Azizul bin Salehudin
Nurulraini binti Mohd Ramli
Introduction..
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from Greek word, hysterikos
describe as a state of mind, one of
unmanageable fear or emotional excesses
more frequently in women than in men
prevalence of approximately 2-3% of the general population
patient experiences physical symptoms that have a
psychological cause, rather than organic cause
people who are "hysterical" often lose self-control due to the
overwhelming fear
it is however still medically unexplained
also called ‘somatoform disorder’
Chronology..
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31st January – 200 students of boarding school in Dungun, Terengganu
14th April – 15 students and a teacher of a secondary school in Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
24th April – 13 students of a secondary school in Taiping, Perak
19th June – 30 students of a boarding school in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
17th July – 10 students of a secondary school in Nibong Tebal, Perak
24th July – 35 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang
4th August – 12 students of a motivation camp in Teluk Intan, Perak
7th August – A female student of a secondary school in Subang Jaya, Selangor
8th August – 15 students of a secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak
8th August – 11 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang
28th August – 8 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang
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Hysteria divided into two types:
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Conversion Disorder
2.
Dissociative Hysteria
Conversion Disorder..
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more common in Western countries
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Symptoms :
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body paralyzed, blind, deaf and dumb, although in fact they
don’t have these problems
include somatization disorder, chronic pain disorder,
hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder
Common causes :
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conflict and trauma from past experiences (rape, murder, fatal
accident)
Conversion Disorder..
Dissociative Hysteria..
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includes amnestic fugue states (state of mind characterized by
abandonment of personal identity, along with
the memories, personality and other identifying characteristics of
individuality)
disturbance or alteration in the normally integrative functions of
identity, memory, or consciousness
common in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and Zambia.
in Malaysia, in 1980s many cases been reported but it began to
decrease in 1990s. In 2008, rapid increase of cases.
usually happen to children and teenagers
highest cases in boarding school, factory, motivation camp, and
orientation week in school, college and university
syndrome typically began with one girl and rapidly spread to other
girls – mass hysteria
for most subjects, symptoms resolved within one hour
Symptoms..
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rapidly changing emotions
anesthesia (lack of feeling)
hallucination
screaming/shouting
crying and raving
abnormal strength and aggressive behavior
seizures, loss of self control
partial loss in consciousness
fainting
amnesia for entire episode
Common Causes..
caused by multiple events in one's past that involved
some sort of severe conflict
family history
excessive fear of ghost & superstition
extreme tiredness
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factory–exhausted and lack of time to rest
uncontrolled pressure/ stress:
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school – near examination period, due to excessive pressure
and high expectation from family and teachers
boarding school – strict rules and difficulty to adapt with rules
orientation week – difficult to adapt with new environment,
packed schedules, exhausted and homesick
Diagnosis..
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patient interview
modern techniques to assess the patient for hysterical
tendencies, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) or the Millon Clinical Multiaxial
Inventory-III (MCMI-III)
Treatments..
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keep hysteria patient away from other people – to avoid mass
hysteria
counseling session
continuous support from people surround them
regular appointments with a physician
psychotherapy may be attempted to help the patient gain
confidence into the cause of their conflict/distress
behavioral therapy can help to avoid reenforcing symptoms
therapy based on the patients’ belief/religion
References..
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http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe=
6&storyid=1220847518062
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/16
12/Diss_8_3_2_OCR.pdf;jsessionid=2B8BB85BA6301AEEA8383F
51D9F54D21?sequence=1
http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Sunday/Bmdua/20
080907094245/Article/index_html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteria
http://www.bnet.com/
IJOY & RAINI
08/09