Teacher: Year: 2014-15 CORE Science Grade 7 Month: All Months Course: Science Grade 7 Characteristics of Living Things, Interactions of Living Things Standards Essential Assessments Skills Questions 3.1.7.A.1-Describe the similarities and differences of physical What is characteristics in diverse organisms. necessary for 3.1.7.A.2-Describes how organisms obtain and use energy throughout the survival of their lives. organisms? 3.1.7.B.2-Compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide What are the an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or characteristics opinions. of life? RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. WHST.6-8.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis reflection, and research. WHST.6-8.10-Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. MS-LS1.1-Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells. MS-LS1.8-Gather and synthesize information that sensory receptors respond to stimuli by sending messages to the brain for immediate behavior or storage as memories. 3.1.7.A.5-Explain how the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things. Characterisitcs of Living Things 10/1/2014 What is Life? 10/1/2014 describe the six characteristics of living things. Content Lessons Is It Living or Not? characteristics of living Characteristics of things: have cells, sense Life Notes and respond to change, reproduce, have DNA, use energy, and grow and develop Resources Holt Science & Technology: Microorganisms, Fungi, and Plants p. 2-13 describe how organisms maintain stable internal conditions. homeostasis sexual reproduction vs. explain how asexual reproduction asexual heredity reproduction differs metabolism from sexual reproduction. necessities of life: water, air, shelter, food explain why organisms need food, water, air, producers, consumers, and living space. and decomposers describe the chemical building organic molecules: lipids, blocks of cells. carbohydrates, ATP, nucleic acids, and proteins Cells: The Basic Unit of Life Standards 3.1.7.A.1-Describe the similarities and differences of physical characteristics in diverse organisms. 3.1.7.A.3-Explain why the life cycles of different organisms have varied lengths. 3.1.7.A.4-Explain how cells arise from pre-existing cells. 3.1.7.A.5-Explain how the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things. 3.1.7.A.6-Identify the levels of organization from cell to organism. 3.1.7.A.7-Compare life processes (e.g. growth, digestion) at the organism level with life processes at the cellular level. Essential Assessments Skills Questions What are the Cells: The Basic Unitstate the parts of the cell theory. two domains of of Life 10/31/2014 life? explain why cells are so small. How do describe the parts of a cell. prokaryotes differ from compare and contrast eubacteria and eukaryotes? archaebacteria. How does structure relate compare and contrast prokayotic cells and to function? eukaryotic cells. Content Lessons Resources the Cell Theory Cell size Parts of the cell (organelles) organelles - cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, Plant and Holt Science & Animal Cell Technology: Cell notes Cells, Heredity, and Classification p. 2-23 3.1.7.B.2-Compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.10-By the end of grade 8, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently. MS-LS1.1-Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells. MS-LS1.2-Develop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways parts of cells contribute to the function. MS-LS1.3-Use argument supported by evidence for how the body is a system of interacting subsystems composed of groups of cells. golgi apparatus, vesicle, lysosome, vacuole, nucleolus explain the function of each organelle in a cell commonalities eukaryotic cell. two basic types of list three advantages to being multicellular. cells - eubactia & archaebacteria describe the four levels of organization in living Benefits of being things. multicellular organization of explain the relationship between the structure and living things - cell, function of a part of an organism. tissue, organ, organ system, identify the parts of a microscope. organism structures and use a microscope to observe microscopic objects. functions of living things observe, sketch, and label a plant cell and an wet mount slides animal cell. parts of the microscope observing, sketching, and labeling identify the different parts of a eukaryotic cell. The Cell in Action Standards S8.A.3.1.3-3. Distinguish between system inputs, system processes, system outputs, and feedback (e.g., physical, ecological, biological, informational). S8.A.3.1.4-4. Distinguish between open loop (e.g., energy flow, food web, open-switch) and closed loop (e.g., materials in the nitrogen and carbon cycles, closed-switch) systems. 