WASH Cluster
Contingency Plan
Version 4 August 2013
(Version 3, 10th June 2011, Version 2: April 2009, Version 1, August 2008)
Prepared by: WASH Cluster Nepal
8/1/2013
WASH Cluster Member Agencies:
Ministry of Planning and Physical Works/MPPW
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage/DWSS
Department of Local Infrastructure and Development of Agriculture Roads (DOLIDAR)
Nepal Water Supply Corporation (NWSC)
Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board (KVWSMB)
Kathmandu Upathekya Kanepani Limited (KUKL)
Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS)
Oxfam GB
Lutheran World Federation (LWF)
Save the Children
Plan Nepal
CARE Nepal
World Vision International (WVI)
NGO Forum
DEPROSC
SAPROSC
Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH)
Environnent Public Heath Organisation (ENPHO)
KIRDARC
UN-HABITAT
World Health Organisation (WHO)
United Nations Children’s Funds (UNICEF)
1
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction
3
2.
Objectives
3
3.
Hazard and Risk Analysis
3
4.
Scenarios
4
5.
General Impact of Major Disasters
6
6.
Emergency WASH Services
8
7.
Responsibilities and Authorities
8
8.
WASH Cluster Contingency Plan Components
10
9.
Agency Capacity Outline
39
10.
Focal Person and Second Person in Contact
45
Annex-1 WASH Cluster Communication Tree
49
Annex2. MIRA tool
51
2
1. Introduction
This WASH Cluster Contingency Plan has been developed based upon the Multi Hazard Scenario
that affects Nepal. Nepal is at high risk of a multitude of natural hazards such as floods, landslides,
earthquakes, fires, cyclonic winds, hailstorms, and drought which can lead to famines and epidemic
outbreaks in their aftermath (IASC, 2013). In order for the WASH Cluster to work effectively and
efficiently to support the Government of Nepal to address any disasters that occur in Nepal, this
WASH Cluster Contingency Plan has been developed from series of consultation and joint work of the
cluster members.
As part of the preparedness and development process, in September 2012, the WASH cluster
conducted Simulation Exercise to test its capacity to respond to large scale disaster. The Government
line agencies; I/NGOs cluster members and UN agencies participated this Simulation exercise. Based
on the learnings and suggestions by the cluster members, the Contingency Plan has been developed
for multi hazard scenario that affected Nepal in various scales. The Contingency Plan was thoroughly
reviewed by Cluster Contingency Plan Review Committee that consisted of key cluster members such
as MoUD, DWSS, NRCS, Oxfam, UN- Habitat, NEWAH and UNICEF.
The revised WASH Cluster Contingency Plan which is a live document consists of additional
component based on the discussion and consultation with the cluster members. These additions
include overall Cluster Capacity, Communication Tree, agency focal person and secondary focal
person, preparedness timeline and status on preparedness and response matrix, District Lead
Support Agency (DLSA) list. These information were added based on the consultation and
suggestions by cluster members to have a handy document that supports for any kind of actions to be
taken by WASH Cluster in any case of disaster. The Contingency Plan is review every year to update
overall WASH cluster capacity.
2. Objectives
To clearly define the responsibilities and deliverables of WASH agencies in the event of a major
disaster in Nepal and to define priority preparedness activities of the WASH cluster in order to ensure
adequacy of capacity to respond.
It should be noted that while the primary hazard for this plan is for a major earthquake and floods, the
WASH cluster is not precluded from applying the same coordination arrangements, delivering the
same emergency services and responding to similar sectoral needs arising from displacements of
families and other related issues caused by other hazards, e.g. landslides, outbreaks, fires, cyclonic
winds, hailstorms, drought cold waves and civil disturbance/armed conflict.
3. Hazard and Risk Analysis
An inventory of past disastrous events during 1971-2008 reveals that epidemics take the largest toll
of life every year, and that landslides, floods (including flash floods) and urban or rural fires are the
principle hazards in terms of their extent and frequency. Earthquakes are a major potential hazard.
The country is located on an active seismic belt and the urbanization trend over the past decade,
and the inopportune disregard of earthquake-resistant measures in building construction, is the
cause of an ever-increasing risk. The entire country falls in a high earthquake intensity belt. The
seismic zoning map of Nepal, which depicts the primary (shaking) hazard, divides the country into
three zones elongated in a northwest-southeast direction; the middle part of the country is slightly
higher than the northern and the southern parts. The flat plains of Terai in the south of the country
show the highest level of susceptibility to liquefaction. A devastating earthquake does not occur
frequently, and hence its impact is not reflected in statistics covering the past 30-40 years. However,
should it occur, the damage would be significant. The loss of life from a strong earthquake in
Kathmandu valley is difficult to estimate but the scenarios used by all clusters in the planning
process are 100,000 fatalities, with injury cases at 300,000, displaced figures of 1.8 million and
3
almost all critical facilities, such as hospitals, over 60% damaged.
Among the major natural hazards, floods and landslides are the most recurrent in Nepal, claiming an
average of about 2111 lives annually over the past ten years. The middle hills and the higher
mountains are highly susceptible to landslides and debris flows, including those due to landslide
damming, excessive erosion of hill slopes, and rock falls. The flat plains of the Terai face sheet
flooding, exacerbated by the huge deposition of debris in riverbeds and by the construction of
embankments across rivers.
Fire is a problem for all settlements in rural as well as urban areas of the Terai where the summer
temperatures can reach 45o Celsius. Cyclonic winds are a recurrent hazard which destroys
horticultural crops in spring, while hailstorms cause significant harm to summer and winter crops,
especially in mountainous areas of the country.
Glacier Lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFs) and avalanches are typical of high Himalayan regions.
GLOF hazards result from outbursts of glacial lakes due to the destruction of natural dams that
contain the lake water. Most of these lakes are dammed either by ice-core moraine or by moraine
debris. The damage occurs due to the destruction of the moraine dam by backwater erosion due to
rapid melting, by avalanches, or by melting of the ice-core of the moraines.
4. Scenarios
The Scenario of major disaster has been referred by WASH Cluster on the basis of scenarios defined
by Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC).
Two major scenarios:
1. Major earthquake in the Kathmandu Valley
2. Floods in the Terai
Scenario for a Major Earthquake Centred in the Kathmandu Valley
An earthquake measuring Magnitude 8 on the
Richter scale and centred on the Kathmandu
Valley hits the Himalayan region, causing
deaths and damage in northern India, Nepal,
China and Bhutan, affecting 50 million people.
The magnitude of the damage will require a
regional response that will delay and complicate
assistance. In hilly and mountainous areas,
most roads, bridges and many airfields will be
blocked by landslides and unusable for many
days. On the plains and riverbeds, liquefaction
will cause bridges and rail lines to weaken, warp
or subside. In Kathmandu valley, 100,000
deaths would occur, 300,000 injured and a
planning figure of 1.8 million would be
displaced. Government capacity would be severely limited and restricted.
4
Key Impacts
100,000 people killed; 100,000 people severly injured, 200,000 moderately injured; 1.8 million
people severely affected or displaced; airport severely affected (requiring several hours to restore
Air Traffic Control); major bridges on the main rivers rendered unsafe; administrative buildings
severely damaged; more than half the government employees not reporting to work for nearly a
week; communications network in the valley interrupted for three weeks; water supply for nearly
two-thirds of the population affected.
Scenario for floods in the Terai
Flooding in Nepal is becoming an annual episode and is likely to occur particularly in the Terai
region. The number of displaced households will exceed 60,000, excluding those displaced
downstream in neighbouring India. Immediate destruction of infrastructure and of water and
sanitation facilities is anticipated with likely outbreaks of water-borne diseases, affecting some
35,000 people. Internal displacement will exceed more than 5-10km and last more than 4 weeks
and thus require camp management support. The floods will disrupt learning activities for some
100,000 school children.
Key impacts
1,000 people killed; 3,000 injured, 66,000 households displaced, 35,000 people affected,
100,000 school children not able to attend school; major bridges on the main rivers destroyed;
airports in the affected districts rendered dysfunctional; road links to India and other parts of the
country destroyed; the local government offices severely damaged and dysfunctional; local
communication network down for a week.
EPIDEMICS
Aside from Earthquakes and Floods,
Epidemics are in fact the number one killer
in Nepal, with an average of 410 deaths
per year as a stand-alone cause or a
result of disasters such as earthquake and
floods During 1983-2010, 22,306 people
lost their lives (MoHA,2004;DWIDP,
2010). Fifty-two per cent of those deaths
were caused by epidemics. The pattern is
not much changed during later time as
well.
Lack of treated drinking water supply and
poor hygiene conditions, not only in the
rural areas but also in the crowded,
unplanned urban settlements are the cause for the potentially high risk from epidemic. gastroenteritis, cholera, encephalitis, meningitis, dysentery and diarrhea account for more than 50% of
the total deaths due to epidemics. Break out of epidemics after a major disaster such as flood and
earthquake etc. is quite frequent.
Epidemics of contagious diseases have two peaks: during the months of May and June, before the
rainy season begins and in August, the height of the monsoon. Unsafe drinking water and poor
sanitation are the main causes of water-borne diseases in Nepal. Water- borne diseases continue
to take lives in Nepal. In fact, over 80 per cent of all illness is attributed to inadequate access to
clean water supplies, poor sanitation and poor hygiene practices.
5
5. General Impact of Major Disasters
Having safe water and sanitation is basic human rights. In case of major disaster these human rights
are violated The following matrix shows risk factors due to disasters and major impacts on WASH
service that will hamper access to and provision of WASH facilities.
Earthquake (Shaking and displacement of the ground), Human epidemic (Increase in the number of cases of an
infectious disease affecting humans above what is considered normal level), General flood (Slowly rising water levels
caused by rainfall or snowmelt), Flash flood (Water levels rising quickly, caused by rainfall)
Risk factors
Potential general
effects
 Tectonic activity
 Presence or introduction pathogen
 Environment favorable to transmission (e.g.
presence pathogens/ vectors/ hosts, poor
sanitation)
 Inadequate services (WASH, public health)
 Behavior causing transmission
 Population displacement
 Low resistance or immunity level population
 Intense rainfall
 Topography
 Deforestation
 Fire
 Collapse of dam
 Casualties (death and injury)
 Population displacement
 Destruction of crops and food supplies
 Poor food security
 Destruction of (livelihood) assets
 Destruction of infrastructure
 Environmental damage and pollution
 Environment favorable to disease transmission
 Reduced access
Materials
 Damage or loss of materials (e.g. damage to
pumps, assets destroyed in collapsed buildings)
 Increased need in materials (e.g. for repair
infrastructure, spares, tools, consumables)
 Materials used may not be adequate, or new
materials may be needed (e.g. introduce
chlorination)
 Potential increased need in materials (e.g.
consumables, quality monitoring equipment)










Prolonged rains
Snowmelt
Breach of dam/ outburst of glacial lake
Topography
Deforestation
Poor storm water drainage
Poor solid waste management
Urbanization
Poor water management
Poor farming practices




Mortality
Morbidity
Environment favorable to transmission
(presence pathogens/ vectors/ hosts, poor
sanitation)
Reduction of food security
Strain on public services
Casualties (death and injury)
Population displacement
Destruction of crops and food supplies
Poor food security
Destruction of (livelihood) Assets
Destruction of infrastructure
Breakdown public services
Large-scale disruption of society










