World History Final
Exam Review
Second Semester
(from the Review Outline)
Absolute Monarchs
1. Define Absolutism.
What is it?
1.This was when a monarch
or ruler had all the power.
They believed that they had
the “god-given” right to rule.
(Examples: Phillip of Spain,
King Louis XIV –built Versailles;
Later XVI – French Revolution)
2. Explain divine right and its
relationship to absolutism.
2. It gave the ruler absolute rule.
3. What was the
Thirty Year’s War?
(30)
3. European conflict over:
• Religion, Territory
• And for power among ruling
families lasting from 1618 to
1648.
• France increased its power
while weakening Spain and
Germany.
4. In America what was the
Thirty Year’s War known as?
4. Seven Year’s War
7 = America
5. Explain the
Glorious Revolution.
5.
This was a conflict that
happened when Mary and her
husband William of Orange
deposed her father, James, and
forced him off the throne of
England because he was a
Catholic and they were
Protestants. It was called “
Glorious” because no one died.
6. Who was Czar Ivan
(The Terrible) of Russia?
6. He was czar of Russia; a
Romanov; when his wife
died he ruled Russia
harshly.
Absolute Ruler of Russia
7. Who were the boyars?
7. The boyars were the
land owning nobles of
Russia that suffered
greatly under Ivan the
Terrible. They lost much
power & influence.
8. Which French king
boasted, “I am the state!”
8. King Louis the XIV
He built the palace of
Versailles to show off
the power and wealth of
France.
9. Why did Peter the
Great move the capital to
St. Petersburg?
9. He wanted a city on
the seaport to travel
west. He used many
serfs to build it and
many died.
10. What form of
government did the Dutch
choose after gaining
freedom from Spain?
10. The Dutch chose a
REPUBLIC.
11. Why were the great
palaces -Escorial and
Versailles- built?
11. To show off the
ruler’s power and create
envy between the other
monarchs
12. What was the main
goal of Peter the Great of
Russia?
12. He wanted to
westernize Russia.
13. How was the
economy of Central
Europe different from that
of western Europe?
13.Serfs (servants) in
central Europe
remained on the
land to work the
crops.
14. What was the
significance of the
English Bill of Rights?
14. The English Bill of Rights
made clear the limits of
royal power. It gave Britain
stronger nobles with rights,
like trial by jury.
Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment
1. What is the
heliocentric theory?
1 & 2. This was the idea that
the sun is at the center of the
universe. This was proposed by
Copernicus.
Galileo Galili also supported
Copernicus’s theory. He even
had to be under house arrest
because of his beliefs.
3. What contributions to
science did Isaac Newton
make?
3. Isaac Newton developed
the Law of Universal
Gravity.
4. Who wrote the Declaration
of Independence?
4. Thomas Jefferson
5. Which Enlightenment
philosopher had influenced
the Bill of Rights?
5.John Locke
He believed all people are born
free and equal with three natural
rights: life, liberty, property
6. What were the ideas of
French philosopher,
Montesquieu?
6. Separation of powers
7. What ideas did
Enlightenment promote?
7.
Progress
More secular outlook
faith in Science
8. What were the
Navigation Acts?
8. England’s Navigation Acts
were a series of laws that
restricted the use of foreign
shipping for trade between
England and its colonies.
9. Britain tried to tax the
colonists without their
consent (permission).
9. What was the Stamp
Act?
10. How did the colonists react
to the Stamp Act?
10. They boycotted Britain’s
manufactured goods.
(Remember the Boston Tea
Party?)
11. What were the ideas
of Thomas Hobbes?
11.Hobbes believed that the ruler
needed total power to keep
citizens under control. His view
is that an absolute monarchy
could impose order and demand
obedience.
(In other words…he believed in the
total opposite view of Locke.)
12. How did the
Declaration of
Independence embody
Enlightenment ideas?
12. The Declaration says
people have the right to life,
liberty, and pursuit of
happiness.
French Revolution
1. What was the Estates
General?
1. An assembly of representatives
from all 3 Estates:
First = Clergy, less than 1%
Second= Rich Nobles, 2%
Third = Bourgeoisie (enlightened ones)
Workers & Servants
Peasants
2. About what percent of the
French population was represented
by the Third Estate?
2. 97%
3. What does Bastille Day
celebrate?
3. The beginning of the
French Revolution.
4. What was the slogan of the
French Revolution?
4. liberty, brotherhood,
Equality
(liberte, fraternite, equalite)
Or ELF
5. Explain the Declaration of
the Rights of Man?