3.1.7.A.2-Describes how organisms obtain and use energy throughout their lives. 3.1.7.A.7-Compare life processes (e.g. growth, digestion) at the organism level with life processes at the cellular level. 3.1.7.B.2-Compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.9-Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. WHST.6-8.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis reflection, and research. MS-LS1.6-Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms. MS-LS1.7-Develop a model to describe how food is rearranged through chemical reactions forming new molecules that support growth and/or release energy as this matter moves through an organism. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior Essential Questions Assessments Skills The Cell in Action How do organisms 11/30/2014 process cellular energy? The cell in action 11/30/2014 In what ways can cells interact with their environment? How do cells reproduce? explain the process of diffusion describe how osmosis occurs. compare passive transport with active transport explain how large particles get into and out of cells. Describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Content Lessons Resources active and passive transport Osmossis and Diffusion in an Egg endocytosis and exocytosis Cell osmosis and diffusion processes notes Photosyntheis and cellular respiration Compare cellular respiration with fermentation The Cell Cycle Explain how cells produce more cells Mitosis and Describe the process of mitosis cytokinesis Explain how cell division differs in animals and plants knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. Heredity Standards Essential Questions Assessments Skills 3.1.7.B.1-Explain how genetic instructions influence inherited Does heredity have Heredity 12/31/2014 traits. Identify Mendelian patterns of inheritance. a pattern? 3.1.7.B.2-Compare sexual reproduction with asexual Genetic testing reproduction. How are traits essay 12/31/2014 3.1.7.B.4-Describe how selective breeding and biotechnology can inherited? alter the genetic composition of organisms. S8.B.2.2-Explain how a set of genetic instructions determines inherited traits of organisms. (Reference: 3.3.7.C) RST.6-8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.9-Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. WHST.6-8.1.e-Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. WHST.6-8.2.d-Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. WHST.6-8.6-Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas clearly and efficiently. WHST.6-8.10-Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. MS-LS3.2-Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation explain the relationship between traits and heredity. Content Lessons Resources Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments Spongebob Holt Science & Heredity Technology: Cells, Heredity, Virtual and heredity lab Classification p. 54-74. Heredity notes describe the experiments of Gregor Self-pollinating, crossMendel. pollinating, and truebreeding plants explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits. Characteristics and traits explain how genes and alleles are related to genotype and phenotype. Dominant and recessive traits use Punnett Squares to predict possible offspring combinations Genes and alleles from the breeding of two individuals Genotype and differentiate between dominance phenotype and incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction describe how chromosomes determine sex. Homologous Chromosomes explain why sex-linked disorders occur more often in males. Meiosis differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction. Sex Chromosomes and Sex-linked Disorders give examples of selective breeding. Genetic Counseling Selective Breeding Genes and DNA Standards Essential Assessments Questions 3.1.7.B.1-Explain how genetic instructions influence inherited traits. Genes and DNA Unit Identify Mendelian patterns of inheritance. What does DNA test 1/31/2015 3.1.7.B.4-Describe how selective breeding and biotechnology can look like? alter the genetic composition of organisms. S8.B.2.2-Explain how a set of genetic instructions determines How does DNA inherited traits of organisms. (Reference: 3.3.7.C) work? RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. WHST.6-8.6-Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas clearly and efficiently. MS-LS3.1-Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism. MS-LS3.2-Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. 3.1.7.B.2-Compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction. 