Organization
 Increased needs in resources for maintenance
of service level and recovery
 Disruption of normal procedures and systems
 Potential increased needs in resources for
maintenance of service level
 Disruption of normal procedures and systems;
possibly new or modified procedures/systems
needed
 Potential increased needs in resources for
maintenance of service level
 possibly new or modified procedures/systems
needed
6
Potential effects on
WASH services
Infrastructure
 Damage to infrastructure (e.g. damage to dams
through waves, damage or collapse of wells and
pits, cracked/ collapsed buildings, cracked/
caved in/ collapsed reservoirs, damage/
destruction water/ sewage pipes)
 Existing infrastructure may not be adequate to
provide service levels needed
 Damage to infrastructure (e.g. damage to
overflowing dams, damage to infrastructure by
erosion, settlement of soil, floating debris,
settling of soil)
 The course of rivers may change resulting in
loss of intakes
 Systems affected by deposited sediments
Inputs
 Difficulty in raising funds needed for operation and
recovery
 Contamination of water source (e.g. leaking of
chemicals in surface water, saline water
intrusion)
 Reduced water availability as sources may be
affected (e.g. water in wells or springs being lost
through newly formed fissures)
 Contamination of water in distribution system
 Difficulty in obtaining consumables, spares,
equipment
Human resources
 Reduced productivity workforce (e.g. workers
affected or attending to livelihoods and family)
 Need in additional capacity (both in number and
potentially skills) to deal with damage
assessment, damage repair, monitoring,
changes in organization, communication
 Reduced productivity workforce (e.g. workers
sick, attending to family, afraid to come into
work)
 Need in additional capacity (both in number and
potentially skills) to deal with monitoring,
changes in organisation and procedures,
communication
 Reduced productivity workforce (e.g. workers
attending to livelihoods and family, poor access
to service structures)
 Need in additional capacity (both in number and
potentially skills) to deal with damage
assessment, damage repair, monitoring,
changes in organization, communication,
transport
External infrastructure and service providers
 Suppliers may be affected
 Possible liability issues on materials/ structures in
use and damaged
 Transport and communication systems will be
affected.
 Emergency response may claim part of capacity
 Reduced supply in external services (e.g.
electricity, waste management; may be
damaged)
 Difficulty in obtaining specialist support (on
same terms); specialists may be affected, or
claimed for emergency response
 Possibly transport and communication under
pressure
 Reduced supply in external services (e.g.
electricity, waste management) if emergency
response ongoing
 Difficulty in obtaining specialist support (on
same terms) if changes in service needed or
major emergency response ongoing
Other
Change in frameworks/ context/ politics
Users
 Change in ability and demands users
 Change in attitude users
7
6. Emergency WASH Services
WASH response includes 5 major areas of intervention where all WASH actors need to address to
avoid possible waterborne risks and impacts of the affected population.
Safe and Adequate Water: The basic amount of water required to meet basic needs (drinking,
cooking, personal and domestic hygienic requirements) that are sufficiently safe in terms of quality
and quantity. The provision of safe water also takes into account the process around abstraction,
treatment, storage, transmission and distribution, as well as storage in the household.
Sanitation: Is defined as the safe management of human excreta, which includes hardware (latrines
etc) and software (hygiene and public health promotion and information) needed to reduce faecal-oral
disease transmission. Safe disposal of human excreta creates the first barrier to excreta-related
disease, helping to reduce transmission through direct and indirect routes.
Hygiene promotion: Hygiene promotion is defined as the mix between the population's knowledge,
practice and resources and agency knowledge and resources, which together enable risky hygiene
behaviours to be avoided. The three key factors are 1) a mutual sharing of information and
knowledge, 2) the mobilisation of communities and 3) the provision of essential materials and
facilities.
Drainage: Surface water in or near emergency settlements may come from household and water
point wastewater, leaking toilets and sewers, rainwater or rising floodwater. The main health risks
associated with surface water are contamination of water supplies and the living environment,
damage to toilets and dwellings, vector breeding and drowning.
Waste Management: The proper disposal and management of organic solid waste so as to reduce
major public health risks such as fly and rat breeding and surface water pollution. This would take
into account the entire system from household disposal to collection and disposal within a larger
refuse system.
In order to meet basic standards of service delivery as mandated for WASH Response, the WASH
Cluster will follow the Sphere Standard which is the global standard for service delivery for WASH.
See Annex for Sphere Standard for WASH response.
7. Responsibilities and Authorities
The Government of Nepal is responsible for overall humanitarian response. One of the areas of
responsibility of the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is to facilitate increased access to the
provision of water supply and better sanitation facilities. Some relevant objectives and mandates of
the MoUD Water and sanitation Division:



Water and Sanitation Division will act as secretariat and maintain working relation with
the WASH cluster and humanitarian agencies;
To perform the role of a coordinator among governmental, non-governmental and private
organizations as well as bodies involved in the water and sanitation sector
To make proper arrangements for clean drinking water and public sanitation for the
protection of public health of affected people.
It should also be noted that there lacks a strong emergency function within the Ministry, and no policy
that defines emergency objectives.
The Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the lead agency for drinking water
supply and sanitation service delivery in Nepal which falls under the MoUD. The DWSS retains an
advisory and enabling role in the overall mandate of the MoUD.
8
Water Supply and Sanitation Division and Sub Division Office (WSSDO/WSSSDO) is the district
level office of the DWSS and is responsible for implementation of water and sanitation activities which
also leads the WASH emergency response for all 75 districts of Nepal.
District Technical Office (DTO) is the technical unit under the District Development Committee and
is responsible for lical infrastructure implementation including water and sanitation component serving
below 1,000 population
Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board is an autonomous and independent entity
established under Water Supply Management Board (WSMB) Act (2006), which is the asset owner of
all the water supply and sewerage facilities (from NWSC) of the Kathmandu Valley and responsible
for developing and overseeing service policies.
Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) has been set up as an operator as mentioned in
the Company Act (2006) following the public private partnership (PPP) modality with the Government,
municipalities and the private entities holding major share. It has been awarded a 30-year lease, to
operate and manage water supply and sewerage services in Kathmandu Valley by using the assets of
KVWSMB.
The WASH Cluster in Nepal will assist the above government agencies to meet the needs of people
affected by emergencies. As of 2013, with Cluster transitioning in place, MoUD will be leading the
WASH Cluster with UNICEF co-leading from the Humanitarian agencies, UNICEF, under global
precedence will act as lead humanitarian agency in supporting the home government to respond and
coordinate and has the responsibility to ensure that coordination is taking place to adequately
respond to needs.
The principles of the cluster approach will be employed through enhanced coordination through a
more collective approach to working, recognising and drawing upon different agencies strengths,
actively seeking to identify gaps and weaknesses and agree actions to address these, and mutual
accountability.
Other agencies, including I/NGOs will be members of the cluster with a common aim of providing
adequate access to WASH facilities in the emergency scenario. It should be noted that all agencies
responding in WASH will have a responsibility to coordinate their activities and participate in the
WASH cluster to ensure maximum efficiency and efficacy of all donor funds and to meet the needs of
those affected.
9
1. WASH Cluster Contingency Plan Components
WASH response plan will be divided into 3 phases.
Phase -1 First 15 days for life saving response
Phase-2. from 16 days to 45 days and third phase will be from 46 days up to 90 days. All interventions would be implemented based on immediate need and priority of the
displaced population and standard timeframe will be established to deliver the life- saving intervention based on the ground reality.
a.
Safe water provision
Responsibility:
All Cluster members under KVWSMB/KUKL/MoUD leadership
bjective:
To provide safe drinking water to affected populations (estimated 3 million people for 30 days) at 7 L/person/day initially and upgraded within one month to
15L /person/day (for drinking, hygiene and cooking).
Standard:
See objective for quantity; accessibility, reliability and quality following Nepal Standard and Sphere standards on drinking water quality for emergencies
Activity/Steps to be taken
Responsibility
Response
Timeline
Preparedness Action
MoUD and all
cluster members
24 hours
Identify focal persons to assess
damage
Preparedn
ess
Timeline
Status
Temporary emergency water supply
1
Available cluster members meet at 2 PM at MoUD
Singh Durbar day after event in order to assess
immediate WASH needs and existing.
Standby cluster
capacity for
assessment
10
2
Form and send out assessment teams (use existing
roster) by zoning to conduct assessment (preferably
multi-cluster team)
MoUD, and as per
defined cluster
members
72 hours
Develop assessment teams, format
for assessment + training, and divide
into zones for assessment to take
place, disseminate format (using IRA,
MIRA etc)
3
Immediately after assessment, develop strategy for
temporary delivery of water. This should have provision
of supply bottled water for drinking purpose only for few
days. Should take into account, the extent of damage of
system (what is available e.g. working boreholes,
surface water).
KUKL, WSSDO,
UNICEF, MoUD,
7 days
1. Collect pre-existing info on sources
(map) to be assessed; information on
discharge, water quality etc. Map
main water transmission lines, deep
wells, dhunge dharas, and other
potential water sources, inventory of
water supply infrastructure in
Kathmandu Valley and conduct
vulnerability assessment of sources.
The strategy would include following aspects:





