A&P I Tutorial Exam 2
1) Water loss from insensible perspiration
A) is unaffected by damage to the epidermis.
B) is too small to be measured reliably.
C) is approximately 0.5 liters a day.
D) always exceeds sensible perspiration.
E) depends on apocrine sweat glands.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 5-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
2) While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through
the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 5-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
3) Exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) causes the skin to darken by increasing the
production of
A) hemoglobin.
B) carotene.
C) collagen.
D) keratin.
E) melanin.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 5-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
4) Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum
A) corneum.
B) lucidum.
C) granulosum.
D) spinosum.
E) basale.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 5-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
5) Vitamin D3 is important for proper ________ development.
A) skin
B) bone
C) muscle
D) vision
E) neural
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 5-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
6) Skin cancer that starts in the mitotically most active epidermal layer is called
A) keratosis.
B) psoriasis.
C) squamous cell carcinoma.
D) melanoma.
E) basal cell carcinoma
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 5-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
7) The drug tretinoin (Retin-A)
A) reduces the appearance of fine wrinkles.
B) minimizes scarring after surgery.
C) stimulates hair growth.
D) improves night vision.
E) is used to treat dandruff.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 5-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
8) A bacterial infection that is often fatal in burn patients is called
A) sepsis.
B) necrosis.
C) toxis.
D) pernicious.
E) noxious.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 5-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
9) All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer except it
A) contains many blood vessels.
B) permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C) contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D) is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E) is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 5-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
10) A common cause of dandruff is
A) inflammation around sebaceous glands.
B) lack of sebaceous glands.
C) too many sebaceous glands.
D) inactive apocrine glands.
E) inactive eccrine glands.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 5-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
11) ________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________
glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found
only in a few areas.
A) Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B) Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C) Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D) Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E) Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 5-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
12) The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ________ burn.
A) first-degree
B) second-degree
C) third-degree
D) partial-thickness
E) epidermal
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 5-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
13) Treatment of full-thickness burns includes which of the following?
A) replacing fluids
B) increasing caloric intake
C) preventing infection
D) assisting tissue repair
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 5-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
14) Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the
examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm
when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. Charlie is suffering from a(n) ________
burn.
A) first-degree
B) second-degree
C) third-degree
D) partial-thickness
E) epidermal
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 5-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
15) A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening. A physician treating a burn
victim would likely order all of the following except
A) IV (intravenous) fluids and electrolytes.
B) ice packs applied to the burn area.
C) a high-calorie diet.
D) skin grafts.
E) antibiotics.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 5-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
16) What type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification?
A) connective tissue membranes
B) fibrocartilage
C) mesenchymal tissue
D) hyaline cartilage
E) Wharton's jelly
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 6-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
17) The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones.
A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular
E) sesamoid
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 6-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
18) A rib is an example of a ________ bone.
A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) sutural
E) sesamoid
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 6-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
19) Which of the following chemicals is not present in bone?
A) calcium phosphate
B) collagen fibers
C) calcium carbonate
D) chondroitin sulfate
E) hydroxyapatite
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 6-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
20) The lacunae of osseous tissue contain
A) blood cells.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondroblasts.
D) bone marrow.
E) capillaries.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 6-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
21) Which of the following is a characteristic of bone?
A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts.
B) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts and chondroblasts.
C) Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment.
D) The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium.
E) For strength, compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 6-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
22) Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix?
A) Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite.
B) Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix.
C) Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone.
D) Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix.
E) Calcium is the organic part of the matrix.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 6-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
23) Bone growth in length occurs by mitosis of
A) concentric lamellae.
B) cartilage cells in the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis.
C) growth of trabeculae.
D) osteoblasts in the endosteum.
E) cartilage cells in the diaphyseal side of the metaphysis.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 6-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
24) Suppose that epiphyseal lines appear in a 10-year-old's long bones. Which of the
following statements is, therefore, true?
A) The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible.
B) Administration of growth hormone will stimulate future bone growth in length.