3.1.7.B.5-PATTERNS Compare and contrast observable patterns in the physical characteristics across families, strains and species. Skills Content Lessons Resources describe the basic Nucleotides: The Introduction to DNA structure of the DNA Subunits of DNA molecule. Chargaff's Rules Explain DNA basepairing rules. Franklin's Discovery Holt Science & Technology: Cells, Heredity, and Classification p. 84-96. describe how Watson Watson and Crick's and Crick's model double helix structure agrees with Chargaff's Rules. Making copies of DNA Model and describe the process of DNA Mutations: Changes replication in DNA describe the three basic types of DNA mutations. Sickle Cell Anemia: an example of a substitution mutation describe the uses of Genetic Engineering genetic engineering. Evolution of Living Things Standards Essential Questions 3.1.8.C.1-Explain how reproductive success coupled with What is the advantageous traits over many generations contributes to natural mechanism for selection evolution? 3.1.7.B.1-Explain how genetic instructions influence inherited traits. Identify Mendelian patterns of inheritance. 3.1.7.C.1-Describe how natural selection is an underlying factor in a population's ability to adapt to changes. 3.1.7.C.2-Explain why the extinction of a species may occur when the environment changes. Explain that mutations can alter a gene and are the original source of new variations in a population. 3.1.7.C.3-CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Identify evidence drawn from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy that provides the basis for the theory of evolution. RST.6-8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. MS-LS4.1-Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past. Assessments Skills Content Lessons Resources Identify evidence that show an evolution of Adaptation The Bear Evolution of Living living things. Species Gets The Things 2/28/2015 Evolution Mellon Explain how comparing organisms can Fossil Modeling Natural provide evidence that they have ancestors Fossil Record Selection in common. Trait 2/28/2015 Selective List sources of Charles Darwin's ideas Breeding about evolution Natural selection Describe the four parts of Darwin's theory Generation of evolution by natural selection. time Speciation Relate genetics to evolution. Give examples of natural selection in action. Understand the process of speciation. MS-LS4.2-Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships. MS-LS4.3-Analyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the embryological development across multiple species to identify relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy. MS-LS4.4-Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals' probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment. Classification, The Six Kingdoms Standards Essential Assessments Skills Questions 3.1.7.A.1-Describe the similarities and differences of physical How does Classification and the characteristics in diverse organisms. science classify Six Kingdoms S8.A.1.1-Explain, interpret and apply scientific, environmental, or life? 3/31/2015 technological knowledge presented in a variety of formats (e.g., visuals, scenarios, graphs). (Reference: 3.2.7.A, 3.2.7.B) Classifying Living RST.6-8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science Things 3/31/2015 and technical texts. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). MS-LS1.1-Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells. MS-LS1.4-Use argument based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support an explanation for how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of animals and plants respectively. 3.1.7.A.2-Describes how organisms obtain and use energy throughout their lives. 3.1.7.A.3-Explain why the life cycles of different organisms have varied lengths. 3.1.7.A.1-Describe the similarities and differences of physical What Kingdoms of Life characteristics in diverse organisms. characteristics Project 3/31/2015 3.1.6.A.1-Describe the similarities and differences of major physical are used to characteristics in plants, animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria. unite 3.1.6.A.6-Identify examples of unicellular and multicellular organisms. organisms? S8.B.1.1-Describe and compare structural and functional similarities and differences that characterize diverse living things. (Reference: 3.3.7.A, 3.3.7.B, 4.6.7.A, 4.7.7.B) Content explain how to Classification and classify organisms. Taxonomy list the seven levels Branching of classification. diagrams explain scientific names. Seven levels of classification Lessons Resources Creating a Dichotomous Key Holt Science and Branching diagrams and 7 Technology: levels of classification Cells, Heredity, and Classification p. 162-169 interpret branching Two-part scientific diagrams. names use dichotomous keys to identify organisms. The contributions of Carolus Linnaeus to the field of taxonomy Dichotomous Keys explain how classification schemes for kingdoms developed as new organisms were discovered. describe the basic characteristics of the six kingdoms. 