immediate trucking of water (source + routes
depending on road destruction)
locations and distribution of different size of tanks +
tap stand in communities, health facilities and
larger capacity at camps
immediate fixes/repair to infrastructure needed
distribution of household water chlorination product
and water containers
4. system for monitoring of water supply at
collection point, and plan to increase quantity of
water supplied/ capacity of storage
Aug 2013
DWSS- 5, NRCS- 28,
UNICEF- 4, Oxfam4
Total capacity 65,200
HH or 326000
populations- water
trucking system, water
purification, bottled
water, deep well
inventory ,stockpiles
for water supply
2. Collect information on the status of
public water (stone) spouts & dug
wells (private water sources); and
collect info on availability of water from
designated deep tubewells.
3. Contacts of tanker companies with
pre-existing agreements.
4. Complete contingency supply plan,
with availability of water storage tanks,
household water treatment etc. and
local suppliers including private and
charity organizations- marwadi swewa
samiiti, rotary, jaycees, religious
organizations etc.
4
Assess and mobilize existing deep wells, pumping
operators to start pumping and treatment of water
supply
MoUD DWSS,
KVWSMB, KUKL
7 days
Mapping of potentials deep bore holes
with discharge, retrofitting, back- up
power generation, nozzle pipes etc
Identify existing deep wells as per
identified open space for IDPs
October
2013
Inventory with GIS of
750 of deep wells
available
2 deep well in IDP site
in operation, 5 more
11
operational by end of
2013
5
Get information on operability of roads and bridges
within the city to input into development of water
distribution and repair plan
MoUD
24 hours
onward
Map of road network, bridges etc. and
map out possible distribution network
for tankering based on risks of road
collapse
6
Start repair of water supply system through repair of
breakages and source, prioritizing temporary repairs as
identified in strategy.
KUKL, DWSS/
WSSDO with
support from
Cluster members
7 days
onwards
MoUD- KUKL and DWSS,
Municipalities, to train rapid response
teams for emergency repair work on
water supply facilities.
This would include treatment of contaminated water
sources.
To be
updated
every year
DWSS- Every WSSDO
has technician for
maintenance the
system
List of Plumbers from Municipalities
7
Mobilize supply of water tanks/distribution points for
tankers
KVWSMB/KUKL/U
NICEF, INGOs,
Tanker Association
72 hours
Mapping of water tankers and standby agreement
8
Mobilize tankers
MoUD/KUKL,
WSSDO + local
municipality
72 hours
Coordination with logistic cluster for
fuel stockpile; Information on private
tanker companies
9
Treatment of water at designated deep tube
wells/source and treatment of water by tanker driver in
tankers
KUKL+WASH
Humanitarian
Agencies ,ENPHO
72 hours
Stockpile of chlorine, guideline
translated in Nepali to tanker drivers
on tanker chlorination
To be
updated
every year
Standby agreement of
Oxfam, KUKl
KUKL and Oxfam has
information on tanker
companies
July 2013
Granular Chlorine150 kg, 2- water
treatment plant- 4000
l/hr-NRCS ;
ENPHO can help
translation of use of
chlorine guideline in
Nepali and pot
chlorination using
bleaching powder
Oxfam to train tanker
12
association
10
Disseminate information on location of water distribution
points to the public
WASH Cluster,
KUKL, MoHP and
local media/
volunteer, CCCM,
IT cluster
72 hours
Coordinate with CCCM, shelter and IT
cluster
Cluster is doing with
KVWSMB
Develop standard WASH messages, get agreement by
WASH and Health Cluster in advance
WASH cluster,
DWSS,
NHEICC/DHS
72 hours
Common WASH message for safe
water prepared
WASH basic message
available for airing with
NHEICC/DHS,
UNICEF, NRCS, UNHabitat
11
Mobilize logistics of fuel (for continuous tankering)
MoUD ,WASH and
cluster, Logistics
cluster
7 days
Coordination with logistic cluster
information on current fuel stocks
On- going
12
Distribution of WASH NFRI to affected populations:
Distribute pre-positioned 65 200 bucket set/Gerri cans
and purification tablets/solutions and place requisition
for additional 65,200 bucket set/Gerri cans.(65200HH x
15ltx 30 days)= 293,440,000ltrs
WCC/UNICEF,
MoUD/DWSS
Humanitarian
WASH NGOs
List of private suppliers for NFIs
(chlorine, buckets etc.) and map out
contingency stock from NGOs/Gov’t
etc. and develop LTA
NFRI prepositioned for
65,200 HH; LTAs by
NRCS,Oxfam and
UNICEF with various
vendors/producers
Prepare cluster inventory/stocklist of
WASH NFRI
Cluster members to pre-position
WASH NFRI
13
13
Monitoring of quantity and quality of distributed water
through tankering
MoUD, DWSS,
WCC, accredited
water quality
laboratory
72 hours of
distribution by
tankers
Prepare standard checklist in advance
and train KUKL and humanitarian
NGOs officials/ Maintain roster of
trained personnel
August
2013
DWSS- 10,NRCS- 25,
NRCS has water
quality guideline
monitoring guideline,
NRCS has roster of
WASH trained and
disaster trained
persons (6 RDRT, 80
NDRT, 100 WRT in
WASH
ENPHO can help
preparation of standard
checklist and provide
technical support for
providing water quality
testing using field test
kits
UNICEF Roster of
trained people at the
district/national level
available but needs
updating
Core Commitment for
Children monitoring
checklist ready for use
during emergency
14
Assessment of water supply in the fringe area
KVWSMB/KUKL,
MoUD, DWSS, ,
WCC/
Humanitarian
NGOs
7 days
Jointly carry of feasibility survey of
potential water sources(stream,
spring, dug wells, shallow wells)
beyond the ring road
DWSSEquipment
and
guideline
should be
necessary
before
chaitra
DWSS- HR 500
14
15
Augment supply from in/outside core area and increase
number of water distribution points
KVWSMB/KUKL
and MoUD,
WSSDOs
7 days
WCC, CCCM,
NGOs, shelter
cluster, DDRCs
7 days
DWSSmapping of
W/S
system at
winter
season
DWSS- NMIP Data
Immediate provision of water at camps and medical
facilities
1
Coordinate with other clusters on locations of camps
and sizes, including site layout & planning. Identify
locations of medical facilities
Identification of potential relocation
camps (already done for Lalitpur) for
Kathmandu and Bhaktapur
IOM- CCCM has
already registered 83
open spaces for IDP
sites with tentative
purpose of use
NRCS has Shelter
trained personnel with
shelter kits
2
Based on above, set up water storage and distribution
points (with drainage) within the camps and medical
facilities, mobilize tankering. In first instance, prioritize
provision of tankering to medical facilities and provide
back-up generator
UNICEF/WCC,
KUKL, MoUD,
I/NGOs, WSSDOs
7 days
NGOs to consider response capacity
for water supply etc.
3
Establish strong monitoring team to oversight ongoing
facility installation work as well as to monitoring water
quality
KUKL, DWSS,
NWSC, MoUD and
Humanitarian
NGOs, UNICEF,
UN HABITAT
7 days
Train and maintain back up repair and
maintenance teams
Restoration of Water Supply
15 days onward
After immediate repairs by KUKL repair teams, then
assessment of repairs needed to main water supply.
KVWSMB/KUKL,
4
30 days
NRCS has capacity to
20000 people to
respond for water
supply
Stockpile ie
pipe,
N/A
15
This would include:
●
●
●
MoUD, DWSS,
fittings,
tools etc
should be
needed
before
Chaitra
prioritizing repair of main trunk lines, and getting
water closer to tankering route
prioritizing repairs needed to source and
treatment plant
Then looking at repairs needed in branch lines
6
Complete strategy for repair to main water supply, which
would include identification of repair team and service
staff.
KUKL, DWSS,
MoUD, UNICEF,
UN Habitat
7 days
KUKL to consider their repair strategy
to water system
7
Mobilize repair teams. To enable service staff and
municipal workers to undertake repairs, facilities would
need to be provided to workers if they have been
personally affected by earthquake.
NFRI cluster,
WASH Cluster,
NRCS/CCCM
15 days
WASH cluster members who have
emergency kits and tents to consider
prioritize immediate distribution to
municipal workers who would be
undertaking critical restoration works.
8
Begin undertaking restoration of water supply as per
strategy developed.
KVWSMB/KUKL,D
WSS, NWSC,
MoUD
30 days
Identify potential companies and
maintain roster
9
Conduct detail assessment on WASH
16
8.2. Sanitation
Responsibility: MoUD/ /MLD/Municipalities/WCC + supporting humanitarian NGOs and UN agencies- UNICEF and UN HABITAT
Objective:
Provide adequate sanitation facilities for both displaced (1.8 million- UNOCHA) and living at their partially damage houses in order to safely
dispose of human excreta and reduce any major disease outbreak.
Standards:
Immediate excreta disposal options (designated defecation areas, trench latrines) - 1 week
1 toilet/50 people in 15-30 days; upgrade to 1 toilet/20 people (segregated by sex) after 1 month all in a package of hygiene promotion and
incorporating gender/disability components
Installation of urinals separate for male, female, children and disable people at larger camps
Provided at each latrine: 1- 10 lit bucket, 1lit mug for anal cleansing and latrine cleaning kit
Menstrual Hygiene Management system in place in female toilets
1 bathing space for 5 H/Hs (segregated by sex, therefore 2 bathing per 10 households including 1 male and 1 female). Gender child and
disable friendly bathing spaces
WASH Cluster strategy:
Agencies committing to construct temporary toilets and bathing facilities in camps to also make provisions for upgrading and repair, hygiene
promotion and ensure handwashing facilities in each latrine site.
17
Activity/Steps to be taken
Timeframe
Responsibility
Preparedness Action
Preparedness
time line
Status
Provision of Sanitation Facilities in Camps
1
Meet with relevant authorities (CDO, WSSDO, shelter
cluster) to define camp locations and layout plans; and
assign agency responsibilities and targets based on
standards. Camp design should take into account locations
of toilets, bathing spaces and hand washing points.
7 days
Shelter Cluster,
IOM, UN
HABITA ,
DDRCs WASH
Cluster
2
Construction of temporary toilets at camps by assigned
NGOs, taking into account needs for disabled people,
women and children.
7 days
Oxfam,
UNICEF,
NRCS (with
agreement
from cluster)
Will need to use pit latrines, in first instance (not pour flush)
due to lack of water.
Define and agree on standard latrine
design, cost estimate and drawing in
advance
1. Develop standard design of latrines,
urinals, bathing facilities, garbage pits,
Incinerator and cost of each items in
advance and agree between GON and
agencies working in Nepal. Get
partners/community opinion to ensure
these are people friendly and appropriate
2. Pre-position slabs, frames, tarpulins
All WASH
cluster
WASH Cluster
3
Construction of bathing facilities with drainage at camps by
assigned NGOs
3. Assessment of essential supplies in
the local market and establish alternate
mechanism to receive from outside Ktm
Standard WASH design
Technical Option manual
available
NRCS has its central
warehouse in Kathmandu
and has tarpaulin and
plastic sheeting preposition
and 40 plastic squatting
plates and 4 rapid toilets
ENPHO can also provide
some technical input in
design of trench latrines
from experience gained
from working at brick kilns
4. Identify potential supplies and
transporters and establish
procurement/transportation procedures.
Develop standard design of latrines,
urinals, garbage pits, Incinerator and
cost of each items in advance and agree
between GON and humanitarian
agencies working in Nepal
Technical option manual
available
18
4
Ensure toilets and bathing spaces to designated families in
conjunction with hygiene promotion and provision of toilet
cleaning kits (1 per toilet)
15 days
WCC, MoUD,
DWSS INGOs
Cluster to agree on toilet cleaning kit
contents.
July 2013
5
Regular repair and maintenance of installed latrines, bathing
facilities
15 days
Regular repair
by users and
monitoring by
WASH Cluster
Cluster members to recognize needs to
incorporate ongoing activities in budgets
6
Establish strong monitoring team to monitor ongoing facility
installation work and ongoing repair, maintenance, and
upgrading needs.
15 days
Users and
WASH cluster
Develop assessment and monitoring
tools and guidelines in advance and get
agreement among the GON/WASH
cluster and maintain electronic copy at
EOC and UN HQ and INGO/HQ
Develop
monitoring
check
tools/guideline
at end of July
2013
Regular Maintenance
budget
Provision of Sanitation Facilities for Partially Damaged
Households, Medical Facilities
1
After assessment, WASH cluster to target partially damaged
households and affected neighborhoods (at risk of disease
outbreak) where people are living in homes or with host
family
15 days
Shelter and
WASH Cluster
Develop/update indicators for level of
damage structures coordinating with
MoUD
December
2013
2
Construction of shared sanitation facilities by responding
NGO/ agency. Standard to be determined. For instance,
agency should determine with community on location of
latrine and how many families will be allocated. Due to
space and planning restrictions it may not be possible to
allocate 1 toilet/20 people.
15 days
WASH
cluster/WCC,
NGO
responsible,
WSSDO
1. Develop standard design of latrines,
urinals, garbage pits, Incinerator and
cost of each items in advance and agree
between GON and agencies working in
Nepal. Get partners/community opinion
to ensure these are people friendly and
