CERTIFICATION
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#1Recognizing an emergency
You may realize that an
emergency has occurred
only if something unusual
attracts your attention
#2 WHAT MIGHT GET YOUR
ATTENTION
• Unusual sights
• Unusual appearances or
behaviors
• Unusual odors
• Unusual noises
#3 FEARS WHEN CONFRONTED
WITH AN EMERGENCY
•
•
•
•
•
•
The presence of other people
The type of injury or illness
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of doing something wrong
Fear of being sued
Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1
#4 HOW TO GET PAST THE FEAR
• Training
• Avoid contact with blood or body fluids
• Know the Good Samaritan Laws
• Know how to Obtain Consent
#5 OBTAINING CONSENT
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•
•
•
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State your name
Tell your level of training
Ask if you can help
Explain what you think may be wrong
Explain what you plan to do
#6 HOW TO PROTECT
YOURSELF
• Avoid contact with
•
Blood
•
Body fluids
• Use protective equipment such as
•
Disposable gloves
•
CPE breathing barrier
• Wash your hands immediately after care
#7 THREE BASIC STEPS TO
TAKE IN ANY EMERGENCY
• CHECK
• CALL
• CARE
#8 WHAT TO DO
CALL FIRST OR CARE FIRST
• Call first
• Care first
#9 WHEN TO MOVE AN ILL OR
INJURED PERSON
•
MOVE ONLY…
• To provide proper care
• To get to an more seriously ill or injured
person
• In the event of immediate danger
#10 LIFE-THREATENING
CONDITIONS
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•
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Unconsciousness
Not breathing or having trouble breathing
Choking
Persistent chest pain
No signs of life
Severe bleeding
Severe burns
Shock
Seizures reoccur, last more than 5 minutes, or
are a result of injury, or during pregnancy.
•
Diabetic, failure to regain consciousness
#11 CHECKING A CONSCIOUS
ADULT OR CHILD
• Checking a conscious adult
•
Check the scene
•
Obtain consent
•
Head to toe exam
•
Care for conditions found
•
Minimize shock
• Checking a conscious child
•
Same but check toe to head
•
Be calm and reassure both child and parent
•
Don not separate the child form the parent
#12 WHAT IS ABC
• ABC
–Airway
–Breathing
–Circulation
• Video / skill session
• Checking an unconscious adult
• Checking an unconscious child
abbreviated 3:46
• Checking an unconscious infant
abbreviated 2:06
#13 CHECKING A PULSE
• Adult
•
Carotid
• Child
•
Carotid
• Infant
•
Brachial
• Video / skill session
#14 BREATHING EMERGENCIES
• Having trouble breathing or cannot breath at all
• May be caused by injury, illness, or disease
• Asthma can be prevented by following a
physicians guidance and taking prescribed
medications
• Allergic reactions can be prevented
– recognizing the first signals of an allergic reaction
– getting immediate help
• First aid for breathing emergencies is similar for
children and infants. Some differences occur
due to the infants smaller body size.
