Simple harmonic motion
a type of periodic motion where the restoring
force is directly proportional to the displacement.
Examples:
Uniform circular motion
• one-dimensional projection
•An undamped spring–mass system
undergoes simple harmonic motion.
Mass on a simple pendulum
•The motion of an undamped Pendulumapproximates
to simple harmonic motion if the amplitude is very small
relative to the length of the rod.
Linear motion
(also called rectilinear motion) is motion along
a straight line, and can therefore be described
mathematically using only one
spatial dimension.
Example:
The linear motion system plays a vital
role in any linear CNC machine, and
CNC routers are no exception. Without
these systems coupled with a drive
system, a CNC router would be of little
use.
types:
• uniform linear motion, with constant velocity or zero
acceleration;
• non uniform linear motion, with variable velocity or
non-zero acceleration.
Reciprocating motion
It is also called reciprocation, is a repetitive
up-and-down or back-and-forth motion. It is
found in a wide range of mechanisms,
including reciprocating engines and pumps.
The two opposite motions that comprise a single
reciprocation cycle are called strokes.
Example:
Machine demonstrating
conversion of rotary motion to
reciprocating motion using gears.
The bottom pair of gears drives
the mechanism.
Brownian motion
Brownian motion (named after the botanist Robert
Brown) or pedesis (fromGreek: "leaping") is the
presumably random drifting of particles suspended in a
fluid (a liquid or a gas) or the mathematical model
used to describe such random movements, which is
often called a particle theory.
ILLUSTRATION
Circular motion
A movement of an object along the circumference of
a circle or rotation along a circular path or a
circular orbit.
It can be uniform, that is, with constant angular rate of
rotation (and thus constant speed), or non-uniform,
that is, with a changing rate of rotation.
Rotation around a fixed axis
The rotation around a fixed axis of a
three-dimensional body involves circular
motion of its parts.
An example of rotation. Each part of
the worm drive—both the worm and
the worm gear—is rotating on its own
axis.
Curvilinear motion
An object moving in a curved path. Curvilinear motion
describes the motion of a moving particle that conforms
to a known or fixed curve. The study of such motion
involves the use of two such co-ordinate systems with the
first being Planar motion and the latter being Cylindrical
Motion.
Example: A stone thrown into the air in an angle.
Types of Curvilinear motion
•Planar Motion
•Cylindrical Components
Rotation
A rotation is a circular movement of an object around
a center (or point) of rotation. A three
dimensional object rotates always around an
imaginary line called a rotation axis.
A polyhedron resembling a
sphere rotating around an
axis.
Scalar
Some examples of scalars include the mass, charge, or
the temperature, or electric potential at a point inside a
medium. The distance between two points in threedimensional space is a scalar, but the direction from
one of those points to the other is not, since describing
a direction requires two physical quantities such as the
angle on the horizontal plane and the angle away from
that plane. Force cannot be described using a scalar,
since force is composed of direction and magnitude,
however, the magnitude of a force alone can be
described with a scalar, for instance the gravitational
force acting on a particle is not a scalar, but its
magnitude is. The speed of an object is a scalar (e.g.
180 km/h), while its velocity is not
(i.e. 180 km/h north).
Examples of scalar quantities in
Newtonian mechanics:
electric charge and charge density
An example of a pseudo scalar is the scalar
triple product (see vector), and thus the
signed volume. Another example is
magnetic charge (as it is mathematically
defined, regardless of whether it actually
exists physically).
1.Using north/south and east/west reference
axes, vector "A" is oriented in the NE quadrant
with a direction of 45 north of theoEW axis.
Giving direction to scalar "A” makes it a vector.
The length of "A" is
Representative of its magnitude or displacement.
1. The two opposite motions that comprise a single
reciprocation cycle are called______
2. repeated motion such as up and down or back and
forth
3. Two types of curvilinear motion
4.
5. a circular movement of an object around a center
6. Example of this is A stone thrown into the air in
an angle.
7. The Greek name of this motion is PEDESIS
8. Who is the botanist that related to the motion of
preceding no. (#7)
9. is a simple physical quantity that is not changed by
coordinate system rotations
10. also called rectilinear motion