Smart Phone [ Case Study ]
Additional Terms--
1G , 2G , 3G , 4G
• 1G-1G is short for first-generation
wireless telephone technology. This
generation of phones and networks is
represented by the brick-sized
analog phones introduced in the
1980’s. Subsequent numbers refer to
newer and upcoming technology.
1G , 2G , 3G , 4G
• 2G--2G phones use digital networks. Going
all-digital allowed for the
introduction of digital data services,
such as SMS and email. 2G networks
and their digital nature also made it
more difficult to eavesdrop on mobile
phone calls.
1G , 2G , 3G , 4G
• 3G--3G networks are an in between standard.
3G is seen more as pre4G instead of a
standard of its own. The advantage 3G
networks have over 2G networks is speed.
3G networks are built to handle the needs
of today’s wireless users. This standard of
wireless networks increases the speed of
internet browsing, picture and video
messaging, and handheld GPS use.
1G , 2G , 3G , 4G
•
•
4G---4G (AKA Beyond 3G) is like the other
generations in that its advantage lies in
promised increased speeds in data transmission.
There is currently no formal definition for 4G,
but there are objectives. One of these
objectives is for 4G to become a fully IPbased system, much like modern computer
networks. The supposed speeds for 4G will be
between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s.
What is Firewire ?
• FireWire, also known as IEEE 1394, is one of
the fastest peripheral standards ever developed.
It was developed by Apple in the 1990s and has
been included with Macintosh computers
beginning with the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and
White) model. FireWire has been widely adopted
as a standard by digital peripheral companies
such as Sony, Canon, JVC and Kodak.
• FireWire provides a single plug-andsocket connection on which up to 63
devices can be attached with data
transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps
(megabits per second). The standard
describes a serial bus or pathway
between one or more peripheral devices
and your computer's microprocessor.
What is Firewire ?
• IEEE 1394 provides two types of data
transfer: asynchronous and isochronous.
Asynchronous is for traditional load-and-store
applications where data transfer can be
initiated and an application interrupted as a
given length of data arrives in a buffer.
Isochronous data transfer ensures that data
flows at a pre-set rate so that an application
can handle it in a timed way. For multimedia
applications, this kind of data transfer reduces
the need for buffering and helps ensure a
continuous presentation for the viewer.
What Makes FireWire Really Special?
• FireWire 800 is among the fastest, if not the
fastest, general purpose interface you can find. It
can reach speeds of up to 800 megabits per
second, allowing for the transfer of vast amounts
of information in very little time
• FireWire also supports multispeed. You can mix all
these [age , purpose and quality] on a single bus
and still have all devices operate at maximum
speed, as the interface can change speeds on a
packet-by-packet basis.
• FireWire creates peer-to-peer networks
and has always done so, meaning devices
can talk to each other without requiring
a computer, even on complex chains.
• FireWire can operate over ultra-long
distances—up to 100 meters—opening up
possibilities that are unheard of with
other technologies.
Does FireWire have "plug-andplay" capability?
• Answer: Yes, if the FireWire device
is designed according to the
FireWire standard, the device can be
connected and disconnected, while
both the device and the Macintosh
are turned on.
How many FireWire devices can
be connected at any one time?
• Answer: Fire Wire can work with up to
63 devices on a bus. The number of buspowered devices you can connect
depends on the amount of power
available from the computer, and the
amount of power required by each
device.
What is i.LINK?
• Answer: i.LINK is Sony's name for
FireWire.
Bluetooth
• Bluetooth is a wireless technology for
exchanging data over short distances. The
chip can be plugged into computers, digital
cameras and mobile phones. Bluetooth is a
specification for the use of low-power
radio communications to wirelessly link
phones, computers and other network
devices over short distances.
Cells( in Mobile phone
networks)
In half-duplex radio, both
transmitters use the same
frequency. Only one party can
talk at a time.
In full-duplex radio, the two transmitters use different frequencies,
so both parties can talk at the same time. Cell phones are full-duplex.
Channels - A walkie-talkie typically has one channel, and a CB radio has 40
channels. A typical cell phone can communicate on 1,664 channels or more!
• In a typical analog cell-phone system in the United
States, the cell-phone carrier receives about 800
frequencies to use across the city. The carrier
chops up the city into cells. Each cell is typically
sized at about 10 square miles (26 square
kilometers). Cells are normally thought of as
hexagons on a big hexagonal grid, like this:
• Because cell phones and base stations use lowpower transmitters, the same frequencies can be
reused in non-adjacent cells. The two purple cells
can reuse the same frequencies.
• Each cell has a base station that consists
of a tower and a small building containing
the radio equipment. We'll get into base
stations later. "cells“-- that make up a
cellular system.
• A single cell in an analog cell-phone system
uses one-seventh of the available duplex
voice channels. That is, each cell (of the
seven on a hexagonal grid) is using oneseventh of the available channels so it has
a unique set of frequencies and there are
no collisions
What is Frequency
hopping ?