#15 COMMON CAUSES OF
CHOKING ADULT
• Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly
chewed food
• Drinking alcohol before or during meals
• Wearing dentures
#16 COMMON CAUSES OF
CHOKING CHILD
• Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly
chewed food
• Eating while talking excitedly or laughing
or eating too fast
• Walking playing or running with food or
objects in the mouth
• Swallowing small objects ; or pieces of
food can block the airway
• Video / skill session
•
•
•
•
Conscious choking
Adult
Child
infant
#17 COMMON CAUSES OF
CHOKING INFANT
• Infants airway has not fully developed it is
smaller than an adults
• Still developing eating skills
• Lack of supervision
#18 KEY POINTS FOR RESCUE
BREATHING CHILD
• Commonly caused by injury illness or
choking
• Give 1 breath every 3 seconds
• Check for signs of life about every 2
minutes
• Each rescue breath should last about 1
second
#19 TERMONOLOGY
• Heart attack
• MI
myocardial infarction
• Cardiac arrest
# 20 SIGNALS OF A HEART
ATTACK
• Chest pain spreading to the shoulders
neck jaw or arms
• Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness lightheadedness or fainting
• Pale ashen grayish or bluish skin
• Sweating
# 21 CARDIAC CHAIN OF
SURVIVAL
• EARLY recognition and EARLY access
• EARLY CPR
• EARLY defibrillation
• EARLY advanced medical are
#22 WHEN TO STOP CPR
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•
•
•
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The scene becomes unsafe
You find signs of life
And AED is ready to use
You are too exhausted to continue
Another trained responder arrives and
takes over
#23 WHAT IS AN AED
• Device that analyzes the heart’s electrical
rhythm and if necessary prompts you to deliver a
shock to a victim of sudden cardiac arrest
• The shock called defibrillation may help the
heart to reestablish and effective rhythm
• If the AED prompts you “no shock advised” give
5 cycles (or about 2 minutes) of CPR
# 24 WHAT NOT TO DO WHEN
USING AN AED
• Do not touch the victim while the AED is analyzing
• Do not touch the victim while the device is defibrillating
• Be sure that no one else is touching or in contact with
the victim or equipment
• Do not use alcohol to wipe the victim’s chest
• Do not defibrillate someone when around flammable
materials
• So not use an AED In a moving vehicle
• Do not use an AED on a person who is in contact with
water
• Do not use an AED designed for adults on a child
• Do not use an AED on a victim wearing a nitroglycerin
patch
• Do not use a mobile phone or radio within 6 feet of the
AED
#25 LEADING CAUSES OF
INJURY RELATED DEATH
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•
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•
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Motor vehicle crashes
Falls
Poisonings
Drowning
Choking
#26 TYPES OF INJURY
• Soft tissue injury
• Musculoskeletal injury
#27 TYPES OF WOUNDS
• Open
• Closed
#28 WHAT IS A CLOSED WOUND
• Soft tissue damage occurs beneath the
surface of the skin leaving the outer layer
intact. Internal bleeding may occur
#29 CARE FOR A CLOSED
WOUND
• Apply direct pressure
• Elevate the injured body part if it does not
cause more pain
#30 WHAT IS AN OPEN WOUND
• Break in the skin can be a minor as a
scrape on the surface layers or as severe
as a deep penetration
•
Abrasion
•
Lacerations
•
Avulsions or amputations
•
Punctures
#31 CARE FOR AN OPEN
WOUND
• MINOR
•
Damage is only superficial and bleeding is
minimal
• Wash with soap and water cover with dressing
and a bandage
• MAJOR
•
Apply direct pressure to the wound
•
Dress and bandage the wound
•
Treat for shock
#32 TYPES OF BURNS
• Thermal (heat)
• Chemical
• Electrical
• Radiation
#33 SEVERITY OF A BURN
• Superficial
• Partial thickness
• Full thickness
#34 CRITICAL BURNS
• Difficulty breathing
• Covering more that one body part or a large
surface area
• Suspected burns to the airway
• Burns to the head neck hands feet or genitals
• Full thickness burn and younger than 5 or older
than 60
• Resulting from chemical, explosions or
electricity
#35 CARING FOR A BURN
• Check the scene for safety
• Stop the burning by removing the person from
the source of the burn
• Check for life-threatening conditions
• Cool the burn with large amounts of cold running
water
• Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing
• Prevent infection
• Take steps to minimize shock
• Keep the person form getting chilled or
overheated
• Comfort and reassure the person
#36 INJURY TO MUSCLES
BONES AND JOINTS
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•
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Fractures
Opened
Closed
Dislocation
Sprain
Strain
#37 R.I.C.E.
•
•
•
•
REST
IMMOBLIZE
COLD
ELEVATE
#38 WHEN TO SPLINT
• Splint only…
• In the position in which you find it
• The Injured area and the joints or
bones above and below the injury
site
• If you will be transporting the
person to medical care
#39 TYPES OF SPLINTS
•
Soft
•
Rigid
•
Anatomic
•
Sling and binder
#40
HEAT RELATED EMERGENCIES
• Heat Cramps
• Heat Exhaustion
• Heat Stroke
• Young children and elderly are the most
susceptible to extremes in temperatures
#41
COLD RELATED EMEMGENCIES
• Frostbite
• Hypothermia
• Young children and elderly are the most
susceptible to extremes in temperature