Final Exam Review
Prehistoric/Native Texas
• How did the Ancient Texans cross into the
northern hemisphere?
– Bering Strait
• What is the Columbian Exchange?
– The exchange of animals, plants, culture, DISEASES,
and ideas as a result of Columbus’ voyage.
• Explain the term cultural diffusion.
– Borrowing and integrating ideas specific to one group
of people into the culture of another.
– Example: Americans eating Chinese food, Spaniards
spreading the Catholic faith to Native Americans
Exploration
• Columbus discovered America in the year 1492.
• Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs at
Tenochtitlan in the year 1519. He was the first to
conquer land for Spain.
• Reasons for European Exploration
– Gold, Glory, God
• What happened when Cabeza de Vaca
shipwrecked at Galveston?
– He met the natives who got sick from the European
diseases. He became a shaman & explored Texas.
Spanish Colonization/Missions
• The Spanish set up missions to convert the
Natives to the Catholic faith.
• What was the purpose of presidios?
– To protect the missions.
• When and where was San Antonio de Valero
established?
– 1718 in San Antonio
Anglo Colonization
• Define empresario.
– A land agent.
List 3 significant empresarios:
– Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, Erasmo
Seguin, Martin de Leon
• Why was Texas so appealing to Americans?
– Fertile farmland, abundant natural resources, plenty of
land near oceans and rivers for easy access to water for
irrigation and shipping of goods.
• Explain the Colonization Laws of 1825.
– Citizens had to become Catholic.
– Limited the amount of land they could purchase.
Revolution
• Why did William B. Travis write his famous letter
from the Alamo?
– He needed help (reinforcements & supplies)
• How did the Goliad Massacre impact the Texas
Revolution?
– It made the Texans band together to fight harder.
• Why is the Battle of San Jacinto significant?
– It ended the Texas Revolution when we captured
Santa Anna
• What was the end result of the Texas Revolution?
– Texas gained freedom from Mexico
Republic of Texas
• Houston
– Wanted to join the U.S.
– Tried to keep peace with the Natives
– Tried to cut spending to reduce debt
• Lamar
– Thought Texas would be an independent nation
reaching to the Pacific. (Opposed annexation)
– Ordered the removal of Natives
– Increased the debt
Annexation
• List 3 reasons why the U.S. was hesitant to annex
Texas.
– Texas was a slave state & they did not want to add
another slave state.
– Mexico did not recognize Texas independence.
– They did not want to damage relations with Mexico.
• What were the terms of the Treaty of Annexation
in 1845?
– Debts owed by the Republic of Texas would be paid.
– Texas could be divided into more states, if the people
approved it.
Mexican War
• What is Manifest Destiny?
– The belief that the U.S. would reach from the Atlantic
to the Pacific Ocean.
• How did the Mexican War contribute to fulfilling
Manifest Destiny?
– The U.S. gained the Mexican Cession (the
southwestern part of the U.S.)
• Did the Mexican War cause the population in
California to rapidly increase or decrease after
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
– Increase
U.S. History Review
• Benjamin Franklin
– D) This patriot worked to help America receive
economic and political aid from France during the
American Revolution.
• Thomas Jefferson
– G) This President supported the Louisiana Purchase
because it allowed the U.S. to gain control of the
Mississippi River.
• Unalienable Rights
– C) The rights of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness” as guaranteed by the Declaration of
Independence.
U.S. History Review
• Consent of the People
– E) The American colonists used the slogan, “No
taxation without representation,” to express their
belief in the need for this.
• Samuel Adams
– F) This patriot believed that taxation without
representation was tyranny.
• Abolitionist
– A) A person who was against slavery and feared the
admission of new slave states into the U.S.
U.S. History Review
• New Orleans
– B) In 1803, Americans wanted to control this port city
so that farmers could ship goods down the Mississippi
River.
• Thomas Paine
– H) This author wrote Common Sense which
encouraged Americans to take a stand against the
treatment from King George III.
• Mayflower Compact
– Represents early governments in Colonial America
(Agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims at
Plymouth)
U.S. History Review
• The main goal of Manifest Destiny was to expand the
U.S. to which ocean?
– Pacific
• What did the Louisiana Purchase, Texas Annexation,
and the Mexican-American War have in common?
– They all increased the territory of the U.S.
• What area of land was acquired as a result of MexicanAmerican War?
– Mexican Cession (southwestern part of U.S.)
• Why did Americans want control of New Orleans?
– So farmers could ship goods up the Mississippi
• Why did Thomas Jefferson support the Louisiana
Purchase?
– It doubled the size of the U.S. and gave the U.S. control of
the Mississippi River.