Pretest
1. Fill in the conjugation chart with all the subject pronouns
2. Translate this sentence into Spanish:
Maria is an artistic girl.
3. Write the correct articles for the following nouns:
libro
bandera
cancion
4. Conjugate Hablar
for the given subjects:
Maria y yo
Angela
Juan y ella
cartel
Semester Exam Review
Vocabulary pages: 22,23,46,70,96, 120
Plus: Body, Calendar, Numbers, Time
Grammar:
·Telling Time
·Gender of Nouns
·Adjective and Article
Agreement
·Infinitives
·Me gusta...
·Negatives
·Subject Pronouns
·-Ar Verb Conjugation
·Estar
·Plurals of nouns/articles
Infinitives
·Infinitives are the most basic form of the verb.
·They can be identified in Spanish because they have their
original -ar,-er,-ir ending. In English the verb has "to" in front.
Examples:
-ar
-er
-ir
cantar
escribir
(to sing)
(to write)
correr
(to run)
Me gusta...
We use the phrase "Me gusta..." to talk about what we like and don't
like to do.
Like
Dislike
Me gusta...
No me gusta...
Me gusta mucho...
No me gusta nada...
We add an infinitive to the end of each phrase to say what it is we like or
do not like to do.
Me gusta cantar.
dibujar.
Me gusta mucho bailar.
No me gusta
No me gusta nada correr.
Negatives
There are 3 main negative words we are looking at: no, nada, ni.
NO
·We use no in front of a phrase to change it to not, we also use no
in front of a verb in a sentence.
ex:
Me gusta bailar.
No me gusta bailar.
Ella es atrevida.
Ella no es atrevida.
·When we answer a question negatively in Spanish we use no
twice. The first no answers the question, the second no says not.
NADA
By itself nada means "nothing" in the phrase No me gusta nada, it
means "at all".
No me gusta nada correr.
Negatives
NI
When you are describing two or more things you do not like you say
"ni" in front of each item. Ni..ni.. means neither ...nor...
No me gusta ni esquiar ni patinar.
I do not like neither to ski nor to skate.
Let's Practice
How would you say...?
1. I like to listen to music.
2. I do not like to work.
3. I really like to talk on the phone.
4. I do not like to swim at all.
5. I do not like neither to play the guitar nor to write stories.
Gender of Nouns
All nouns in Spanish have gender. It is easy to figure out the gender of
a noun.
One way we can tell the gender of a noun it to look at the ending.
If a noun ends with...
most likely...
L,O,S,E,R
MASCULINE
A,ION,AD
FEMININE
Then it is
Gender of nouns
Masculine nouns have corresponding masculine articles, and
feminine nouns have corresponding feminine articles.
Masc.
Fem
definite articles
la
el
(the)
articles
un
Chooseindefinite
the correct
masc. or fem. definite
article (a,an)
for each of the
una
following.
bandera
libertad
sacapuntas
cartel
pupitre
libro
cancion
escritor
Gender of Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe nouns.
Adjectives in Spanish have different masc. and fem. forms and have to
match the gender of the noun they are describing.
-O,-A Adjectives
You will notice from your vocabulary
that there are several adjectives that
end in o. These all have ",-a" after
them.
This means that you can change the
ending to match the gender of the
noun it is describing.
Examples:
estudioso, estudiosa
atrevido, atrevida
or,ora adjectives
There are some adjectives
like trabajador where you
only have to add an -a to the
end to make it femenine.
Example: trabajador,
trabajadora
Gender Neutral
-ista adjectives
Deportista does
not change it's
ending ever. It
always ends with
an -a.
-e adjectives
Adjectives that end
in -e do not require
you to change the
ending.
Examples:
inteligente, paciente,
impaciente
Noun then Adjective
In English we generally put the adjective before
the noun it is describing.
In Spanish it is the opposite, we put the adjective
after the noun we are describing.
Examples:
La chica artistica
El chico artistico
-The artistic girl
-The artistic boy
La amiga buena
El amigo bueno
- The good friend(fem)
- The good friend(masc)
Word Order of Sentences
Sentences word order in Spanish is very similar to
sentence word order in English.
One of the main differences is where we put the adjectives.
In English the adjective goes before the noun it is
describing.
In Spanish the adjective goes after the noun it is
describing.
Word Order
Subject/
adjective
verb/ indefinite/
noun/
article
Maria
es
una
graciosa.
Maria
is
a
Try putting
the following in the correct order:
funny.
1. Marcos/un/es/inteligente/estudiante
2. soy/reservada/una/chica/Yo
chica
girl
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
We use these in place of other nouns.
In English our subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
In Spanish we put these pronouns in a chart to help us when learning
about verbs.
yo
nosotros
nosotras
tu
vosotros
vosotras
el
ella
ud.
ellos
ellas
uds.
-AR Conjugation Notes
2.
In Spanish we have to conjugate verbs.
To conjugate a verb
1.
Drop the ending (-ar)
Add new ending based on the subject of the sentence
yo
O
nosotros
AMOS
nosotras
tu
AS
vosotros
AIS
vosotras
el
ella
A
ellos
ellas
AN
ud.
uds.
AR Conjugation
Hablar
yo hablo
hablamos
nosotros
tu hablas
vosotros hablais
el
ella habla
ud.
ellos
ellas hablan
uds.
Estar
The verb ESTAR means “to be”
It is an irregular verb which means that it does not follow the conjugation rules for -ar verbs
yo
estoy
(I am)
tú
estás
(you are)
él, ella, ud.
está
(he,she,you,it is)
nosotros/as
estamos
(we are)
vosotros/as
estáis
(ya’ll are)
ellos, ellas, uds.
están
(they, ya’ll are)
There is more than one verb in Spanish that means to be.
We know to use Estar when we are referring to temporary things. You can use the following to help
you.
True
Love
Forever
T= Temporary Conditions (ex. illness)
L= Location
F= Feelings
T= Yo estoy enferma.
I am sick.
L= El lápiz está debajo de la silla.