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purposes. Learning purposes include: a lesson review
for students who are absent, students who want to
review for a test, etc.
 Today’s Lesson: Unit 4 Lesson 1- A River Rules
 Objectives:
 Identify the longest river in the world.
Remember to run
your audio set up!
 Explain ways the ancient Egyptians relied on the
Nile and used it to create a civilization.
 Locate on a map the Nile River and the modern
countries through which it flows.
 Analyze maps to assess the importance of the Nile
in ancient and modern Egypt.
 Describe the reasons for building the pyramids,
sphinxes, and mummifying bodies.
 Explain the origins and significance of the term
pharaoh.
 Standard 6-1: The student will demonstrate an
understanding of the development of the
cradles of civilization as peoples moved from a
nomadic existence to a settled life.
 Study Island Standard: 6.1C
Remember, points
are earned for
attendance and
participation.
Failure to
participate will
mean you are
moved to the
recovery room.
Thinking Time
Brainstorm- Write down words that you identify with The River Nile
The River Nile is The longest River in The World
The River begins a six month journey from Ethiopia,
through Sudan and Egypt, and finally flows into the
Mediterranean Sea.
What do you notice about the land on
either side of the river Nile?
Melting snow and heavy summer rain in the Ethiopian
mountains, sends a torrent of water causing the banks of the
River Nile in Egypt, to overflow on the flat desert land.
When the floods go away, it leaves a thick, rich, black
mud called silt. This is excellent soil to plant seeds in after
it has been ploughed.
The Black Land and The Red Land
The area nearest the
River Nile area is
known as the Black
land.
Further away from
the river is the Red
Land, which was all
desert.
Why was the River Nile so Important for
the Ancient Egyptians?
 Most, Ancient Egyptians lived near the River Nile
and they could not have survived without it.
 Write down why you think The River Nile was so
important to The Egyptians
The River Provided The Ancient Egyptians with:
• Water
• Food
• Transportation
• Soil for growing food
Can you work why this device called a Shaduf was
used and what it was for?
Land for Farming
The Egyptians settled along the river Nile as this was the only place
where they had fields to grow their crops on.
Farmers made channels from
the river to water the crops
Papyrus
 Reeds called papyrus, grew along the banks of the Nile. The
Egyptians made paper and boats from the reeds.
Food
The Nile also gave the ancient Egyptians food.
They used spears and nets to catch fish. They would also use nets to
catch birds that flew close to the surface of the water. Some got
breakfast, lunch and dinner from the river.
Trade + Transport
The Nile was the quickest and easiest way to travel from place to
place. They made river boats to move large, bulky things.
Pyramids and Such…
Social Pyramid
Specialization
 Nile societies were
much slower than
their
Mesopotamian
counterparts to
adopt metal tools
and weapons
 Did develop
pottery, textile
manufacture,
woodworking,
leather production,
stonecutting, and
masonry
occupations
Egyptian pottery
makers
Specialization
Brewing and Breadmaking
Sailing
Plowing and Sowing
Harvesting papyrus and Herding
Specialization
 Building a pyramid would require
 Laborers
 Architects
 Engineers
 Craftsmen
 Artists
New Technologies
Ramps and stonecutting required to
build pyramids
Diagram of a
Pyramid
The Great Sphinx
Mummification
Purpose of Egyptian
Mummification
The ancient
Egyptians believed
that after death their
bodies would travel
to another world
during the day, and
at night they would
return to their
bodies.
Mummification
 In order to
prepare a person
for the long and
hazardous journey
before they could
enjoy the
pleasures of the
afterlife, the body
of a dead person
was preserved by
a process called
mummification.
In order for the person’s spirit to live
forever, it had to be able to recognize and
return to the body. If a spirit could not
recognize the body it belonged to, it would
die.
This is why the
Egyptians wanted to
preserve the bodies of the
dead in as lifelike a state
as possible.
Mummification
guaranteed eternal life
for the spirit.
The Mummification
Process
The entire process took 70 days to complete.
Several embalmers conducted the task in the special
embalming shop or per nefer. The chief embalmer
was known as the hery sheshta. He wore a jackal
mask to represent Anubis, the god of
mummification.
Egyptian Mummification Process
Actual Mummy
Wrapping of the Mummy
Hook Used to Remove the Brain
The embalmer wore a jackal mask to represent
Anubis, the god of mummification.
These are canopic jars where the internal
organs of Pharaohs were kept. It was
thought that the gods would look after the
organs so that the person would go to the
after life with them safely.
Canopic Jars
Pharaohs
 Pharaohs were the kings of Egypt.
 The word “Pharaoh” was used by the
Greeks and Hebrews.
 The title “Pharaoh” originated from the
Greek language and it is used in the Old
Testament.
 According to Egyptian legend, the first
kings of Egypt were later some of the
most famous gods.
 All of the Pharaohs we know today
existed at the end of the Predynastic
period.
Responsibility Of Pharaohs
 Pharaohs ruled with absolute power. There
were few if any challenged against the King.
 Despite absolute power the Pharaoh was
expected to rule subject to Ma’at.
 Ma’at was the goddess and symbol of the
equilibrium of the universe.
 The Pharaoh was expected to govern
according to the principles of Ma’at.
 Any King that attempted to radically change
society would be seen as destroying the
equilibrium that was so important to
Egyptian tradition.
Succession
 To keep the pure line of succession, a
Pharaoh passed on the throne to the
eldest son born of the Principal
Queen, or Great Royal Wife.
 Each king was usually keen to
demonstrate to his subjects that he
was the “chosen” heir.
 The Pharaoh owned all of the land,
people, and possessions in Egypt.
 Any personal wealth enjoyed by
Egyptians people was considered a
result of the generosity of the King.
Recovery Room
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participation or a behavior issue. Please send me a
private chat message when you are ready to return to
class.