MIGRATION
The Big Idea...
For more than a hundred years, at any given
time, about 20% of Canada’s population has
been born in other countries.
Think about the original reason YOUR
family/ancestors came to Canada?
In this unit we will why & how people move to
and around Canada.
We will start this unit thinking
about a few more big ideas...
We will be discussing a few things and
asking a few questions. Your notebook
should be OPEN and you should be ready to
write. The questions require quick thinking
and will rely on you past experiences,
knowledge and ideas.
Best Canadian Places to Call
Home
• Each year Money Sense magazine
researches and publishes a list of the most
desirable places to live in Canada.
• If you were coming up with a list to rank
Canadian cities what kind of criteria would
you use? List at least 5 categories.
Here are the categories from
the real study...
Average household income ($) Violent crimes (per 100,000)
Discretionary income (% of total Homicides (per 100,000)
income)
New cars on road (% of all cars) Doctors (per 1000)
Health professionals (% of population)
Unemployment rate (%)
Average house price ($)
Population growth (% change 2001-’06)
Time to buy (years)
Public transit use (% of population)
Rain/snow days (annual)
Precipitation (ml/year)
Days below 0°C (annual)
Ozone (parts per billion)
Particulate matter
Walk or bike to work (% of population)
Overall crimes (per 100,000)
And the winners are.......
#3 Quebec City
If you had to choose a new place to live what is the first question you would ask
About it?
#2 Halifax
Would you ever consider moving to another country for school? To live
permanently?
#1 Ottawa
The top three cities were capitals. What do you think the attraction of a capital
city as a place to live is?
Definitions
• Migration (human) is the movement of people from one
place in the world to another for the purpose of taking up
residence, usually across a political boundary.
• Emigration: Leaving one country to move to another
(e.g., The Seigneurs emigrated FROM France)
• Immigration: Moving into a new country (e.g., The
Seigneurs immigrated TO Canada)
• Refugee: A person who is residing outside the country
of his or her origin due to fear of persecution.
GuestLOCAL
worker:CONNECTION
Workers who work
temporarily in a foreign country.
About 18,000 come to Canada
every year to work in places like
orchards, fields and greenhouses.
They generally come from poor
areas and send money they earn
here back to their families.
Barriers to Migration
The reality of the difficulties faced
by people as they try to move…
With the person beside you…
Answer the following (try to look at
both sides of the answer…)
1)
2)
3)
4)
Is migration a fundamental right?
Why?
Should a person have the right to
leave his/her country if he/she wants
to? Why?
Should a person have the right to
enter any country he/she wants?
Why?
Should a country be able to close its
borders to keep people in or out?
Why?
Keywords
• PUSH FACTOR: The social, political,
economic, and environmental forces that
drive people AWAY from where they live.
• PULL FACTOR: The social, political,
economic, and environmental forces that
draw people to move to a particular place.
Push vs. Pull
Push
• Not enough jobs
• Few opportunities
• "Primitive" conditions
• Political fear
• Poor medical care
• Not being able to practice religion
• Loss of wealth
• Natural Disasters
• Death threats
• Slavery
• Pollution
• Poor housing
• Landlords
• Bullying
• Poor chances of finding courtship
Pull
• Job opportunities
• Better living conditions
• Political and/or religious freedom
• Enjoyment
• Education
• Better medical care
• Security
• Family links
• Better chances of finding
courtship
Barriers to Migration
• 1. Physical Barriers
(Oceans, Mountains…)
When some land formation
gets in the way of migrants.
Technological advances
have reduced the
importance of physical
barriers.
If you want to move to
Hawaii you need to be able
to afford a plane or boat
ticket because it’s a long
swim…
• 2. Economic Barriers
(ex: Too expensive)
When costs prevent people from moving…
…so you decide to move to Hawaii, but you don’t have the money
for the plane ride and they won’t let you in because you are too
poor…
• 3. Political Barriers
(ex. Immigration Laws and
political policy)
When a country has laws that
make it difficult for people to
move into a country. For
example, Canada has a
‘points system.’
So you saved up enough for
the ticket to Hawaii…uh
oh…they have laws that
prevent people from just
showing up and living on the
beach, time to hire an
immigration lawyer…
• 4. Procedural Barriers
(passports, visas)
When there is some paperwork or other formality that is keeping people
from moving.
Ooops…No passport? You aren’t even getting past security at the
airport…
• 5. Cultural Adjustments
When contact with other cultures leads to a situation that makes
moving difficult.
So they’re going to let you into the country…only you hate the sun,
water and the ukulele…
• Other Legal Barriers
( ie: quotas )
When a country limits the number of people it will admit in a year.
Sorry, you are number 101…tough luck…
Attendance Question….
• What is your migratory history…?
Immigration Canada
Examine the following graph. What provinces see the highest
percentages of immigrants? List the greatest four and identify the pull
factors that might explain why so many migrants ended up there.
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census0
6/analysis/immcit/tables/table2.htm
Immigration in Canada: A Portrait of the Foreign-born Population
Unlike immigrants who arrived years ago in search of good
farmland to till, today's immigrants are mostly urban dwellers.
In fact, they are much more likely to live in a metropolitan area
than the Canadian-born population.
In 2006, 94.9% of Canada's
foreign-born population and
97.2% of recent immigrants
who landed in the last five
years lived in either a
metropolitan area or urban
community. This compares
with 77.5% of the Canadianborn population.
Foreign-born as a percentage of metropolitan population, 2006
Conversely, only 5.1% of the immigrant population lived in a rural area in
2006, compared with 22.5% of the Canadian-born population.
Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver home to nearly two-thirds of Canada's
foreign-born population.
The 2006 Census counted 2,320,200 foreign-born people in
Toronto, 831,300 in Vancouver and 740,400 in Montréal. These
individuals represented 45.7% of Toronto's population, 39.6%
of Vancouver's and 20.6% of Montréal's.
Toronto and Vancouver led major cities in Australia and
the United States in terms of the proportion of its population
born outside the country. Toronto's and Vancouver's closest
competitors were Miami, Florida, where 36.5% of the population
was foreign-born, and Los Angeles, California, where the
proportion was 34.7%.
Where would you live?
Copy the following table into your notes and complete it.
1. Most Attractive
province/territory
________________
1. Reasons
2. 2nd Most Attractive
province/territory
________________
2. Reasons
3. 3rd Most Attractive
province/territory
________________
3. Reasons
In list form, copy the significant events from the following graph and in your own words
explain why each event might lead to increases/decreases in immigration.
Ex: Economic Depression: Causes a decrease because people don’t want to move to a country facing
economic problems.
UNIT C.A.
We have been discussing what factors
cause people to want to live where they do
or why others might cause people to want
to leave their homes.
Task Guidelines
You are a tourism guide/travel agent for the “ideal place to live.”
In pairs, create a brochure or poster and a presentation that answers all
of the following questions:
Where is it (location)? How do you get there (directions, methods,
schedules)? What does it have to offer (resources, facilities, etc.)? What
is the weather like? Who would want to go there? Why would I want to
go there? What opportunities are available (jobs, education, etc.)?
The answers to these questions should come from research (not off the
top of your head). That is to say that you should answer the above
questions with facts and figures.
Time and Length
• 5 minutes MAX - 3 minutes MIN
• You are being marked on how well you
answer the assignment questions. Provide
your most convincing answer for each of
them! After that the format is up to you!
• You will get a geography and language
(oral) mark for this assignment (I will also
be making history and art observations).