5. This stated that “men are
born and remain free and
equal in rights.”
6. What were Napoleon’s
reforms?
6.
His accomplishments:
Free public schools – lycees
Created a system of tax collection
He established a fair tax code
Wrote new constitution
Established Napoleonic Code –
laws
7. Explain the Peninsular Wars.
7.Napoleon wanted to punish
Portugal and he invaded
Spain. Spain responded
using guerilla warfare.
8. Explain the Continental
System.
8. Napoleon’s blockade of
The European continent. It
cutoff trade with Britain.
Wanted to make Europe selfsufficient.
9. Discuss Napoleon’s invasion
of Russia.
9. He went to Russia. Russia
using scorched earth policy.
Napoleon took Russia. They
froze. He lost a lot of men.
10. About what percent of the
French population belonged to
the First and Second Estate?
10. 3%
11. Which group of Frenchmen
most strongly embraced the ideas
of the Revolution? Why?
11. Radical- way left of
France’s govt.
Jacobins
Committee of Public Safety
12. What issue caused the king
to call the Estates General for
the first time in 175 years?
12. A tax was imposed on
Second Estate.
13. Why did the National
Assembly lose the support of
the French peasants?
13. The NA took lands
and money away from the
church.
14. Which group imposed
the Reign of Terror?
14. Maximillien led group:
Committee of Public Safety
15. Why did Napoleon sell
Louisiana?
15. To fund his war; he
needed money; cut
association with France’s
colonies in America;
16. What were the results
of the Battle of Trafalgar?
16. Horatio Nelson
outmaneuvered
Napoleon’s ships.
17. How did Great Britain
react to the Continental
System?
17. They established a
blockade of their own and
got into a war with the
U.S.
18. What was the Congress
of Vienna?
18. It established a balance
of power in Europe.
Industrial Revolution
1. What was the Industrial
Revolution?
1. There was an increase in
the output of machine made
goods. It began in England
during the 18th century.
2. What agricultural changes
occurred during the Industrial
Revolution?
 Small farmers moved to the
city.
 Enclosures are used by
wealthy land owners
 Landowners try new
agricultural methods
3. What are the factors of
production?
3. land, capital, labor
4. What caused urbanization
(people moving from farms to
cities)?
Industrialization!
4.
Industrialization!
5. What did Britain do in
order to keep its industrial
secrets?
5.It did not allow its
engineers, mechanics,
toolmaker, inventors (etc.)
to leave the country.
6. Explain the benefit of being a
stockholder in a corporation.
6. If the company went
into debt, they were not
personally responsible for
its debt.
7. Explain Laissez-faire.
7. A policy that let owners of
industry set working
conditions without
government interference
8. Discuss three reforms that
came out of the Industrial
period.
8. Industrialization caused:
Abolition of slavery
Women’s rights
Public education
9. Who was William
Wilberforce and what was
his goal?
9. He abolished slavery
and the slave trade in
Great Britain.
10. Why was India called
the “jewel of the crown?”
10. It had the resources
Britain needed.
11. Who were the Boers?
11. White Dutch settlers
that moved to Africa during
Dutch colonization of India
and Africa. (Competitors of
Britain)
12. Explain the reason for
the Boer Wars.
12. Competition for Land in
Africa.
13. Why did the Boers go on
the Great Trek?
13. To move away from the
British in South Africa. The
Boers fled north.
14. What was the result of the
Berlin Conference?
14. Europeans divided
Africa into colonies
15. Explain the economic
policy of cash cropping.
15. It was the main cause
of inadequate food
supplies in Africa during
European colonization.
16. Explain paternalism.
16. When a country provides
for its colonial peoples’ needs
but did not give them full
rights
17. Discuss the events
surrounding the Sepoy
Mutiny.
17. The British government
took direct command of India
after the Indian soldiers
mutinied against the British.
World War I
18. Explain militarism.
18. Militarism happens when a
country keeps its power ready
for war by building up its
armaments (arms) and
develops its weapons. Best
example: Germany
19. What event caused
World War I ?
19. The assassination of
Franz Ferdinand of Austria
and his wife Sophie by
Serbian radical Gavrilo
Princip.
20. Explain the “Powder
Keg” of the Balkans.
20. The Balkan Peninsula
21. Who was Kaiser
Wilhelm II ?
21.
22. Who was Otto Von
Bismark?
22.
23. Why were Germany and
Austria called the Central
Powers?
23. Why were Germany and
Austria called the Central
Powers?
23.