C) Osteoclasts will dissolve the metaphysis so length growth can continue until
adulthood.
D) More growth will occur during the teenage years as sex hormones stimulate rebuilding
of growth plates.
E) Intramembranous ossification will enable further growth in length.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 6-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
25) In normal adult bones,
A) there is no turnover of minerals.
B) a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year.
C) osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed.
D) osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases.
E) exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 6-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
26) Where in the body does the production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol
occur?
A) bone
B) kidneys
C) small intestine
D) liver
E) skin
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 6-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
27) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) stimulate osteoclast activity.
B) decrease the rate of calcium excretion.
C) decrease the rate of calcium absorption.
D) decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.
E) stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 6-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
28) While on a school skiing trip in Colorado, Heidi falls and breaks her tibia and fibula
in a Pott's fracture. What would you expect as a prominent part of her clinical assessment
several hours after the fall?
A) hypertension
B) tachycardia
C) erythema
D) hematoma
E) cyanosis
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 6-9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
29) If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following
would you expect to occur as a result of this condition?
A) increases in blood levels of calcium
B) bone fragility
C) decreased bone density
D) increased osteoclast activity
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 6-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
30) Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan
reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests hormone therapy. What
hormone might she prescribe for Mary?
A) thyroid hormone
B) growth hormone
C) estrogen
D) parathyroid hormone
E) calcitonin
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 6-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
31) Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan
reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests nutritional therapy. What
might she recommend for Mary?
A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) calcium supplements
D) dairy products
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 6-10
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
32) The function of the hyoid bone is to
A) stabilize the atlas and the axis.
B) anchor the tongue muscles.
C) protect the trachea.
D) attach to ribs.
E) support the mandible.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
33) Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense(s) of
A) balance.
B) hearing and balance.
C) smell and taste.
D) vision.
E) touch and pressure.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
34) Premature closure of the sagittal suture would result in
A) a long and narrow head.
B) a very broad head.
C) an unusually small head.
D) a distorted head with one side being longer than the other.
E) death.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 7-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
35) Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose. Which of the following bones might
be fractured?
A) ethmoid bone
B) zygomatic bone
C) temporal bone
D) mandible
E) parietal bone
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 7-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
36) As the result of an accident, Bill suffers a dislocated jaw. This injury would involve
the
A) stylohyoid ligaments.
B) hyoid bone.
C) condylar process of the mandible.
D) alveolar process of the mandible.
E) greater cornu of the hyoid bone.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 7-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
37) Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex except the
________ bone.
A) lacrimal
B) nasal
C) sphenoid
D) ethmoid
E) frontal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
38) The nasal complex consists of all of the following bones except the
A) zygomatic.
B) ethmoid.
C) sphenoid.
D) frontal.
E) maxillary.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 7-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
39) Each of the following statements concerning the development of the skull is true
except that
A) all the bones of the skull develop from one single ossification focus.
B) at birth the cranial bones are connected by areas of fibrous connective tissue.
C) the growth of the cranium is usually coordinated with the growth of the brain.
D) the skulls of infants and adults differ in shape and structure of the skeletal elements.
E) the most significant growth of the skull occurs before the age of 5.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 7-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
40) While you're visiting your friend who recently gave birth, she comments on her
infant's soft spot. You think to yourself that the correct term for the "soft spot" located at
the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures is
A) sphenoidal fontanel.
B) anterior fontanel.
C) occipital fontanel.
D) mastoid fontanel.
E) cushion spot.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
41) While volunteering in an outpatient clinic for underprivileged families in your
neighborhood, you observe the nurse assessing an infant. The mother had complained
about the baby not eating and having several episodes of diarrhea lasting 3 days. You
know the nurse suspects possible dehydration when she
A) checks the anterior fontanel for depression.
B) points out the dryness of the infant's diaper.
C) checks the infant's reflexes.
D) questions the mother about normal feeding habits.
E) weighs the infant.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 7-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
42) The primary spinal curves
A) are also called compensation curves.
B) accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera.
C) develop several months after birth.
