. The product of a
neutralization reaction
between acid & base.
D. A compound that adds
a few H+ ions to water.
E. A compound that adds a
lot of H+ ions to water.
Circle the acids and underline the bases.
HCl
H2CO3
H3PO4
H2SO4
NaOH
Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
HNO3
KOH
LiOH
HF
Solution A (pH 4 )
Solution B (pH 2)
Which one has more H+ ions?__________
Which one has less OH- ions?___________
ACID (A) or BASE (B) ?
Has fewer OH- ions: _____
pH of 1 to 7 : _____
Solution C (pH 11 )
Has more H+ ions : _____
pH of 7 to 14 : _____
Which one has more OH- ions?________
Has fewer H+ ions: _____
feels slippery : _____
Which one has less H+ ions?__________
Has more OH – ions: _____
tastes sour: _____
Circle names that WILL use “hydro” in the naming the acid:
HBr
H2SO3
HF
Circle the bases that DO need a roman numeral
H3C2O4
in the name:
HClO3
Only 2 symbols
HI
Solution D (pH 2)
HC2O3H2
more than 2 symbols
LiOH
CuOH
Fe(OH)3
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Complete and balance this neutralization equation:
____ KOH + ______ H2SO4 -------- > ______________ + ______________
Al(OH)3
Cr(OH)2