Chapter 7
Section 1
Objectives
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Distinguish between heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures.
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Compare the properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions.
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Give examples of solutions that contain solids
or gases.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
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The amount of each substance in different samples of a heterogeneous mixture
varies.
•
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Example: Any two shovelfuls of dirt from a garden would not be exactly
the same.
A suspension is a ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
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Example: natural orange juice, which contains particles of pulp.
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Particles in a suspension may ____________ over time, and may be
___________________________________.
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Some combinations of liquids _________________________, but will separate
spontaneously.
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Example: Oil and vinegar in salad dressing separates into two layers.
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Liquids that do not mix with each other are _____________________.
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One way to separate two immiscible liquids is to carefully pour the less dense
liquid off the top. This is called ______________________-.
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A colloid is _______________________________________________ that are
__________________________________ between those in solutions and those
in suspensions and ______________________________ in a liquid, solid or gas.
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Particles in a colloid are _____________________________ out.
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However, particles in a colloid are large enough to ____________________ that
passes through: this is called the _________________________.
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Examples of familiar materials that are colloids include gelatin desserts, egg
whites, and blood plasma.
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Some immiscible liquids __________ form colloids.
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An emulsion is any ________________________________________________
in which one liquid is _______________________________ in the other.
Homogeneous Mixtures
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Homogeneous mixtures not only ___________________, but ________ uniform.
•
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Example: salt water, which looks uniform even when you examine it under
a microscope
A solution is a ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
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In a solution, the solute is the substance that ______________________
___________________________________.
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The solvent is the substance in which ___________________________.
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Miscible liquids mix to form ________________________.
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One way to separate miscible liquids is by distillation, which works when ______
_______________________________________________________________.
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Water is a common solvent, but ____________ liquid solutions contain no water.
•
•
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Example: Fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene are made
from a liquid solution called petroleum, also called crude oil.
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Components of crude oil are separated by ________________________.
Other states of matter can also form solutions.
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The air you breathe _________________________________ of nitrogen,
oxygen, argon, and other gases.
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The liquid element mercury dissolves in solid silver to form a solution
called an __________________, which can be used to fill cavities in teeth.
An alloy is a _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.