The Development
of Sociology
Leading Sociologists and Their Contributions
Origins of Sociology
Sociology first developed in Europe
Auguste Comte (France)
Herbert Spencer (England)
Karl Marx (Germany)
Emile Durkheim (France)
Max Weber (Germany)
Origins of Sociology
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
He developed Sociology as the study of society
Based on positivism, or certain (first-hand)
knowledge
He studied social stability and social change
‘Religion of Humanity’
‘Altruism’ - the moral value of an action is based
solely on how it impacts others
Origins of Sociology
Herbert Spencer and Karl Marx
Used sociology to explain the existence of poverty,
capitalism, and class struggle
Spencer (1820-1903) is known for developing the
Theory of Evolution
‘Social Darwinism’ aka “survival of the fittest”
Marx ( 1818-1883) wrote The Communist
Manifesto (1848)
Bourgeoisie’ - control means of production
Origins of Sociology
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Known as the ‘Father of Sociology’
Applied scientific research methods, such as statistical
techniques, to the study of sociology
Basically, he made Sociology a legitimate science
Origins of Sociology
Max Weber (1864-1922)
Identified rationalization (the emphasis on knowledge,
reason, and planning) as the key influence in causing
industrialization
Antipositivism - using data, not just personal
experience, in developing social theory
Origins of Sociology
Online Textbook
Chapter 1, Lesson 2: Who Coined the Term?
Sociology in America
W.E.B. DuBois
Booker T. Washington
Robert E. Park
Harriet Martineau
Jane Addams
Robert Nisbet
Julian Samora
Sociology in America
Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)
African-American leader
Tuskeegee Institute and the Atlanta Compromise
W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)
First African-American to earn a Doctorate
Co-Founder of the NAACP
Applied Sociology to race relations in the U.S.
First editor of The Crisis
Sociology in America
Booker T. vs. W.E.B.
Disagreed on strategies for black social progress
Washington believed in self-help, racial solidarity, and
accomodation
He urgred blacks to accept discrimination for the
time being and focus on elevating themselves
DuBois felt that would only perpetuate white
oppression
He believed in developing a small group of college-
Sociology in America
Robert E. Park (1864-1944)
Worked with Booker T. Washington on race relations
Founded the Chicago School of Sociology
Coined the term ‘human ecology’
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)
First female sociologist
Translated Comte’s works into English
Sociology in America
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Leader in Women’s Suffrage Movement
Poll
Co-Founded Hull House and the ACLU
Nobel Peace Prize
Founded the Social Work profession in the U.S.
Member of the American pragmatist school of
sociology
Sociology in America
Robert Nisbet (1913-1996)
Wrote The Quest for Community
‘Contended that modern sociology neglected the
human drive toward community’
He was concerned with the concept of ‘drift’ and
the ‘Idea of Progress’
Julian Samora (1920-1996)
Prominent Mexian-American sociologist
Pioneered the field of Latino Studies
Fakebook Assignment
Create a Fakebook page for one of the
sociologists we’ve learned about
http://www.classtools.net/FB/home-page
Must have at least 6 pieces of information
Including a description of their sociological work
Example: Albert Einstein
Due: Thursday, September 3rd