appropriate
Until end of
July
Technical option manual
available.
Long Term agreement with
potential suppliers are
practice in UNICEF,
Oxfam, NRCS
2. Pre-position slabs, frames, tarpulins
3. Identify designated defecation sites
within the evacuation sites
19
4. Assessment of essential supplies in
the local market and establish alternate
mechanism to receive from outside Ktm
5. Identify potential supplies and
transporters and establish
procurement/transportation procedures
and Long term Agreement.
3
Regular repair and maintenance of installed latrines, bathing
facilities
15 days
Users, ,
MoUD, I/NGO
providing
facilities
Cluster members to recognize needs to
incorporate ongoing activities in budgets
Establishing
Emergency
WASH fund in
government
level (MoUD,
Health,
Education,
MLD)
4
Establish strong monitoring team to oversight ongoing facility
installation work and ongoing repair, maintenance, and
upgrading needs
15 days
WCC/UNICEF
and WASH
cluster
Develop assessment and monitoring
tools and guidelines in advance and get
agreement among the GON/WASH
cluster and maintain electronic copy at
EOC and UN HQ and INGO/HQ
July 2013 by
WASH cluster
for monitoring
of shared
facilities
Ongoing
20
8.3 Hygiene Promotion
Responsibility: DWSS/WSSDO/WCC/DOLIDAR, all WASH cluster members and Humanitarian WASH agencies
Overall Objectives:
To promote healthy hygiene behavior and practices of disaster affected people and maintain personal, domestic and environmental
hygiene to minimize the risk of communicable disease outbreak. Specific objectives of hygiene promotion includes:
● To build the capacity of the affected people to make them able and accountable to use and care the facilities/ services provided
● Ensure that camps are sufficiently clean so that the breeding of vector and spreading of the vector borne disease could be controlled.
● Raise hygiene awareness in close coordination with the health cluster and prevent, minimize and control the incidence of WASH related
diseases in the vulnerable areas
WASH Cluster Strategy:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Capacity Building
Use/mobilization of volunteers
Use of local resources
Coordination and networking
Community mobilization
Gender and social inclusion
Information sharing and communication
Activity/Steps to be taken
Timeframe
Responsibility
Preparedness Action
Preparedness
timeline
Status
7 days
DWSS and
WASH cluster
members
Agree and prepare standard hygiene
promotion messages, materials and
approaches/methodology ( considering
local context in advance in support the
activities
Before Chaitra
NRCS has 3 hygiene promotion boxes to
use in emergencies,
Assessment and Planning
1
Prepare one month hygiene promotion plan
based on the IRA (start in high health risk
areas)
21
Immediate Hygiene Promotion in camps
1
Recruit staff and volunteer (1250 volunteers:
120HH/vol.) using roster, headhunt
7 days
WASH cluster
members
Prepare rosters of PHP staff and
volunteers
Before Baisakh
Oxfam and NRCS has updated roster
of trained volunteers that can be head
hunted in emergency- 200 in Ktm and
3000 in districts
Hygiene promoters: 250
2
Orient staff and volunteers (25 sessions/50
volunteer per sessions) through meeting
7 days
WASH cluster
members
Orientation packages designed and
agreed
Before Baisakh
Volunteers are ready. By giving rapid
orientation with available module, can
deploy more volunteers
3
Distribute hygiene NFRI kits including water
treatment agents, buckets, 150000 kits
(1/family)
7 days
UNICEF/GoN/NG
Os
Standardize and stock pile hygiene kits
for initial response
Before
Baisakh
UNICEF has revised hygiene kit for 5000
HH/ 100,000 population and LTA
process for 15000 HH
3 W mapping and identification of gap
Preposition the items
NRCS has WASH items with water
treatment plants for 20000 people
OXFAM has prepositioned hygiene kits
for 100000 population Kathmandu valley
EQ
4
Disseminate hygiene messages using modern
and traditional medias, mobilize volunteers
(individual and group meeting and health
education) using Pre designed hygiene
messages) such as: posters, miking, street
dramas Posters: 50000 pieces, Leaf lets:
200000
7 days
NGOs/DPHO/UNI
CEF/GoN
Discuss and develop hygiene
messages and IECs for emergency
based on the culture and context
5
Aware affected people on possible risk of
vector borne diseases and encourage them to
manage household refuse through mobilization
of volunteer
7 days
NGOs
Identify local media and groups
By September
2013
WASH Cluster has HiE manual,
Flipchart, chlorination poster that could
be used by all cluster members. Other
materials are also in process of
development
Women and youth under disaster
management committees can be
mobilized for mass campaign
Mass campaign (media and society)
22
6
7
Coordinate with municipality and DPHO for
proper disposal of waste and other vector
control measures through SOP and MOU
(spraying)
10 days
Monitoring (whether hygiene accessories are
reached/used to/by the beneficiaries through
Information sharing/observation, key informant
interview, discussion with beneficiaries
15 days
DWSS/NGOs/Mu
nicipality, Health
Cluster
SOP and MOU for spraying and vector
control
UN/DWSS/NGOs
Monitoring matrix, forms and process to
be finalized beforehand
Before Baisakh
DWSS- HR available for coordination
NRCS - has 4 sets vector tool kits for
4000 HHs
DWSS- HR 75
NRCS has response and monitoring
manual
Intermediate hygiene promotion plan for three months (90 days)
1
KAP survey: orient staff and volunteers on KAP
and mobilize them using available survey and
other tool/ checklist
30 days
onwards
2
Redesign/revise hygiene promotion plan and
process Based on the KAP survey
3
4
Humanitarian
NGOs+ DWSS+
UNICEF+ UN
HABITAT
Orientation package for enumerator
During regular
time
DWSS- HR for orientation
30 days
onwards
Humanitarian
NGOs+ DWSS+
UNICEF+ UN
HABITAT
Orientation package for enumerators
During regular
time
NRCS has Hygiene promotion boxes
and updated KAP survey
Requisition/procurement and distribution of
additional hygiene NFRI including water
treatment agents, sanitary napkins, soaps and
tooth etc for 150000 Targeting and distribution
will be made based on the Sphere standard
30 days
Humanitarian
NGOs+DWSS+
UNICEF+ UN
HABiTAT+MoPP
W
Identify possible vendors and means of
transport
Stand by MoU
before Baisakh
NRCS has 500 hygiene kits in
Kathmandu warehouse
Aware IDPs on possible risk of vector borne
diseases and encourage them to manage
household refuse ; Mobilize volunteer ;Mass
campaign (media and social)
30 days
Humanitarian
NGOs+DWSS+
UNICEF+ UN
HABiTAT
Discuss and develop messages and
IECs for vector control
During regular
time
NRCS has Vector control kits with
manual
NRCS- KAP survey tools developed
Identify potential donors
23
5
Form hygiene promotion (HP) groups at camp
level, train and mobilize them .Involve all group
of community in HP group and give them the
responsibility
45 days
Humanitaria
NGOs+DWSS+
UNICEF+ UN
HABITAT+
WSSDOs+
Volunteers
Group formation and mobilization
guideline
During regular
time
Oxfam and its partners formed WASH
groups in the community ( pre disaster)
6
Coordinate with municipality for required waste
disposal accessories at HH level and ensure
communal level waste disposal)
30 days
MoUD, /WASH
cluster
Agree on HH level waste disposal
accessories
During regular
time
Discussion on going
7
Monitoring (Whether hygiene accessories are
reached/used to/by the beneficiaries
60 days
/DWSS/MoUD/N
GOs
Monitoring matrix, forms and process to
be finalized beforehand
Pre disaster
Monitoring matrix used in Koshi flood are
available with Oxfam
Change in hygiene practices including hand
washing, use of latrines, water
handling/treatment
Information sharing/observation, key informant
interview, discussion with beneficiaries
24
8.4
Drainage , Solid Waste Management and Vector Control
Responsibility: All Cluster members including DWSS/WSSDO in coordination with Municipalities and national NGOs e.g. ENPHO
Objective:
To provide adequate sanitation facilities and safe disposal of solid and liquid wastes for personal hygiene and vector control
Standards:
Waste water disposal and solid waste management in camps
Vector control (flies and mosquitoes) in coordination with health cluster
No dwelling more than 100 m away from refuse container or pit
Activity/Steps to be taken
Timeframe
Responsibility
Preparedness Action
Preparedness
timeline
Status
Work with municipality to identify
garbage dumping area and
infrastructure available for collection,
and garbage receptacles available.
September 2013
Planned under the cluster
capacity building
Provision of Waste Management Facilities in Partially Affected Neighborhoods
1
Based on assessment of needs,
develop plans for garbage collection.
This would include:
I. identify location of areas to place
community garbage receptacles in
partially damaged areas/areas of
spontaneous settlement
II. identify garbage collection routes
III. identify location for garbage dumping
(approved by authorities in
appropriate location)
IV. identify means of collection, such as
through municipal trucks/tractors,
informal rickshaw collection
V. provision of fuel for trucks/tractors
VI. mobilization of municipal sweepers
30 days
WASH Cluster (need for
waste focal point)
WSSDO/DWSS,
Municipality, vector
control and medical
waste management
should be coordinated
with health cluster
Develop LTA with trucks and tractors
etc.
Capacity building on solid and liquid
waste management in Emergencies
25
VII. medical waste management
2
In order to enable service staff and
municipal workers to undertake repairs,
facilities would need to be provided to
workers if they have been personally
affected by earthquake.
30 days
Shelter cluster, WASH
cluster
3
Implement strategy for garbage
collection based on above, mobilizing
trucks, garbage receptacles. Facilitate
transportation of garbage and design
schedule to ensure regular pick up
30 days
MoUD, WASH Cluster
4
Involve household /user committee for
solid and liquid waste management
5
Incinerator needed for disposing
household disposal and medical waste
6
Continuous monitoring of garbage
servicing (pick up) and identification of
gaps. Monitoring to ensure collection is
regular
WASH Cluster members who have
emergency kits and tents to consider
prioritize immediate distribution to
municipal workers who would be
undertaking garbage collection.
WSSDO in coordination
with Municipalities
preparation of waste water/ sewerage
management policy in process
30 days
WASH cluster /health
cluster with Municipality
Identification/installation of incinerator
30 days
MoUD/DWSS/WASH
cluster, CCCM,
Basic Monitoring indicators to be
identified
WASH cluster, UNICEF/
Municipalities
Design of 4-household waste
receptacle including materials used
(BOQ). Stockpile large garbage
receptacles
August 2013
Provision of Waste Management Facilities in Camps
1
Provision of household garbage
receptacle (1 per 4 families) at
appropriate locations in camps.
30 days
LTA with receptacle
venders together with
bucket producers
26
2
On site pit to be located for waste that is
burn-able (or for all waste to be covered
by soil) in coordination with shelter
cluster for all waste, until landfill is
identified and garbage collection system
in place and running
30 days
WASH cluster
Design of refuse pit
3
Facilitate disposal of 4-household
receptacles to a central location for
garbage pick up
Alternate
day
WASH cluster
Identify/develop the site for safe
disposal of solid waste
4
Work with authorities to ensure garbage
pick up (regular schedule) and assign
responsibilities
Alternate
day
WASH cluster
Identity the supplier for waster bins( to
be procured)
5
Integrate waste reduction messages
into hygiene promotion
30 days
WASH cluster and
hygiene focal points
Identify and agree on the message( in
consultation with solid waste
management and resource mobilization
center) under MLD
6
Continuous monitoring of waste
disposal, by hygiene promotion
volunteers to identify gaps
Everyday
after
deployment
WASH cluster and
hygiene focal points
Storm drainage and wastewater drainage (in camps)
1
Before (or during depending on timing
of earthquake) monsoon, assess with
camp members potential areas for
stagnant water. If during monsoon, go
to the site to confirm stagnant water
locations
30 days
CCCM/logistic +WASH
Develop evacuation sites in advance
with minimum facilities
2
Draw network of drainage system with
flow channels, culverts, outlet and
30 days
KUKL/MoUD/municipaliti
Draw network of drainage system with
flow channels, culverts, outlet and
End of 2013
83 IDP site registered by
the government; tentative
usability plan made
27
discharge point
es
discharge point
3
Present the system and responsibilities
to the community
30days
KUKL/MoUD/municipaliti
es/CCCM
Community awareness for solid and
liquid waste management
4
Provision of materials for drain
maintenance to community and
construction of drainage with machines
(if necessary) or labor from community
30days
KUKL/ MoUD/ WSSDO/
Municipalities
Have minimum stockpiles of tools used
of drainage maintenance/construction
End pf 2013
DWSS stockpiling basic
tools together with water
supply tools
5
Handover of drainage system to camp
members, and continuous monitoring.
45 days
KUKL/DWSS/MoUD+WA
SH Cluster
Together
with
Hygiene
promotion
campaign
DWSS/WSSDO/Municipa
lity/WASH Cluster
Develop environmental health
promotion materials together with
health cluster for wider dissemination
End of 2013
Hygiene promotion manual
already developed
Vector Control
1
Integrate vector control and means to
protect from vector borne diseases in
the hygiene promotion activities at
household /camps with health cluster.
Mobilize volunteer ;Mass campaign
(media and social)
NRCS has Vector control
kits with manual
UNICEF has radio
message for vector control
and environmental hygiene
2
Work with CCCM and health cluster to
help affected population to avoid
exposure to mosquitoes and other
vectors through – repellents, bednets
etc, lime/chlorine powder for
15 days
DWSS/ Municipalities/
WASH cluster members/
CCM and Health Cluster
Have minimum stocks available for
vector control- bed nets, repellents,
chlorine/lime powder
End of 2013
400- bednets in stock with
UNICEF
28
disinfection
3
Work with CCCM and Health cluster to
disinfect solid waste and liquid waste pit
to avoid vector growth
30 days
DWSS/ Municipalities/
WASH cluster members/
CCM and Health Cluster
5
Form hygiene promotion (HP) groups at
camp level, train and mobilize them
.Involve all group of community in HP
group and give them the responsibility
45 days
Humanitaria
NGOs+DWSS+
UNICEF+ UN HABITAT+
WSSDOs+ Volunteers
Group formation and mobilization
guideline
29
8.5
Coordination, advocacy and information-sharing
Responsibility: All Cluster members led by WCC (UNICEF, MoUD)
Objective:
To ensure maximum efficient and efficacy of the WASH cluster and that all interventions under WASH are coordinated.
Activity
Time Frame
Responsibility
Preparedness Action
Preparedness
timeline
WASH Cluster as part of the DDRC team
will provide basic information and decision
taken for immediate response; work with
other clusters and other sector and carry
out detailed damage assessment of latrine
and other sanitation facilities in the valley
7 days
WASH Cluster
Collect secondary data from
EOC/OCHA/NDRC;
Continuous
2
Based on information collected from the
rapid assessment and detailed damaged
assessment, WASH Cluster to meet and
define response modalities, for instance
divide responsibilities into i) response in
camps; ii) response in partially damaged
areas, medical facilities and informal camps
7 days
WASH Cluster
NRCS is developing RAT capacity in
HQs and districts
3
Assign agency responsibility by determined
geographic area depending on level of
damage and need
7 days
WASH cluster
NRCS can support in need
assessment
4
Collect basic information related with
hygiene promotion and vector control/
participate in IRA team: 5 teams for KTM, 3
for Lalitpur and 2 for Bhaktapur
7 days
WASH cluster
members
5
Hold emergency meeting: coordinate with
other WASH cluster members (GoN, UN
Every week
WCC,WASH
1
Status
Define assessment teams and
awareness of Rapid
Assessment Tool (RAT) through
training.
Agree on format for assessment
NRCS can support for data collection
NRCS Participate in emergency
30
agencies, I/NGOs)
6
Coordination, communication and
information sharing with other WASH
members to ensure that water and
sanitation facilities are in place with
minimum standard
cluster members
meetings
15 days
All WASH
members
Stakeholders mapping
WASH meeting/email/internet/phone calls
and other possible means
7
Ensure safety of self, family and
dependents
72 hours
Individual
agencies
Prepare the contact details of
staff and families
NRCS is in communication circle and
have institutional communication
channel. NRCS VHF communication
licence
8
Ensure availability of staff and volunteers of
concern agencies
72 hours
Individual
agencies
Prepare the contact details of
staff and volunteers
NRCS has sectoral technical team and
contact list of team members
9
Asses the status of communication facilities
and communicate with cluster leads and
focal persons
72 hours
MoUD,
Communication
focal point
Together with communication
cluster identity the available
communication facilities( Sat
phone)
NRCS- Team heads have VHF codes
and sets
10
In first instance, UNICEF will assign a top
level WASH Cluster coordinator, and link
will be made with MoUD DWSS to join
forces and Chair the National WASH
Cluster Meeting
72 hours
UNICEF/DWSS/
MoUD
DWSS to identify WASH cluster
coordinator
11
MoUD (Ministry of Urban Development
and works) will also assign a WASH Focal
point to liaise with the WASH Cluster (i.e.
joint secretary)
72 hours
MoUD
MoUD to identify WASH
emergency focal point/person
31
12
This Top level WASH cluster group must
agree to meet daily at the beginning of the
crisis (physically or telephone)
72 hours
13
These 3 top people should have sat phone
(wireless) and link with UN radio
72 hours
14
TOR to be agreed for national WASH
group: meet and agree on scale of damage
and decide on resources needed;
communicate this information to
IASC/OCHA/Head of UN/Top government
72 hours-7
days??
WASH Cluster
Generic TOR already
developed by global cluster
(need to adapt?)
15
Needs assessment to be completed by the
top Cluster team: top cluster team to do the
assessment and ensure all relevant people
are involved
72 hours
WASH Cluster
Possible training to
DWSS/MPPW on
assessments/format of CAT
16
Team must collect information from
affected people, VDC workers, ward level
people, municipalities, national NGOs that
are located in the area for the general
assessment
7 days
MoUD, WCC
and
17
Tools for WASH rapid assessment to be
decided, CAT should be used
72 hours
WASH cluster
coordinator with
WASH cluster
members
Look at CAT (global level) and
adapt for Nepal. UNICEF to do
this.
18
At the same time, 3 WASH Cluster groups
to be assembled: Kathmandu district,
Lalitpur and Bhaktapur (if surrounding
villages are also affected, than each of
those districts will also start a district
WASH Cluster)
72 hours
MoUD, UNICEF,
Cluster
members
Oxfam will decide about leading
cluster at district (decision made
but not finalized)
DWSS and MPW to find way to
get a sat phone or radio
Cluster
members
By June, it
need to be
share
NRCS-This need to be discussed in
depth
UNICEF to see if there is
32
Each district WASH cluster will be chaired
by NGO + gov’t (WSSDO – DE). UNICEF
must ensure chair of the 3 district groups,
but Oxfam will consider Lalitpur, UNICEF
will consider Kathmandu, and Bhaktapur
can be another large WASH NGO or
UNICEF for Bhaktapur. A special WASH
coordinator will be in charge of coordination
in each of these districts and work
alongside the DE/WSSDO and DE’s team
another leading emergency
WASH NGO that would take a
significant coordination role
UNICEF to contact DE at
WSSDO in districts and provide
contingency plan and brief on
the cluster system
19
These 3 WASH cluster coordinators, need
to find the other NGOs, national NGOs and
local NGOs working or planning to work in
the district and get them to join the cluster.
KUKL focal point will need to be identified
to join the group.
72 hours-7
days
WASH
Cluster/WSSDO
20
At the beginning, meeting can be as
decided (e.g. daily in beginning at 8.30 am
at WSSDO office, weekly…), the daily
meeting will be the information sharing
mechanism for the beginning, until emails
start working
72 hours
WSSDO/WCC
21
The 3 WASH cluster groups (leaders) will
decide in the first few days on sub-zoning
based on the damage. For instance, it
could be 2-3 wards per zone. This must be
done with CDO and OCHA.
72 hours-7
days
WCC,
OCHA,CCCM
22
This sub-zoning will form the basic for
further assigning of responsibilities to the
WASH cluster. Other NGOs can take
7 days
WC,CCCM,OCH
A/MOHA
Get a list of NGOs working in
WASH in the districts at field
level
UNICEF to talk to OCHA about
idea of sub-zoning to see if they
have data sets available and
further ideas/ and talk to
WSSDO on idea of sub-zoning
to see if there are logical ways
of sub-zoning (i.e. based on
water source?)
33
responsibility for “lead actor” in this subzoning system.
23
The information at these 3 groups must be
shared with the top level group daily or
several times a day through sat-phone and
radio if necessary. All Cluster leads must
have laptop as well so they can start using
IM formats.
7 days
24
The 3 district groups, will also decide on
the response modalities based on the
capacity available. However, one key
strategy is to ensure that sanitation actors
will also do hygiene at the same location.
For instance, if there is an NGO that wants
to commit construction of 200 toilets, the
cluster lead will ensure that they will do
hygiene promotion at those toilets and at
that site.
7days
25
Another NGO (such as World Vision) will
take responsibility for overall coordination
of site waste management at camp level.
They will develop standards and modalities
for response, and overall coordination.
They will ensure models are defined for
other actors.
7 days
WASH Cluster
members
NGO has to work with
municipality and look at
disposal sites etc.
26
Ensure that there is a focal point for
gender, HIV, handicap.
7 days-15
days
UNICEF,
Protection
Cluster
Link with other clusters (e.g.
protection, AIN/HIV working
group) to be clear on overlap
and see if there can be
guidelines.
Lead WASH coordinators will work with
protection cluster on gender, health cluster
for HIV and with an disability NGO (like
Handicap) to think of ways for advocacy for
cross cutting issues. Also how to
WCC
NRCS has also Gender and social
inclusion department
34
practically incorporate into design
considerations for toilets and water points.
Contact Handicap International
to brief them and tell them
about expectations. UNICEF to
do this.
27
After the CAT, the cluster group comes
together to discuss how to incorporate
cross-cutting issues into design. The
district coordinators can work with the
shelter/CCCM coordinators when designing
site layout and planning the response to
ensure cross-cutting issues are
incorporated in design
7 days
Meet with CCCM person to
discuss site plans and cross
cutting design issues.
28
Need to work with CCCM to identify
potential evacuation sites for Kathmandu
and Bhaktapur. CDO should be involved in
site selection.
72 hours- 7
days
UNICEF,CCCM
NSET/EMI/KMC looking at
evacuation sites, UNICEF to get
info to update WASH cluster.
Cluster has to also look
Bhaktapur.
83 sites registered for IDP sites
29
Cluster must ensure cultural consideration,
and community participation in design and
before construction. All WASH cluster
members must consult with the community
before construction and design (example of
toilets for muslim communities in Sunsari of
toilets facing east)
7 days
UNICEF
Hygiene guidelines are
potentially being developed.
These should include cultural
considerations for this issue.
HIE promotion manual developed
Update capacity mapping and
see if NGOs in the 3 districts
are represented and get more
details on their WASH work
35
8.6 Information Management
Responsibility: UNICEF (as cluster lead), MoUD, DWSS
Objective: To ensure maximum efficient and efficacy of the WASH cluster and that all interventions under WASH are coordinated.
Activity
Timeframe
Responsibility
Preparedness
Action
Preparedness
timeline
Status
1
Coordination, Communication and information sharing
with other WASH members to ensure that water and
sanitation facilities are in place through CCCM and
WASH meeting/email/internet/phone calls and other
possible means
72 hours
All clusters
Maintain updated
list of WASH and
other cluster
roster
Continuous
WC has developed Communication tree for
accountability of cluster members/focal person
2
In first instance, hire of dedicated IM focal point (based
centrally)
7 days
WCC/UNICEF+
Humanitarian
NGOs
3
WASH to participate in inter-agency rapid assessment
(IRA), as well as WASH comprehensive assessment
(CAT). All cluster members to be involved in
assessments, coordinated through WCC.
7days
UNICEF, All
cluster
Send CAT to
cluster members
to familiarize with
formats.
4
Dissemination and compilation of assessment info
through email and cluster meeting, dissemination of
gap analysis and needs
7 days
WCC/IM focal
point
Development of
gap
analysis/agency
reporting matrix
5
Organize regular data collection system and posting of
information through a HIC. Identify clear IM focal
points (i.e. 1 per district which could be WASH cluster
lead) and frequently of updating formats.
7 days
WCC/IM focal
point
MIRA, Detailed Assessment tool of WASH in process of
finalization
36
6
IM central focal point to develop mapping of needs
based on monitoring using CAT. Preferred that
monitoring is dedicated in key areas depending on
level of destruction.
7 days
WCC/IM focal
point
7
Based on gaps to ensure that technical practice
guidelines are available to implementing agencies
7 days
WCC/IM focal
point
8.7 Monitoring and Evaluation
Responsibility:
All Cluster members including DWSS/WSSDO in coordination with WASH Cluster Members
Objective:
To ensure standard and quality service delivery by cluster member for WASH response
WASH Cluster will use the following basic information/ indicators for monitoring of the clusters performance while conducting the response. This will further
ensure to have a standardized and quality response among the cluster members.
WASH
Proposed indicator
# and % of population with access to 15 L of clean water per
person per day (camp setting, need separate for partially
damaged setting )
Disaggregation
Geographic
Source/method
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports,
routine monitoring
Guidance Notes
Numerator = # of affected people accessing quantified amount of clean
water (as per SPHERE guidance note and standards)
Denominator = # of people affected and displaced by an act of emergency
# and % of people [disaggregated by sex and children) with
access to appropriately designed gender, disabled and child
friendly toilets (camp setting, need separate for partially
damaged setting)
Geographic, sex
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports
Numerator = # of affected people accessing appropriately designed toilets
separate for men and women (as per SPHERE guidance note and
standards)
Denominator = # of people affected and displaced by an act of emergency
# and % of children in school/learning programs with access to
1-2 L of water per child per day (for drinking and hand
washing)
Geographic
Numerator = # of children accessing quantified amount of clean water in
the learning space
Denominator = # of children affected by an act of emergency attending a
temporary learning programme
# and % of children (male and female) with access to
appropriately designed toilets at s chools/learning
Geographic, sex
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports,
routine monitoring,
education response
report
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports,
routine monitoring,
education response
report
# and % of children (male and female) with access to hand
Geographic, sex
Numerator = # of children (disaggregated by sex) accessing appropriately
designed toilet in the learning space
Denominator = # of children affected by an act of emergency attending a
temporary learning programme
Numerator = # of children (disaggregated by sex) accessing hand
37
washing facilities with soap at schools/learning spaces
washing facilities with soap in learning spaces
Denominator = # of children affected by an act of emergency attending a
temporary learning programme
Numerator = # of camps/partially damaged areas with SWM facilities
Denominator = # of camps/ partially damaged areas
# and % of camps and partially damaged area with solid waste
management plan and facilities in place
Geographic
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports
# and % of camps and partially damaged area with drinking
water facilities in institutions like hospitals/ health camps
Geographic, sex
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports,
routine monitoring
Numerator = # of affected people accessing quantified amount of clean
water (as per SPHERE guidance note and standards)
Denominator = # of people affected and displaced by an act of emergency
and coming to the institutions
# and % of camps and partially damaged area with sanitation
and hygiene facilities in institutions like hospitals/ health
camps
Geographic, sex
Implementing partners/
cluster member reports,
routine monitoring
Numerator = # of affected people accessing quantified amount of
sanitation facilities (as per SPHERE guidance note and standards)
Denominator = # of people affected and displaced by an act of emergency
and coming to the institutions
38
WASH Cluster- Agency Capacity Outline- 2013
Agency
Capacity ( No of staffs for emergency,
resources, fund that could be immediately
mobilized) and Activities
Surge arrangements
Planned Activities
Stockpiles
District presence (Name of
districts)
MoUD
Has Disaster management Unit; Cluster
Coordinator of WASH is under the Joint
Secretary of Water and Sanitation Division who
is also the focal person for WASH response for
MoUD; No MoUD fund however could request
for national fund allocation for WASH
response; 4 MoUD staffs trained on WASH in
emergencies
MoUD works with its
implementation divisions like
DWSS, KUKL, KVWSMB for
response; as the lead Govt
agency it could request for surge
capacity through donors/partners
in WASH
Capacity building of currents
staffs on WASH in
emergencies; CCA/DRM
program section in formation
under DWSS
None; only through
DWSS at the moment
It is the central Govt. for WASH
response and policy level
decision making; present
through its 75 WSSDOs under
DWSS
KVWSMB
2 staff are allocated for the WASH activities.
NRs 5 lakh is allocated for emergency. It will
be increase after approve by Board .
KVWSMB works with its operator (
KUKL,) for emergency response
Will be involved in all
emergency aspects for
Wash Component.
Not yet but have 17
tankers that can be
mobilized during
emergencies.
Kathmandu Valley ( Lalitpur,
Bhaktapur, Kathmandu)
KUKL
No person specially assigned for WASH
response however all branch managers and
takers sections are ready to work during
emergency. We have 6 tanker filling stations at
Mahankalchaur,Bansbari, Shaibu, Minbhawan,
Sundarighat and Sallaghari Bhaktapur.
Currently limited capacity
Capacity building of currents
staffs on WASH in
Emergencies
DWSS
30 trained staff on different disciplines of
WASH in emergencies, 56 district DEs trained
on DRM ; all 75 district WSSDO have
emergency focal person; NRS-200000
current limited capacity
Will be involved in all aspects
near future in this FY
Kathmandu
DWSSWSSDOs
All 75 district WSSDO have emergency focal
person; No response fund, but could mobilize
from central DWSS fund; 36 high risk district
have seed fund to initiate immediate or conduct
current limited capacity; WSSDO
team of 75 districts could be
mobilized for response
36 high risk district reviewing
DPRP
Emergency hub defined
in 5 regions and have
basic stockpiles for
water supply repair and
All 75 districts
Kathmandu Valley
39
preparedness activities
maintenance (Dhangadi,
Nepalgunj, Kathmandu,
Ithari, Bardibas)- these
include pipe fittings,
water tanks and water
purification solutions
UNICEF
WASH section has 2 staff (WASH Cluster
Coordinator and WASH Officer) currently
addressing emergency WASH ; There are 2
senior staff directly working at central and field
level who come on board immediately in
emergencies. UNICEF has $ 250,000 as
immediate response fund that could channeled
by Country Representative; 3 regional WASH
officers and 3 emergency focal persons in
Nepalgunj, Biratnagar and Bharatpur; it also
has a separate Emergency unit that could
support in immediate response ; Program
Cooperation Agreement (PCA) with NRCS has
special commitment on WASH in emergencies
Will ensure WASH Cluster
Coordinator coverage and bring in
additional WASH staff as
necessary through the regional
and global team;
Will be involved in all aspects
; currently involved in
capacity building of cluster
members and government
line agencies; MoU with other
partners for emergency
response; LTA with stockpile
suppliers
15,000 families in
country (stockpiles for
5,000 families in
Kathmandu -2000,
Biratnagar-1000,
Bharatpur-1000 and
Nepalgunj-1000)
available at all times.
This includes Hygiene
kits, water purification
tablets, sanitation
facilities and hygiene
promotion items; LTAs
with vendors of HK and
hygiene items; water
purification solutions
21 WASH focus districts but
mandated for all districts under
Core Commitment for Children
Save the
Children
SC has Emergency theme work for
preparedness and response of any disaster
including WASH. It has well trained response
national team of 100 person including WASH. It
has also international response team in case of
larger scale disaster.
It has ready to deploy emergency
response fund (USD 4,000,000) in
headquarter that can be deployed
in any declared emergency.
Standby team in Singapore with
30 experts
Increase stock pile to 5000
family.
3200 hygiene kit
including plastic bucket
and mug
Present in 56 districts.
Regional offices- Biratnagar,
Kathmandu, Rupandehi,
Banke and Kailali. Response
deployment possible in all 75
districts
SC currently has a sub office in
each five regions with stand by
logistic team for response.
40
NRCS +
IFRC
Had preliminary meeting with IFRC to address
response plans and currently building capacity
for early response. Normal programme is in
hygiene promotion (preventive aspect) through
community development department and youth
department, could potentially could work on the
hygiene department.
Will cover some early emergency phase of
water, would involve in distribution of WASH
NFRIs (e.g. chlorine, tablets etc.) but at the
moment no large stockpiles
DOLIDAR
DOLIDAR has its District office/District
Technical Office in all 75 districts that could
be deployed together with District team for
immediate WASH response
WHO
One NPO is working for Emergency and one
NPO for WASH activities. Capacity for water
borne Disease surveillance and provides
support to Department of Health Services to
conduct such surveillances WHO has $
350,000 as immediate response fund that
could channelled by Country office for any
kind disaster ; 15 surveillance medical officers
(SMOs) and vehicle at field
Oxfam
-
Trained human resources: Oxfam (PHEs-4,
PHPs-2 )and HR from Partners – 31
NRCS and IFRC present
Potentially would work in all
areas
No programme in Kathmandu
valley, but building human
resources, a training programme
is planned. Under the
humanitarian ground NRCS will be
first responder even for
Kathmandu valley
10,000 families capacity
centrally in Kathmandu
available at all times
includes hygiene kit and
buckets; stock includes
Water purification
equipment-4; Tap
stand=18;PH tester : 9;
Conductivity tester = 6;
Pool tester=9; Del Aqua
testing kit=6;Potakit
chemical testing= 4;Low
flow water
;dispenser=4000;Bladde
r tank 10 cum=4;Bladder
tank 5 cum= 6; CGI tank
10 cum= 1;Squatting
plate with pan= 200
Present in all 75 districts
Support through Department of
Health services to all districts
as per need .Can be mobilize 4
SMOs/vehicle from national
level in any emergencies
Can provide technical support
related to water quality. Can
Mobilised regional or Headquarter
support for WASH experts if
needed
WASH at emergency will be
incorporated in water safety
plan (WSP), the activity that
is being developed with WHO
support
Chlorine Tablet for
5200000 L Water;
- In the case of mega-disaster,
Oxfam will divert its human
resources (72 central office and
)
- TU and NARC- Water
storage and
- WASH facilities and WASH
plan development in TU
and NARC IDP sites
10,000 families in outside
Kathmandu in eastern and
mid-western regions. Other
regions are in priority for
capacity building
41
-
-
Availability of GBP 10,000 from the CAT
fund which need to be authorized by
CPM/CD and up to 50K by RHCs within 48
hours of Cat 3 disaster
Experiences on emergency WASH,
Planning and Managing Humanitarian
response, health and hygiene promotion in
emergencies, water quality testing, KAP
survey/need assessment
field staff) for emergency
response.
- In a total 600 trained volunteers
can be mobilized in Kathmandu
Valley for disaster response
- Oxfam has identified ENPHO as
a strategic partner for WASH
response
Surge will be provided by both
regional center and HQ for Cat 1
and 2 disaster
(completed)
- GIS based mapping of
WASH vendors, water
sources, stockpiling
materials (completed)
- Long term stand- by
agreement with WASH
service providers in KTM
valley (study completed
and potential vendors
identified)
- Development of E-WASH
plan of 9 health facilities (
HP & SHP) and 2 hospitals
in Kathmandu Valley
including stockpiling of
WASH items
- Development of
emergency heath and
WASH plan in Imadole
VDC and Kirtipur
Municipality
Training to 107 volunteers in
Imadole and Kirtipur on
EWASH and 118 volunteers
on managing mass casualty
incident (MCI)
distribution
equipments for
100,000 population,
WASH items for
25,000 population
- Teku / PulchowkBladder storage tanks,
tap stand parts etc for
76,000 populations,
latrine slabs with
tarpaulin sheets/tools
for 20,000 population
- Teaching hospital –
Establishment of
independent secure
water supply system
with emergency water
supply response plan
and fuel back up with
stockpile of water
supply materials for
15,000 population
Through partners: Darchula,
Baitadi, Dadeldhura,
kanchanpur, kailali, Dailekh,
Surkhet, Bardiya, Banke,
Arghakhachi, Kapilbastu,
Nawalparasi, Kathmandu,
Lalitpur, Rautahat, Sarlahi,
Dhanusha, Udayapur and
Saptari.
Oxfam Offices: Surkhet,
Dadeldhura, Kailali,
Kathmandu
Hygiene kit for 1,200
HHs in Dhanusa,
Sarlahi, Rautahat,
Saptari, Kailali,
Kanchanpur,
Dadeldhura
Care
NGO
Forum
Developmental NGO, rather than emergency.
Capacity across members not ascertained.
It has wide level of volunteers who
could be mobilized of WASH
promotion
Kathmandu , Lalitpur,
Bhaktapur
Active in cholera response in 2007
42
NEWAH
4 offices, 115 staff, work in 9 districts
Limited emergency experience but have been
involved in floods, fire and diarrhoeal
outbreak response work
WVI
None- however, the current staffs
could be mobilized in any part of
the country for support/ response
Doti, Surkhet, Baglung,
Gorkha, Chitwan , Sindhuli,
Siraha, Udyapur and Morang
Presence across Nepal. Have distributed
WASH NFIs in flood . WVIN has allocated
budget of USD 250,000 for immediate relief
response (be it WASH or other sector) as per
need.
Regional relief office in Singapore,
along with regional redeployment
mechanism from other countries
and global capacity from US. DM
plan has provision for mobilization
of 30 people within the country
Water distribution, sanitation(
toilet) and hygiene
No stockpile at present
but has roaster of
supplies
Udayapur,Morang,Sunsari,
Sindhuli, Kathmandu
valley,Kaski, Butwal, Lamjung,
Kailai, Doti, Accham, Jumla
ENPHO
Currently 7 technical staffs and 10 trainers (
17) 12 staffs are working in sector of UDRM,
working on IDP campsite at NARC and 11
Health Institutions in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and