D) develop several months after birth to accommodate the growing viscera in the thoracic
cavity.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
43) The widest intervertebral discs are found in the ________ region.
A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) sacral
E) coccygeal
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 7-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
44) As you move in an inferior direction along the vertebral column,
A) the vertebral foramina become relatively larger.
B) the vertebral bodies become relatively larger.
C) the dorsal spines grow progressively longer.
D) the transverse processes move anteriorly.
E) the vertebrae get progressively smaller and thinner.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
45) The sternum contains the
A) manubrium.
B) jugular notch.
C) he body.
D) xiphoid process.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 7-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
46) Ossification of the sternum is not complete until at least age
A) 50.
B) 25.
C) 16.
D) 10.
E) 6.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 7-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
47) While performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an unconscious person,
you are careful to position your hands correctly to avoid damage to the
A) ribs.
B) scapula.
C) xiphoid process.
D) sacrum.
E) ribs and xiphoid process.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 7-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
48) The only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is where
the
A) clavicle articulates with the humerus.
B) clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
C) coxal bones articulate with the femur.
D) vertebral column articulates with the sacrum.
E) clavicle articulates with the xiphoid process.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
49) The head of the humerus articulates with the
A) trochlear notch.
B) glenoid cavity.
C) acetabulum.
D) carpal bones.
E) coxal bone.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
50) Tina falls and fractures her pisiform bone. What part of her body was injured?
A) foot
B) forearm
C) wrist
D) hand
E) ankle
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
51) The pelvic organs are mostly found within the
A) ischial spine.
B) iliac fossa.
C) ischial fossa.
D) obturator foramen.
E) pubic symphysis.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
52) The hand has 15 phalangeal bones; the foot has 14 phalangeal bones.
A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true.
C) The first statement is true and the second statement is true.
D) The first statement is false and the second statement is false.
E) There is too much anatomical variability to be sure.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
53) The condition known as "flat feet" is due to a lower-than-normal longitudinal arch in
the foot. A problem with which of the following would most likely contribute to this
condition?
A) a loose calcaneal tendon
B) weak tarsometatarsal joints
C) weakness in the ligaments that attach the calcaneus to the distal ends of the
metatarsals
D) weakness in the ligaments that attach the talus to the tibia
E) poor alignment of the phalanges with the metatarsals
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
54) On a field trip you discover a skeleton with the following characteristics: the
acetabulum is directed laterally, the ischial spine points medially, and the angle inferior
to the pubic symphysis is less than 90 degrees. The long bones of the arms and legs are
relatively light and show epiphyseal plates. This skeleton is probably from
A) a young male.
B) a young female.
C) an elderly male.
D) an elderly female.
E) It is impossible to determine based on this information.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
55) Which of the following is not an age-related change in the skeleton?
A) closure of the fontanels
B) bone remodeling
C) reduction in mineral content
D) appearance of major vertebral curves
E) fusion of the coxal bones
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
56) Tom stumbles and injures his hallux. What part of his anatomy is injured?
A) his hand
B) his foot
C) his ankle
D) his knee
E) his hip
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
57) The talus contacts the
A) calcaneus.
B) navicular bone.
C) tibia.
D) calcaneus and navicular bones.
E) tibia, calcaneus, and navicular bones.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
58) Compared to the hand, the foot
A) has more phalanges.
B) has fewer metatarsals than the hand has metacarpals.
C) has more tarsal bones than the hand has carpal bones.
D) contains arches that help distribute body weight.
E) has the same number of tarsal bones as the hand has carpal bones.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
59) When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the
A) tibia, talus, and calcaneus.
B) talus and proximal metatarsals.
C) calcaneus and talus.
D) talus and cuneiforms.
E) calcaneus and proximal metatarsals.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
60) Identify the incorrect descriptor of congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot).
A) due to inappropriately developed arches
B) may involve one or both feet
C) may affect the tibia, ankle, and foot
D) feet are turned laterally and everted
E) may be treated with casts or supports in infancy
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension