Bellringer
-marriage laws
Namestandards
2 powers that are
-school
-traffic
laws
RESERVED
for the states
Why is the Mississippi River
Trade from the Midwest to the
important
to America AND
Gulf of Mexico. The Louisiana
when
did the US gain control
Purchase
of it?
Bellringer
What are some
dangers of life in a
wagon ?
“Native Americans!”
Bellringer
Explain two reasons President Andrew
Jackson was sometimes referred to as a
King.
Why did Texas want to join the United
States after it became an independent
nation?
Moving West
Why do people move?
Westward Expansion
As the Americans continued to push West to satisfy Manifest Destiny, the nation
was undergoing many changes. These changes range from technological , social,
and political changes.
At first, the only Americans in the West were explorers and hunters. Soon, religious
persecution pushed the Mormons to Salt Lake City. Then the discovery of Gold in
California sped up the move West.
As the nation expanded West, it seemed as though Manifest Destiny would truly
become a reality.
Manifest Destiny- idea
that America should take
over the continent to the
West
Westward Expansion
At first, the only Americans in the West were explorers and hunters. Soon, religious
persecution pushed the Mormons to Salt Lake City. Then the discovery of Gold in
California sped up the move West.
As the nation expanded West, it seemed as though Manifest Destiny would truly
become a reality.
Manifest Destiny- idea
that America should take
over the continent to the
West
Review: Northwest Ordinance 1787
Established by the Articles of Confederation to create the process for
admitting new states to the Union. These new states comprised the Ohio River
Valley and slavery was NOT allowed in these territories.
Expansion
Throughout the 1800s, the United States will expand according to Manifest
Destiny. the United States government used treaties, war and purchases to add
more territory to the country.
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Despite being a strict constructionist, Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
Territory from Napoleon. Justified through the Elastic Clause, this purchase
doubled the size of the US and gave trade rights along the Mississippi River.
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
Secretary of State Adams negotiated with the Spanish for Florida. Not only did
the Spanish give up Florida, but the Spanish also dropped claim to the Pacific
Northwest (Oregon, Washington, etc). In return, the Americans dropped their
claim to Texas.
Texas 1845
After Mexico won its independence from Spain,
Southern American plantation owners began moving
into the area known as Texas. Within a decade,
enough Americans had moved to Texas that they
declared themselves an independent nation,
breaking away from Mexico.
Soon after, the Texans began asking to join the
United States of America.
The Alamo!!
Remember the Alamo? When the Texans declared Independence from
Mexico, Santa Ana’s troops attacked and destroyed the forces at the Alamo.
This defeat ultimately caused the Texans to push harder for their
independence.
Texas (cont…)
The United States was conflicted about Texas. Allowing Texas to join would
mean adding another slave state, and angering the Mexicans who claimed
the land.
In 1845 Texas joined the Union as a slave state.
Oregon 1846
Great Britain ceded Oregon, Washington, Idaho and parts of Montana and
Wyoming. This deal was part of a compromise where the British agreed to
extend the Northern border along the 49th parallel all the way to the Pacific
Coast. . (Canada)
Mexican Cession 1848
California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado and
Wyoming join the union after signing the Treaty of Hidalgo, which ended the
Mexican War
Cession- the
formal giving up of
rights to property,
beliefs, claims
Mexican War 1846-1848
The Mexican war had several causes, primarily the acceptance of Texas into the
United States, border disputes between Texas and Mexico, and President Polk’s
outspoken desire to acquire California and the Southwest.
Mexican War
President Polk attempted to purchase the lands of California and New Mexico
for 30 million. However, the Mexican government would not even listen to the
offer.
Polk responded by sending 3,000 troops into
Texas, to the Rio Grande River. The US had long
held the Rio Grande as the boundary between
Mexico and Texas, but Mexico considered the
boundary the Nueces River. By positioning
American troops on the Rio Grande, Polk was
inciting violence, and an excuse for war.
Mexican War (cont…)
Mexico considered Polk’s army, led by Zachary Taylor, an invasion. Soon the
Mexicans skirmished with the Americans, prompting the US Congress to
declare War in April 1846.
The War would include fighting in Texas, Mexico, California and New Mexico.
The fighting ended when American forces took the Capital Mexico City from
Santa Ana’s Troops.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
Mexico had few bargaining chips when it came to negotiating the end of the Mexican
War. As a result, Mexico was heavily defeated:
1) Mexico gave up Texas to the Rio Grande River
2) New Mexico and California, making up 2/5 of Mexico, was signed over to the US
3) US paid Mexico $15 million
Gadsden Purchase 1853
Five years after the Mexican War, the US bought 30,000 square miles of land in
New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million. This purchase is known as the Gadsden
Purchase, and eventually was where the transcontinental Railroad would be built.
United States by 1853
What is the meaning of this cartoon?
PLUCKED:
The Mexican eagle before the war
The Mexican eagle after
the war
Review
The phrase “by military conquest, treaty, and purchase” best
describes the
1. steps in the growth of American industry
2. methods used to expand the territory of the United
States
3. Major parts of President Woodrow Wilson’s 14
points
4. Causes of the US entry into the Korean War
Review
When President Thomas Jefferson acquired the Louisiana
Territory from France in 1803, he demonstrated that he had
modified his belief that
1.
2.
3.
4.
The constitution should be strictly interpreted
The federal government should limit individual rights
Adding territory would lead to regional rivalries
Commercial development was the main goal of the federal
government
Review
Manifest destiny was used to justify an American desire to
1. Limit the number of immigrants entering the country
2. Control the area located east of the Appalachian
Mountains
3. Expand the United States to the Pacific Ocean
4. Warn European countries against colonizing Latin America
Transportation Revolution
New technologies made transporting goods and resources cheaper and faster than
ever before. These technologies allowed the West to get resources to Northern
industries, and Northern goods to Western markets.
Erie Canal- connect West to the Atlantic through the Great lakes, Erie canal and
Hudson River
Railroads- the invention of the steam engine allowed the nation to transport vast
quantities quickly and cheaply.
Pacific Railway Acts 1862 and 1864
To encourage movement west, railway companies began to claim land to
connect the East and West. The railroad companies were given huge tracts
of land to create quick transportation to the West. Additionally, these
railroads were given the mile on either side of the track to sell for profit.
Transcontinental Railway 1869
The pacific Railway Act authorized the use of public lands and cash loans to build a
railroad to connect the East and West coasts. Thousands of immigrants worked to
complete the railroad.
Westward Push
The government passed to laws to promote the settling of the West:
The Morrill Land-Grant Act- Land given to colleges to sustain them and provide
education to the West
Homestead Act- signed in 1862 by President Lincoln, this act promised 160
acres of land to households who would work the land for a minimum of 5 years.
By 1900, over 600,000 had taken advantage of the Homestead Act to move
West
Wagon trains
Moving west was no simple matter. Families would save for months to buy the needed
supplies. It took an additional 4-5 months to reach the destination. Along the way
settlers had to make the best decision for all their party. Wagon trails were created as
hundreds of wagons crossed the plains for Oregon, California and the general West.
Oregon Trail
After the British and Americans agreed to the 49th Parallel as the boundary
between Canada and the US, American citizens started moving in. The Trail was
difficult, and many settlers died along the way from malnutrition and disease.
What are some
dangers of life in a
wagon ?
“Native Americans!”
Donner Party
One group headed West was the Donner
Party. This group consisted of nearly 80
wagons. However, George Donner and nine
wagons decided to take an unproven
shortcut through the Rocky mountains.
They were trapped by terrible storms,
starving and desperate, they resorted to
cannibalism to survive.
California Gold
John Sutter hired a carpenter to build a mill in his new colony. This carpenter
discovered gold! Within months thousands had come to Sutter’s land to
discover gold. The California Gold Rush had begun. The Population exploded:
1848– 14,000
1849– 100,000
1852– 200,000
Most settlers followed the California wagon trails,
but some took ships around South America to the
Californian coast
49ers
The greatest rush for gold occurred in 1849. The young men who travelled
during this year became known as the 49ers. Nearly every man journeying
to California were young, single men.
Not only American men rushed to find gold. Thousands of Chinese
immigrants arrived to try their luck as well.
Ghost Towns
With each new discovery of gold, new towns would spring up overnight.
Hundreds would arrive, but as the gold dried up, the towns would go Bust,
becoming deserted Ghost Towns.
The Western Woman
Even though mostly families travelled to the West, life was difficult on the
Frontier. Women were often left alone for long periods to care for the home
and children. Women had to prevent Squatters from taking pieces of their
land while their husbands left to earn money.
These solitary life styles led women to push for suffrage, or the right to
vote.
Wyoming
As Frontier women continued to prove themselves as able homemakers the
Western cities began respecting their opinions. By 1887 two Kansas towns
allowed Women’s Suffrage. In 1890, Wyoming became the first state to
have women’s suffrage written into the state constitution.
The American Dream
As settlers continued to flood to the West America became known as the place where
hard workers could make their own fortunes. This became the American dream,
having freedom including the opportunity to achieve success with hard work.
Review
During the early 1800s, the US placed few
restrictions on immigration because
1. The Constitution did not allow restrictions
2. Labor unions welcomes the new workers
3. Southern landowners needed additional
workers
4. The industrial economy was creating new
jobs
Review
The Louisiana Purchas had great geographic
significance for the United States because it
1. Reduced British control of North America
2. Focused the US on Westward Expansion
3. Extended US control over Mexico
4. Decreased Tensions with Native American
Indians
Review
In 1862, the Homestead Act and Pacific Railway
Act were passed primarily to
1. Achieve a Northern victory in the Civil War
2. Develop the Midwest and western parts of
the country
3. Improve the lives of freed slaves
4. Expand overseas markets to Asia and Europe
Grand Coulee Dam
The Grand Coulee helped America expand to the west because it provided a water
source and power source for the arid (dry) climate of the west Coast.
Railroads and Time Zones
Thanks to the transcontinental railroad, the US set standard time zones so
everyone knew the time. Before the Time Zones were set, each town had its
own time, making train schedules extraordinarily difficult.