6 Kingdom characteristic overview: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Holt Science and Technology: Cells, Heredity, and Classification p. 170-175 Cycles in Nature, The Earth's Ecosystems Standards Essential Questions Assessments Skills 4.1.7.B-Explain biogeochemical cycles within an ecosystem. (See How do matter and Interactions of Science and Technology: 3.3.7.A1.) energy cycle through Living Things 4.1.7.E-Identify factors that contribute to change in natural and the biosphere? 5/1/2015 human-made systems. • Explain the processes of primary and secondary succession in a given ecosystem. What ecological 3.2.6.A.3-Explain and give examples of how mass is conserved in a issues threaten the closed system. planet? S11.B.3.1-Use evidence or examples to explain the characteristics of and interactions within an ecosystem. (Reference: 4.3.10.C, 4.6.10.A) S4.A.3.1-Identify systems and describe relationships among parts of a familiar system (e.g., digestive system, simple machines, water cycle). (Reference: 3.1.4.A, 4.4.4.C, 4.6.4.A, 4.6.4.B, 3.6.4.A, 3.6.4.B, 3.6.4.C) S4.A.3.2-Use models to illustrate simple concepts and compare the models to what it represent. (Reference: 3.1.4.B, 4.3.4.C) S4.A.3.3-Identify and make observations about patterns that regularly occur and reoccur in nature. (Reference: 3.1.4.C, 3.2.4.B) S4.B.3.2-Describe, explain, and predict change in natural or humanmade systems and the possible effects of those changes on the environment. (Reference: 4.2.4.C, 4.3.4.C, 4.6.4.C, 3.1.4.E) S4.B.3.3-Identify or describe human reliance on the environment at the individual or the community level. (Reference: 4.3.4.B, 4.4.4.B, 4.5.4.C, 3.8.4.C) WHST.6-8.2-Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.6-8.2.a-Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories as appropriate to achieving purpose; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. WHST.6-8.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis reflection, and research. 4.1.7.A-Describe the relationships between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. • Compare and contrast different biomes and their characteristics. • Describe symbiotic and predator/ prey relationships. 4.1.7.C-Explain the flow of energy within an ecosystem. • Compare and contrast the flow of energy between organisms in different habitats. • Explain the concept of trophic levels. 4.1.7.D-Explain how biological diversity relates to the viability of ecosystems. • Compare and contrast monoculture with diverse ecosystems. • Explain how biological diversity relates to the ability of an ecosystem to adapt to change. • Explain how an adaptation is an inherited, structure, function, or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce. MS-LS2.1-Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem. MS-LS2.3-Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Distinguish between the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. Content Ecology biotic and abiotic Explain how populations and communities are related. describe how the abiotic parts of the environment affect ecosystems. describe the functions of producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem. Levels of environmental organization herbivore, carnivore, omnivore Energy flow distinguish between a food chain and through an a food web. ecosystem; food chain Explain how energy flows through a and webs, energy food web. pyramids describe how the removal of one species affects the entire food web. carrying capacity and limiting factors explain the relationship between carrying capacity and limiting factors. predator prey relations Describe the two types of competition. symbiotic distinguish between mutualism, relations commensalism, and parasitism. Lessons Resources Lynx Eats the Hare Holt Science & Technology: Environmental Science p. 3039 Land Biomes, Environmental Problems and Solutions Standards Essential Assessments Skills Questions 4.1.7.A-Describe the relationships between biotic and abiotic How do Earth's components of an ecosystem. • Compare and contrast different biomes ecosystems and their characteristics. • Describe symbiotic and predator/ prey vary? relationships. 4.1.7.C-Explain the flow of energy within an ecosystem. • Compare and contrast the flow of energy between organisms in different habitats. • Explain the concept of trophic levels. 