24. What was the Schlieffen
Plan?
24.
25. Which nation’s actions
caused the United States to
enter World War?
25. German U-boats bombed/sank the luxury
liner the Lusitania. 1915
26. Explain the concept of Total
War.
. All of a country’s
resources and people help
their country fight a war.
26
27. Explain the meaning of
armistice.
27. When two sides sign a
peace agreement to end the
fighting in a war.
28. What were Wilson’s 14
Points?
28. Wilson’s plan for ending
the WWI peacefully and
avoiding future wars.
29. What were the main
provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles?
29. T of V blamed Germany for
WWI and tried to weaken it
and set limits. For example:
demilitarize Germany
30. Explain unrestricted
submarine warfare.
30.
31. What was the League of
Nations, its strengths and
weaknesses?
31. L of N could not use force
to deal with aggressive
nations because they do not
have a world army.
32. Explain the impact of
World War I on the
economies of Europe?
32. It drained the treasuries in
Europe. Countries had a lot of
war debt.
33. What was Trench Warfare?
33. Soldiers fought in trenches
where they were safe from
machine gun fire.
34. Who won World War I?
Crisis Years
1. What did Sigmund Freud
contribute during the Crisis
Years?
1.
2. What event marked the
beginning of the Great
Depression?
2. The Stock Market Crash
of 1929
3. What was the Dawes Plan?
3. Charles Dawes gave 200
million to Germany to end
inflation and help with the war
debt…stabilize the country.
4. Who was Il Duce and
what king of government did
he establish in Italy?
4. Il Duce was Benito
Mussolini who was the
fascist leader of Italy.
5. What German political
party hoped to overturn the
Treaty of Versailles and fight
Communism?
5. Germany = NAZI Party
6. What countries joined the
Axis Powers?
6. AXIS:
Germany, Italy, Japan
7. What was the goal of U.S.
isolationism after World War
I?
7. Stay out of European
conflicts
8. What was the policy of
appeasement?
8. Britain and France looked the
other way while Germany
invaded surrounding
countries.
(This ended when Germany
invaded Poland)
World war II
1. Why did Hitler target the
Jewish population in addition to
gypsies, homosexuals, and
other undesirables?
1. Hatred of Jews, or antiSemitism, was a key part of
Nazi ideology.
2. Why did Britain and
France declare war on
Germany?
2. G invaded Poland
3. Explain blitzkrieg.
3. “Lightning war”
Use of G’s airplanes to attack
by surprise
4. Discuss the Battle of
Britain and its outcome.
4. Britain was able to fight off
Germany…this showed B that
they could beat Germany
5. Why did Japan attack Pearl
Harbor?
5. Japan wanted to expand;
gain more islands in the Pacific;
the U.S. was in their path.
6. Why was the Battle of
Midway important?
6. It began the war in the
Pacific and showed that
Japan could be beaten
7. How did Kristallnacht
demonstrate persecution
against the Jews of Germany?
7. Violence against Jews.
8. Explain the Final Solution.
8. Hitler’s decision to liquidate the
Jews. Genocide
9. How did the Lend-Lease Act
benefit the United States?
9. The US sold ammunition
to the Allied powers in
Europe
10. How did the United States
end the war with Japan?
10. Truman decided to use the
newly buiIt weapon: The ABomb.
Hiroshima was bombed on
August 6, 1945
Nagasaki was bombed 3 days
later on August 9, 1945
11. Explain the Battle of the
Bulge.
11. Germany attacked the
U.S. front in the Ardennes
Forest in Germany in the
middle of their
line…creating what looked
like a bulge. Dead of winter.
12. What happened to the
government of Japan after the
surrender?
12. Japan was:
Demilitarized
Rebuilt.
Electronic
Education
Powerful nation – architecture and
technology
13. Explain the Nuremburg
Trials.
13. Nazis were put on trial for
their war crimes and crimes
against humanity
Korean War
• During WWII, Japan annexed Korea
• During the Cold War, U.S. and USSR split
Korea at the 38th parallel
• North Korea was run by USSR & became
communist
• South Korea was aided by the U.S. &
became democratic
• The two fought in 1950.
• Armistice was signed in 1953.
Vietnam
•
•
•
•
North Vietnam was run by Ho Chi Min
South Vietnam was run by Ngo Dihn Diem
Vietnam was split at the 17th parallel
The U.S. came to the aid of the democratic
south.
• China and Russia backed the North.
• Ho Chi Minh won and reunified Vietnam
making it a Communist state
• First time a superpower (US) lost.