Bhaktapur
None- but working with Oxfam on
UDRM and DIPECHO
EWASH Plan at Health
institutions; working on 14
school , 7 wards and 11
health facilities on WASH
preparedness including
stockpiles
10000 units of chlorine
solution in form of
PIYUSH,
FRC Test kit ,Arsenic
Test Kit ,Coliform P/A
vial ,Water Quality Test
kit to test 10 parameters
Kathmandu Valley, Surkhet
Valley
DEPROSC
Currently 19 staffs around Kathmandu for
emergency, has its own network in 17 districts
Working out, also working with
Oxfam
Capacity building taking
place
Not available
Kathmandu, Nuwakot,
Rasuwa, Dhading, Lalitpur,
Bhaktapur, Makwanpur, Bara,
Parsa, Rauthat, Sarlahi,
Dhanusha, Jhapa, Morang,
Sunsari, Rukum, Dolpa
KIRDARC
43
UN Habitat
Mandated for early recovery phase and
resettlement phase but requires involvement
during rapid response to reduce the gap
between these phases and can mobilize pool
of volunteers during rapid response and
experts for initial assessment
Coordinate to mobilize pool of
volunteers and expert support
Would potentially support
through purchase and
distribution of household
water treatment (POU)
options, building of temporary
toilets provide technical
support for planning and
arrangement
Not available
Bajura, Bardiya, Arghkhanchi,
Sindhupalchowk, Bhaktapur,
Bara, Parsa,Sarlahi,Dhanusa,
Mahottari, rautahat, Siraha,
Saptari,Dolakha,and Sunsari
Plan Nepal
Have 5 WASH staff beside other more than
100 district based, frontline staff and GO Team
members that can be deployed during
emergencies. Out of these 35 Plan staff can be
deployed in WASH situation assessment and
as volunteers for hygiene promotion. About 30
staff from partner NGOs/CBOs can also be
deployed as volunteers for hygiene promotion.
Emergency fund (25,000 Euro) at Country
Office, 1 million Euro at Asia regional office,
Bangkok and 3 million Euro at International
Headquarter, Woking, UK are available that
could be mobilized immediately. Activities are
child centred and community based DRR and
preparedness.
Asia regional office in Bangkok,
International Head Quarter in UK
and other Plan countries in Asia
including Plan India and other
regions can deploy members from
the GO Team immediately during
mega disasters
Will work mainly in working
districts but can go to any
district depending upon the
scale and needs. Will work
mainly on health, WASH,
shelter, education and
protection and ready to eat
food items.
Currently very limited
stockpiles in Hetauda,
Biratnagar and
Nepalgunj mainly of
hygiene, education and
shelter kits. The hygiene
kits in stock are enough
for 400 families. Has
plan to scale-up in other
districts including
Kathmandu and the
increase the volume of
stockpiles.
Core program districts are
Bardiya, Banke, Makwanpur,
Sindhuli, Rautahat, Sunsari
and Morang. Other project
districts are Kailali,
Kanchanpur, Dang, Baglung,
Parbat and Myagdi.
LTA is under process
with suppliers in India
and Nepal for supply
and delivery of hygiene,
education and shelter
kits during emergencies.
Stockpiling the kits in
Kathmandu considering
earthquake disaster is
also under process.
LWF
Some preparedness in Terai and far west
(floods) including public health training, prepositioning of handpumps, training of VIP toilet
to CBOs. WatSan support to Bhutanese
Regional emergency team ( Asia)
rapid support team ( International)
can be mobilized in case of mega
All areas: Sanitation, hygiene
promotion (including WASH
NFI distribution, Water
Keeps very small
contingency stock until
procurement starts after
an emergency. NFRI kit
Jhapa, Morang, Saptari,
Sunsari, Lalitpur, Rasuwa,
Dailekh, Bardiya, Kailali,
Kanchanpur, Doti, Baitadi,
44
refugees in east.
disaster
Guard, hygiene kits)
stockpiled: 260 families
centrally, 130 in east,
130 in west)
Dadeldhura, Darchula,
Bhajang, Bajura
45
Focal Person and Second Person in Contact
Organization
Name
Contact
Address
Office Phone
Mobile
MoUD- Joint
Secretary
Ram Chandra Devkota
MoUD
01-4211651
9851195044
DWSS- DG
Ram Deep Shah
DWSS
01-4413744
9851056632
Email
Second person in contact
dgdwss@gmail.com
DDG Jyoti K shrestha
(4417609,9741083766)
ishworipaudyal@hotmail.com
Chief DRm
Program
Rajit Ojha
DWSS
DOLIDAR
Lok Nath Regmi
KVWSMB
01-4006634
9851144920
itsmerahit@gmail.com
DOLIDAR
9846156597
Lok.reg@gmail.com
Bal Bahadur Thakurathi
KVWSMB
,Jwagal
9849124056
thakurathi.bal@gmail.com
KVWSMB
Shivaraj Pathak
KVWSMB
,Jwagal
9851106149
Shivaraj_pathak@hotmail.com
NWSC
Dr. Bhupendra Prasad
9841331675
KUKL
Bijaya Man Shrestha
9851121523
KUKL
Kishore Shakya
9840093107
bijayams@hotmail.com
46
Oxfam
Biju Dangol
Save the
Children
Dhruba Devkota
LWF
GopalDahal
Hyumat-12,
Kathmandu
GPO Box 3330
House No
217, Chundevi
Marg4, Maharajgu
nj
Kathmandu,
Nepal
5530574,
5542881
9851148012
bdangol@oxfam.org.uk
4468128
9851007816
Dhruba.Devkota@savethechildre
n.org
Tel: 4720217,
4720152,
4721271
Fax: +977-14720225, Email: mail@lwf.
org.np
9851016527
tl@lwf.org.np , dahalg@
gmail.com
Vijay raj Pant
vpant@oxfam.org.uk
9851147952
Suvash Gurung
(Email- sldc@lwf.org.np
(Cell no- 9841351172)
Plan
Nabin Pradhan
9841226807
Nabin.pradhan@planinternational.orgmailto:Nabin.pra
dhan@plan-international.org
mailto:Nabin.pradhan@planinternational.org
World Vision
Surendra Dhakal
9841774353
bshresth9@hotmail.com
Bimal Ghimire ( 9841-151089 ,
5541877)
WHO
Dr Sudan Raj Panthi
9801010016
panthis@searo.who.int
WHO
Damodar Adhikari
9851100192
AdhikariD@searo.who.int
UNICEF
Arinita M Shrestha
9841-410991
amaskeyshrestha@unicef.org
Sanepa
Lalitpur; Office
Un house
Pulchowk
01-5523200
Madhav Pahari
mpahari@unicef.org ; 9851010970
47
UNICEF
Anu GautamPaudyal
Un- House,
Pulchowk
01-5523200
9851121767
apgautam@unicef.org
UN/HCRC/OCHA
Ram P Luitel
Un- House,
Pulchowk
01-5523200
9851072938
Ram Luetel <luetel@un.org>
UN Habitat
Sudha Shrestha
Off: Pulchowk
Lalitpur
5542816
9851064284
sudha.shrestha@unhabitat.org.n
p
Rajesh Manandhar (9851035762 /
rajesh.manandhar@unhabitat.org.n
p)
01- 4015707
9851117825
himalaya@newah.org.np
Santosh Basnet
Arinita Maskey Shrestha
Res: Sanepa,
Lalitput
NEWAH
Himalaya Panthi
Office: Lohasal
Kathmandu
santosh@newah.org.np
Res: Dhapasi 9,
kathmandu
Nepal Red
Cross Society
Amar Mani Poudyal
Soaltee Road
Nepal Red
Cross Society
Pitamber Aryal ( Disaster
Mgt Section)
Soaltee Road
NGO Forum
Prajwol Shrestha
DEPROSC
Rajendra Shrestha
9849422800
9841397189
amar.poudel@nrcs.org
4272761
9851105681
pitambar.aryal@nrcs.org,
4216606
9841-523689
info@ngoforum.net
9741230820
rshrestha.deprosc@gmail.com
SAPROSC
48
ENPHO
Bipin Dongol
4468641 /
4493188
9841-251573
prajwal.shrestha@enpho.org
Dr. Suman Shakya
suman.shakya@enpho.org
9851144360
49
Annex. 2 WASH Cluster Communication Tree
In case of large scale disaster where communication system is shut down, the cluster will
use the following mechanism of communication to account for their cluster member and to
start the coordination and response role. Each agency under each group will communicate
with each and the top agencies in the group e.g ENPHO will communicate with UNICEF.
Similary for Government agencies it (DWSS and DOLIDAR) will communicate with MoUD.
Cluster lead and UNCIEF Co-lead will with each to account for the member agencies focal
persons. This is to reduce the communication traffic but also to use it as a medium to have
physical accountability to cluster members.
WASH Cluster Communication Tree
Multi-Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) -Nepal
for Multi-Hazards Scenarios as of December 2013
(This assessment should be carried out and led by the District Disaster Relief Committee. The questionnaires from one to four should
be filled at district HQ in consultation with DDRC including key stakeholders. These information are supposed to be mentioned in the
District Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan).
1. Assessment Team Information
1.1 Organizations participating:
1.2 Date of assessment
From:
1.3 Name of Team Leader:
To:
1.4 Contact Details:
2. Geographic Information (following preliminary information is to be filled in consultation with DDRC/key stakeholders before going to
assessment at district HQ level. Randomly select most affected ward for focus group discussion. Note that one MIRA questionnaire represents one
ward).
2.1 Name of the District visited:
2.2 Name of the VDC/Municipality being assessed:
2.3 Ward number being assessed:
2.4 GPS or P-Code of the sampled VDC:
2.5 Altitude of the ward assessed:
2.6 Latitude of the ward
assessed:
2.7 Longitude of the ward
assessed:
2.8.Type of Hazard/Disasters (Tick appropriate only) :
2.8.1 Flood
2.8.2 Epidemic
2.8.3 Drought
2.8.4 Earthquake
2.8.5 Landslide
2.8.6 Fire
2.8.7 Hailstorm
2.8.8
Others
2.9 Mark the VDC that is being assessed by the assessment team using following categories in the district map which is
the perception of DDRC including key stakeholders at District HQ level before going to the actual field assessment:
2.9.1 Worst affected VDC/Municipality (Highest impact) 
2.9.2 Highly affected VDC/Municipality (High impact) 
2.9.3 Moderately affected VDC/Municipality (Moderate impact) 
2.9.4 Lightly affected VDC/Municipality (Light impact) 
2.9.5 Not affected VDC/Municipality (No impact) 
2.10 On the same map, indicate which of the affected VDCs/wards cannot be reached by vehicle:
2.11 On the same map, indicate major concentrations of the Internally displaced persons
2.12 On the same map, indicate critical transportation infrastructural damage (roads, bridges, airports)
2.13 On the same map, indicate potential security threats (dacoit, other groups, …)
2.15 Distance of the most affected VDCs/wards from the DHQs (walking hours: ……………. Driving hours ……………….)
3. District Level data to be considered (Collect Information from DPHO)
3.1 Functioning health facilities in the DISTRICT
Buildings
Type of facility
Total # of
health facilities
Adequate staff
Total # of affected health
facilities
Yes
No
Accessibility
Yes
No
Children < 5 yrs
Total
3.1.1 Sub Health Post
3.1.2 Health Post
3.1.3 Primary Health Care
3.1.4 Hospital
4. Population Data (Ward Level Information collected at the time of field assessment)
4.1 Total population of the assessed ward
4.2 Total number of people affected in general
4.3 Total Number of household with no shelter due to disasters
4.4 Number of female headed households
4.5 Number of Pregnant women / Lactating mother
4.6 Number of people highly affected
Female
Male
Female
Male
4.6.1 # of people dead due to the disaster
4.6.2 # of people Injured due to the disaster
4.6.3 # of people missing due to the disaster
4.7 Affected groups or Vulnerable groups
Total
4.7.1 Unaccompanied elders >60 years of age
4.7.2 Unaccompanied minors ( < 18 years of age)
4.7.3 Severely ill / Disabled
Note: The questionnaires from four to fifteen are about cluster specific information and should be filled from affected wards
through focused group discussion and interview with key relevant stakeholders.
1
5. Shelter and NFI
5.1 Total number of houses in the assessed ward:
5.2 What is the level of housing damage (HH number)?
5.2.1 Total number of houses destroyed (no further use)
5.2.2 Total number of house severely damaged (unsafe for immediate settlement)
5.2.3 Total number of houses moderately damaged (safe for settlement with minor
repair)
5.3 Are community shelter facilities with water and sanitation provisions available?
5.3.1 Yes 
5.3.2 No 
5.4 If yes, available public buildings within or around the affected wards with the capacity
to accommodate the affected people (for shelter purpose):
Number of
people can be
accommodated
5.4.1 Public buildings (capacity to accommodate number of people)
5.4.2 Host families (capacity to accommodate number of people)
5.4.3 Other (capacity to accommodate number of people)
5.5 What are the most likely immediate NFI needs of the affected people (with estimated quantity at ward
level):
Items
Estimated Quantity
5.5.1 Tarpaulin
5.5.2 Blankets
5.4.1 Cooking Utensils
5.4.2 Clothing/mattress
5.4.3 NFRI Kit
5.4.4 Emergency Shelter kit
5.4.5 Others (specify):
5.6 Availability of shelter framing materials locally?
5.6.1 Bamboo Yes  /No 
5.6.2 Wood Yes  /No 
5.6.3 Others (specify):
2
Narrative:
6. Household Food Security
6.1 What percentage of households lost percentage of their food stocks? (e.g. 40% of households lost 100%)
Percentage of food stock lost
Corresponding percentage of the Households
6.1.1 Up to 25% loss of food stock
6.1.2 Up to 50% loss of food stock
6.1.3 Up to 75% loss of food stock
6.1.4 Up to 100% loss of food stock
6.2 Does the community have access to fuel for cooking purposes?
6.2.1 Yes , if yes what type of fuel used
6.2.2 No 
6.2.1.1 Firewood 
6.2.1.2 Charcoal 
6.2.1.3 Kerosene 
6.2.1.4 Gas 
6.2.1.5 Others 
6.3 Who are the most vulnerable group of people
to food insecurity?
6.3.1 Children 
6.3.2 Female headed households 
6.3.3 Elderly headed households 
6.3.4 The disabled/severely ill 
6.3.5 Others  (Specify)………………
6.4 Are markets/nearby markets accessible and functioning?
6.4.1 Yes 
6.4.2 No 
If yes, what is the distance/ If no, what is the reason (describe)?
6.5 What is the loss related to livestock?
Estimated Number
3
6.5.1 Cattle:
6.5.2 Buffalo:
6.5.3 Goats/sheep:
6.5.4 Pigs:
6.5.5 Poultry:
6.5.6 Animal shelter:
6.6 Possibility of any disease outbreak?
6.6.1 Yes 
6.6.2 No 
7. WASH
7.1 Water Supply
7.1.1 What percentage of the affected people has access to clean drinking water?
(15 liters/person/day)
……..%age
7.1.2 Primary water sources (Tick applicable only):
7.1.2.1 Open Well/Dug well

