“In this corner …”
France and England go at it.
Worldwide competition
Starting in 1689.
 Total of four wars. Indecisive.
Fourth war:
 Seven Years’ War in Europe.
 French and Indian War in North
America.

French and Indian War
1754-1763
 1754. Washington and militiamen start
the war over the Ohio country.
 Early victories for the French. Braddock
defeated at Fort Duquesne.
 Concentrated Indian attacks.

The turning point
1757 William Pitt becomes Prime
Minister of England. Redoubles war
effort in North America.
 1759. General Wolfe captures Quebec.
Importance?
 General Amherst captures Montreal.
Importance?

Meanwhile ….
Frederick the Great (Prussian) beats up
on the French, Spanish, Austrians and
Russians.
 Importance?
Albany Plan:
 Unify the Iroquois against the French.
 Unify the colonies. (Franklin) Wasn’t
accepted.

Hostilities end
Treaty of Paris (1763)
 Eliminated France as a colonial power in
North America.
 Britain gets Canada and all French
territory east of the Mississippi (except
New Orleans) and Florida from Spain.
 ?? Spain gets Orleans and W. of La.
Results of the F and I War.
On the colonies:
 Gained self-confidence and military
experience.
 Saw the need for colonial unity.
 Had the danger of attack by the French
and Indians removed. This therefore:
 ????
On Britain
The war led Britain to neglect the
colonies. This allowed for the: exercise
of virtual self-gov’t and the ability to
evade British mercantilist restrictions on
the colonial economy.
 Britain believed the colonies:
1. Had not cooperated enough during
the war.

2. Had gained too much from the victory.
3. Should have to pay for the costs of
the war.
Pontiac
1763. Ottawa chief Pontiac leads a
campaign to drive the British out of the
Ohio Valley.
 Defeated by arms and disease.
 British saw the need to stabilize
relations with the Indians and to station
troops in the colonies.

Get outta my face….
The Proclamation of 1763.
 Prohibited settlement in the areas
beyond the Appalachians.
 Reserved for the Indians. Secure the
fur trade and stop Indian uprisings.
 Also sought to prevent the colonists
from being out of British reach.
What did they do?
Large migration on the westward trials
that led through North Carolina.
 Attitudinal response.