4.4.6.A-Explain how different plants and animals in the United States have specific growing requirements related to climate and soil conditions. S11.B.3.1-Use evidence or examples to explain the characteristics of and interactions within an ecosystem. (Reference: 4.3.10.C, 4.6.10.A) S4.A.3.1-Identify systems and describe relationships among parts of a familiar system (e.g., digestive system, simple machines, water cycle). (Reference: 3.1.4.A, 4.4.4.C, 4.6.4.A, 4.6.4.B, 3.6.4.A, 3.6.4.B, 3.6.4.C) S4.B.3.1-Identify and describe living and nonliving things in the environment and their interaction. (Reference: 4.6.4.A) S8.B.3.1-Explain the relationships among and between organisms in different ecosystems and their abiotic and biotic components. (Reference: 4.4.7.B, 4.6.7.A, 4.1.7.C, 4.1.7.D) WHST.6-8.1.a-Introduce claim(s) about a topic or issue, acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically. WHST.6-8.2.c-Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts. WHST.6-8.2.d-Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. WHST.6-8.8-Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. WHST.6-8.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis reflection, and research. 4.1.7.D-Explain how biological diversity relates to the viability of What ecosystems. • Compare and contrast monoculture with diverse environmental ecosystems. • Explain how biological diversity relates to the ability of an problems does ecosystem to adapt to change. • Explain how an adaptation is an the earth face? inherited, structure, function, or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce. How can 4.3.7.A-Explain how products are derived from natural resources. • humans limit Describe the process of converting raw materials to consumer goods. • their impact on Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable resources. the 4.3.7.B-Explain the distribution and management of natural resources. • environment? Differentiate between resource uses: conservation, preservation, and exploitation. 4.5.7.A-Describe how the development of civilization affects the use of natural resources. • Compare and contrast how people use natural resources in sustainable and nonsustainable ways throughout the world. 4.5.7.B-Describe the impact of pests in different geographic locations Content Biome Travel identify seven land biomes temperate deciduous Brochure 5/31/2015 on Earth. forests compare and contrast the coniferous forests seven land biomes. tropical rain forests categorize matter in each biome as biotic or abiotic. temperate grasslands Lessons Resources What are the different types of land environments? Holt Science & Technology: Environmental Science p. 48-56 Stream Study Holt Science & Technology: Environmental Science p. 76-90 identify adaptations of savannas plants and animals that are unique to each biome. deserts tudra Stream Study 5/31/2015 list five kinds of pollutants pollution - garbage, chemicals, highdistinguish between powered wastes, renewable and gases, noise nonrenewable resources. renewable vs. describe the impact of nonrenewable exotic species. resources explain why human population growth has increased. describe how habitat destruction affects biodiversity. Exotic Species human population growth and overpopulation Habitat destruction Humans and the environment and techniques used to manage those pests. • Identify introduced species that are classified as pests in their new environments. • Research integrated pest management practices. 4.5.7.C-Explain how human actions affect the health of the environment. • Identify residential and industrial sources of pollution and their effects on environmental health. 4.5.7.D-Describe the wastes derived from using resources, how the waste is managed, and the potential impact on the environment. 3.3.8.A.2-Describe renewable and nonrenewable energy resources. 4.5.7.E-Describe how length and degree of exposure to pollutants may affect human health. • Identify diseases/ conditions that have been associated with exposure to pollutants. 4.5.6.D-Explain the costs and benefits of recycling in controlling resource use. 4.5.8.A-Explain how Best Management Practices (BMP) can be used to mitigate environmental problems. 4.5.8.C-Describe how humans can reduce pollution. S11.B.3.3-Explain how human-made systems impact the management and distribution of natural resources. (Reference: 4.2.10.C, 4.4.10.C, 3.8.10.C) S4.B.3.3-Identify or describe human reliance on the environment at the individual or the community level. (Reference: 4.3.4.B, 4.4.4.B, 4.5.4.C, 3.8.4.C) S8.B.3.2-Identify evidence of change to infer and explain the ways different variables may affect change in natural or human-made systems. (Reference: 3.1.7.C, 4.3.7.B, 4.6.7.C, 4.8.7.D, 3.1.7.E, 4.3.7.C) S8.B.3.3-Explain how renewable and non-renewable resources provide for human needs or how these needs impact the environment. (Reference: 3.6.7.A, 4.4.7.A, 4.4.7.C, 4.5.7.C, 3.8.7.C) S8.C.2.2-Compare the environmental impact of different energy sources chosen to support human endeavors. (Reference: 3.4.7.B, 4.2.7.B) reduce, reuse, recycle give two examples of how pollution affects humans. Conservation explain the importance of Maintaining conservation. biodiversity describe the "three r's" : reduce, reuse, recycle. explain how biodiversity can be maintained. list five environmental strategies.