7.1.2.2 Tube Well/Hand pump

7.1.2.3 Spring

7.1.2.4 Pond

7.1.2.5 Stream/river

7.1.2.6 Supplied by Tankers

7.1.2.7 Piped water system

7.1.2.8 Other

7.1.3 Condition of the Water Sources:
7.1.3.1 Working 
7.1.3.2 Damaged (Repair required for minimum supply) 
7.1.3.3 Contaminated 
7.1.3.4 Destroyed 
7.1.3.5 Turbid 
4
7.1.4 Alternate water source available?
7.1.4.1 Yes 
7.1.4.2 No, 
If yes,
7.1.4.1.1 Distance from affected communities……………….
7.1.4.1.2 Water Quality (clear/turbid, (cloudy)/contaminated) ………………..
7.1.4.1.3 Additional Facilities required to supply minimum quality drinking water ……………
7.1.5 Do affected families have water container with lid available at household level used for drinking water storage?
7.1.5.1 Yes 
7.1.5.2 No 
7.2 Sanitary and Hygiene facilities
7.2.1 What percentage of affected population has access to functioning sanitary facilities (e.g. Latrines) in
percentage (%)………………..
(Means of Verification: Interview with local government, health dept etc. Verify with community if possible
and through observation)
7.2.2 Number of family needing hygiene supplies (eg. hygiene kit required):……
8. Protection
8.1 Estimated number of displaced population?
8.2 Concentration points of displaced population (locations)
8.2.1 Number of separated or unaccompanied children
8.2.1.1 Number of Girls:…….
8.2.1.2 Number of Boys:……
8.3 Is there a registration or family tracing system in
place?
8.3.1 Yes 
If yes, who is doing this?
8.3.2 No 
8.4 What are the primary concerns of the most vulnerable groups at present (post disaster situation)?
Most vulnerable groups
Shelter/
Security
Food/
water
Health/
education
Physical safety
/ violence
including SGBV
Psychosocial
support
Child
labour/
trafficking
8.4.1 Children 0-5 years
8.4.2 Children less than 6-18 yrs
8.4.3 Adolescents (19-24 yrs)
8.4.4 Older persons (above 60 yrs)
8.4.5 Persons with disabilities
8.4.6 Pregnant/lactating women
8.4.7 Other vulnerable groups
8.5 Name of the existing supporting agencies on the above protection concerns
5
Other (e.g.)
dacoits,
loot, SGBV
9. Nutrition (If possible ask Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) or local Health Worker)
9.1 Number of pregnant and lactating mothers in the affected ward (copy from above)……..
9.2 Number of trained counselor on Nutrition in the affected ward ……
9.3 Number of malnourished children in the affected area/ward…………..
9.4 Is there sufficient management capacity at the local level? 9.4.2.1 Yes 
9.4.2.2 No 
9.5 What types and frequencies of foods are fed to infants and children under five years of age (most common first)?
Before disasters
After Disasters
Age groups
Types
Frequencies
Types
Frequencies
6-11 months
12-59 months
Yes 
9.6 Is there any indication of decreased/interrupted breastfeeding?
No 
9.6.1 If yes, what are the reasons?
9.7 What are the food items fed in place of breastfeeding?
9.7.1 For the children below six months
9.7.2 For the Children between 6-24 months:
10. Health (Ask at health facilities and local communities)
10.1 Main health concerns
10.1.1 Diarrhoea
10.1.2 Eye Infections
10.1.3 Vomiting
10.1.4 Dehydration
10.1.5 Snake Bites
10.1.6 Fever
10.1.7 Cough and Fever (ARI)
10.1.8 Skin disease
10.1.9 Injuries/Trauma
10.1.10 Death of Mother and/or children following delivery
10.1.11 Psychosocial illness
10.1.12 Communicable diseases (specify)
10.1.13 Non-communicable diseases (specify)
10.2 Availability of medicines/medical supplies













6
10.2.1 Medicines
10.2.2 Equipments and supplies (including stretchers):
10.2.1.1 Adequate 
10.2.2.1 Adequate 
10.2.1.2 Inadequate 
10.2.2.2 Inadequate 
Specify needs:
Specify needs:
___________________
____________________
10.3 Functioning of the nearest health facilities (collected during field assessment):
Damaged
Availability of staff
Accessible
Power Supply
Water Supply
Type of facility
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
10.3.1 Sub Health Post / Health Post










10.3.2 Primary Health Care










10.3.3 Hospital










10.3.4 Private Clinic/Nursing Home










10.4 Who provides health care in that facility (tick all applicable)?
10.4.1 Nurse 
10.4.2 Doctor 
10.4.3 Midwife 
10.4.4 Para-medics 
10.4.5 Others  (specify)
10.5 Have there been any reports or rumors of any outbreaks or unusual increase in illness?
10.5.1 No ,
10.6.2 Yes  (Specify)…………………………………..
10.6 Have there been reports of non-infectious agents (such biological, chemical, nuclear, radiation, poisons or toxins)?
10.6.1 No ,
10.6.2 Yes  (Specify)………………………………………
11. Education
11.1: Schools affected in the ward level
11.2 Number of WASH Facilities affected in the school
Levels
Number
11.2.1 Drinking water
11.2.2 Toilet
7
11.1.1 ECD center
11.1.2 Basic Education (1-8 grade)
11.1.3 Higher Education ( 9-12 grade)
11.3 No. of children/ teachers affected (disaggregate by gender)
Children
Teacher
Level
Boys
Girls
Male
Female
11.3.1 ECD
11.3.2 Basic (1-8 grade)
11.3.3 Higher Education (9-12 grade)
11.4 What is the condition of the affected schools in the community?
11.4.1 Number of schools destroyed (no further use)
11.4.2 Number of schools severely damaged (unsafe for immediate use)
11.4.3 Number of schools moderately damaged (safe with minor repair)
11.4.4 Number of schools Water logged but can be used sometimes later
11.5 Are schools being used for shelter or other purpose?
11.5.1 Yes 
11.5.2 No 
11.5.1.1 If yes, number of schools used for temporary shelter:
12. Emergency Telecommunications
12.1 What means of security telecoms and data services are available in the affected area?
Means of Communication
Service Status (Yes/No)
Comments
12.1.1 Radio Room Coverage 24 x 7
12.1.2 HF / VHF Radio / HAM radio
12.1.3 Satellite phone
12.1.4 Internet
12.2 What means of public communication are available?
Means of Public Communication
12.2.1 FM/AM Radio
12.2.2 Television
12.2.3 Mobile Phone (GSM, CDMA etc.)
12.2.4 Landline Phone
Service Status (Yes/No)
Comments
13. Logistics
8
13.1 Are all affected areas accessible for humanitarian agencies? (please tick as appropriate)
13.1.1 No  13.1.2 Don’t know 
13.1.3 Partially 
13.1.4 Fully 
Remarks: Please describe in short if affected area partially or fully accessible and attach map as appropriate
13.2 Are logistics basic services functioning immediate after disaster in the affected wards? (please tick as appropriate)
Logistics services
No
Don’t know
Partially operational
Fully operational
Remarks
13.2.1 Fuel stations
13.2.2 Electricity
13.2.3 Alternative power supply
13.2.4 Road service
13.2.5 Transportation means
13.2.6 Air service
13.2.7 Others
Remarks: Please specify the possibility of emergency helicopter landing and other details if needed at separate sheet
attached.
13.3 Since the disaster, what is the biggest logistics concern to the community? (please tick as appropriate)
13.3.1 Debris/rubble 
13.3.2 Stagnant
13.3.3 Landslide 
13.3.4 Bridge damage/collapses 
water 
13.3.5 Non functionality 13.3.6 Unavailability
13.3.7 Damage of airport
13.3.8 River
13.3.9 Others: 
of roads 
of fuel 
runway 
crossing 
Remarks: Please attach separate sheet in detail as appropriate,
13.4 What is the severity of infrastructure damage in the area? (please tick as appropriate)
Infrastructure used for service delivery
Fully
Severely
Moderately
No damage
Remarks
destroyed
damaged
damaged (safe
at all
(no further
(unsafe for
with minor
use)
immediate
repair)
use)
13.4.1 Warehouses
13.4.2 Government Buildings
13.4.3 Custom office
13.4.4 Private buildings
13.4.5 Business houses
13.4.6 Fuel stations
13.4.7 Power stations and its transmission
13.4.8 Airport
13.4.9 Helipads
13.4.10 Others…
Remark: for detail please attach separate sheet
14. Displaced Population and Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)
14.1 Estimated number of displaced people in the ward
14.1.1 Male: ......
14.2 Disaster Affected groups or Vulnerable groups (Copy from Population Section -4)
14.1.2 Female: .....
Female
Male
Total
14.2.1 Children under 5
14.2.2 Elderly >60 years of age
14.2.3 Person with Disability:
14.2.4 Unaccompanied minors ( < 18 years of age)
14.2.5 Severely ill / Disabled people
9
14.2.6
Lactating/Pregnant Mother
14.3 Location of IDP site
14.3.1 Name of the IDP site:
14.3.2 Latitude:
14.3.3 Longitude:
14.3.4 Altitude:
14.3.5 Distance from nearest security forces (Km):
14.2 Type IDP Sites: 14.2.1 Spontaneous  14.2.2 Planned 
14.2.3 Collective centre 
14.3 Ownership of IDP sites:
14.3.1 Private , 14.3.2 Public ,
14.3.3 Other (Specify)
14.4 Registration of Displaced Population: 14.4.1Yes 
14.4.2 No 
15. Existing Relief supports in the affected sites
15.1 Has the affected people received any assistance?
15.1.1 Yes 
15.1.2 No 
15.1.1.1 If Yes, who is providing what?
15.1.2.1 If No, are there any current plans to provide assistance?
15.2 Have all affected people informed (regularly) about the disaster and assistance/response?
15.2.1 Yes , 15.2.2 No 
10