Ian White, Routledge and Dr Karen Smith, University of Greenwich We will cover: the mechanics of getting published in journals how to choose the right journal working with other people; gaining and using their feedback identifying the differences between writing for journals and other forms of writing with which you may be more familiar 2 8. Proofread and submit 1. Idea 2. Choose Journal 7. Check notes for contributo rs 6. Refine further drafts 3. Read back issues 5. Use critical friend 4. Write first draft 3 An interesting topic (to you and others) Something new ◦ Not been researched before ◦ Not been researched before in that way (different methods and methodology; different context) ◦ Extends / builds on previous work A thesis chapter, dissertation or conference paper that has received good feedback from others What are your ideas? 4 Which higher education journals are you familiar with? 5 Discipline specific Themed General higher education General education ◦ Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education ◦ Journal of Nursing Education ◦ Law Teacher ◦ Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education ◦ Journal of Online Learning and Teaching ◦ Teaching in Higher Education ◦ Studies in Higher Education ◦ British Journal of Sociology of Education ◦ Research Papers in Education Routledge list 6 Ask other people See where the people you read publish Read other articles in that publication Track key issues/topics, and see where they are published ◦ set up content alerts ◦ use social media (twitter, linkedin) Contact the editor Look at the journal’s aims and scope (or calls for special editions) Think about the audience Consider the quality of the journal Adapted from Black et al (1998, pp.86-87) 7 In pairs, look at a few examples of higher education research articles. Consider the following questions: ◦ Can you identify common structures in these articles? ◦ How does these compare to the forms of writing you are more familiar with (research in other disciplines, essays, chapters)? 8 the shape Most research papers look like this. Introductory sections Methods The introduction moves from a general discussion of your topic, to the more specific question or hypothesis you will investigate. Results The discussion section becomes increasingly more generalised. General Specific Specific General Discussion From Swales & Feak (2007, p.222) 9 Introductory sections Method Results Discussion Provides rationale for the paper – moves from general overview of the topic to the specifics of your question. Describes the methodology, materials (or subjects) and procedures. The findings are described, accompanied by commentary. Offers an increasingly generalised account of what has been found out in the study. Adapted from Swales & Feak (2007, p.222-223) 10 Educational Studies offers author guidance on what it expects from submissions in terms of: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ General advice Abstract Introduction / literature review Measures of assessment Sampling Data collection Interpretation of findings References It is based on a model of empirical research – but it might offer a useful checklist: www.tandfonline.com/ceds (instructions for authors) 11 Focussed literature review / background stating a claim for the need for the study Clear structure to argument Concise overview of methodology Discussion of findings in relation to existing knowledge / research Accurately referenced Bound by (often) tight word count 12 What is a critical friend? Why might you need one? Choosing the right one ◦ In the same field? Specialist Generalist ◦ Experienced writer ◦ Proof reader 13 Check you’ve followed the authors’ instructions (word count, page layout, referencing, figures etc.) - www.tandfonline.com/cthe Thank you for submitting your manuscript, "International Students’ first encounters with exams in the UK: superficially similar but deeply different," to IJTLHE. Unfortunately, the manuscript is not being considered for publication within IJTLHE. After an initial review, it was determined that your manuscript did not meet the submission guidelines described by IJTLHE at Submission is increasingly online – be ready to register – example 14 1. Editor receives manuscript 2. Reviewers 3. Accept Minor amendments Major amendments Reject 6. Publisher proof stage 5. Amend 4. Feedback to author 7. Article Published! 15 Aug 2009 Notification of project funding May 2011 Start to draft paper Aug 2011 Submit paper to British Journal of Research into Education Sept 2011 Reviewers’ comments (rejected) Sept 2011 Submit paper to Studies in Higher Education Oct 2011 Reviewers’ comments (corrections) Nov 2011 Re-submit final draft Nov 2011 Receive acceptance email Feb 2012 Published on journal web site Sept 2014 16 Print published Acceptance ◦ 98% not immediately accepted/2% accepted on receipt Rejection ◦ Reasons for Revision ◦ Reviewer’s mediated response(s) detail ◦ Major, minor amendments 17 18 1 Sent to the wrong journal, does not fit the journal’s aims and scope/fails to engage with the issues addressed by the journal. 2 Not a proper journal article (i.e. too journalistic, or clearly a thesis chapter, or a consultancy report). 3 Too long (ignoring word limits for the particular journal) or too short. 4 Poor regard to the conventions of the journal (failure to consult Notes for Contributors) or to conventions of academic writing generally. 5 Bad style, grammar, punctuation; poor English (not corrected by native speaker). Continued… 19 6 7 8 9 10 Fails to say anything of significance (i.e. makes no new contribution to the subject) or states the obvious at tedious length. Not properly contextualised (e.g. concentrates on parochial interests and ignores the needs of an international or generally wider readership). Poor theoretical framework (including references to relevant literature). Scrappily presented and clearly not proofread. Libellous, unethical, rude. 20 Accept feedback with good grace Revise as requested If you can’t – admit it, and explain why Turn the paper round on time Thank the referees for their time Adapted from Black et al (1998, pp.98-99) 21 Be specific Exemplify e.g. author’s response to Reviewers’ comments Defend your position Re-submit within the given timeframe n.b. version control 22 Article Proofs (CATS) Copyright ◦ Author Rights Publication ◦ Online (iFirst) ◦ Print Promotion ◦ Publisher ◦ What can you do? 23 Reading lists Departmental web pages or personal website Social and academic networking ◦ Twitter, facebook, Linkedin, MyNetResearch, Academici, CiteULike Discussion lists Blogs Library recommendations Free sample copy Email signature 24 We have a new Author Services website http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/ The site contains audio interviews with academic editors providing advice on how to get published and how to write a research paper. Guidance is also available on: writing an article, editing or language polishing, translating, checking references, artwork, providing supplementary data, how to choose a journal; systems and interfaces (ScholarOne Manuscripts, CATS, Rightslink); the review process and what to expect; the production process and checking proofs; post-publication, errata, reprints, optimising citations; article versions and institutional repositories: what authors can and can’t do with their articles. We are particularly aware of increased demand from Chinese authors. Our Authors’ Newsletter is freely available online. 25 26 Black, D.; Brown, S.; Day, A.; & Race, P. (1998) 500 Tips for Getting Published, London: Kogan Page Swales, J.M & Feak, C.B. (2007) Academic Writing for Graduate Students, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press 27