• FH has mainly the purpose of avoiding
interference,
• In FH, the information is spread over a
bandwidth much larger than is required for
its transmission. For this, it is divided into
several channels of lower bandwidth.
• Knowing the sequence of jumps that must be
followed, the receiver and transmitter jump
through these channels.
What is frequency
hopping ?
• There are two kinds of frequency hopping
• Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH)
• Fast Frequency Hopping (FFH)
• Slow frequency hopping is a popular
technique for wireless LANs.
• In GSM telephony, slow frequency hopping can
be used, at the discretion of the network
control software. It avoids that a stationary
terminal that happens to be located in a fade
looses its link to the base station. As nearby
hopping interferers are unlikely to continuously
transmit in the same frequency slot as the
reference user, the near-far problem is less
severe than in direct sequence (DS) CDMA.
Particularly for wireless LANs, where terminals
can be located anywhere, this advantage made
SFH popular.
• In fast Frequency hopping -one data bit is
divided over multiple hops. In fast hopping,
coherent signal detection is difficult, and
seldom used.
As a result, using the FH have a signal more robust - interference
resistant, and secure - to be very difficult to intercept.
What is graffiti ?
Graffiti is writing, drawing, or symbols applied to any surface without
the permission of the property owner.
Graffiti is a form of vandalism and is illegal when it defaces property
whether public or private.
• SMARTPHONES are being used in
the fight against graffiti in
Manningham.
The new Snap Send Solve app for
iPhones allows users to photograph
graffiti, vandalism and damaged
property and send an instant
message complete with
location co-ordinates to the relevant
council.
WIMAX
• WiMAX Technology is also one of the
emerging wireless technology that
provide us high speed mobile data and
telecommunication services. WiMAX
stands for Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access and it is based
on IEEE 802.16 standards.In this
technological world, we have so many
technologies that help us in every
aspect of our daily life such as
transportation, communication etc.
WiMax is not Wi-fi
Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology is an exciting
area of scientific development
which promises ‘more for less’.
It offers ways to create
smaller, cheaper, lighter and
faster devices that can do
more and cleverer things, use
less raw materials and consume
less energy.
Nanotechnology
Future smartphone tech: HzO
Nanotechnology water-proofing
• According to the guys over at PC World,
Paul S. Clayson, the CEO of HzO
demonstrated the new nanotechnology at a
recent New York press preview for CES
2012 in Las Vegas,
• Calyson dunks a Samsung Galaxy S II that
has been coated HZO’s nanotechnology
into a bowl of water, the “nano-scale film
barrier” is surrounding the electronics
inside the handset and the exterior of the
device and allows the device to continue to
operate under water.
Phishing
• Phishing is a fraudulent attempt, usually made
through email, to steal your personal information.
• Phishing refers to online scams that attempt to
trick consumers into revealing personal information,
such as check and credit card account numbers,
Social Security numbers, or bank account
passwords. Most commonly, phishers target
unsuspecting users with fake Internet sites or email
messages that look startlingly similar to the real
thing. This is sometimes referred to as “spoofing.”
Scammers may also leverage social networking sites.
• Radio is the technology used for
communications in Piconet. Radio
possesses the
• characteristics needed for ad-hoc,
peer-to-peer communications in
virtually all
• configurations and environments
Piconet
• A network of devices connected in an ad hoc
fashion using Bluetooth technology. A piconet is
formed when at least two devices, such as a
portable PC and a cellular phone, connect. A
piconet can support up to eight devices. When
a piconet is formed, one device acts as the
master while the others act as slaves for the
duration of the piconet connection. A piconet is
sometimes called a PAN.
• The range of Piconet will vary based on the
blue tooth device class. The data transfer rate
varies around 200 to 2100 KB/S, depending
upon the synchronous or asynchronous
connection usage, and the number of devices
connected in the piconet.
Piconet
Difference b/w piconet and
scatternets
• A piconet is the type of connection that is
formed between two or more Bluetooth-enabled
devices, one device takes the role of 'master',
and all other devices assume a 'slave' role for
synchronization reasons.
• Where as a scatternet is a number of
interconnected piconets that supports
communication between more than 8 devices.
Scatternets can be formed when a member of
one piconet (either the master or one of the
slaves) elects to participate as a slave in a
second, separate piconet.
HID- human interface device
Thumb wheel
• a control for various devices
consisting of a partially exposed
wheel that can be turned by moving
the exposed edge with a finger .
USB Port
• A USB port is a standard cable
connection interface on personal
computers and consumer electronics.
USB ports allow stand-alone electronic
devices to be connected via cables to a
computer
• USB is the interface of choice for most
home and office peripherals including
printers, cameras, modems, and
portable storage devices.
USB Ports
13 W3 connector
DVI-D Dual
Co axial BNC
“kill” switch
• A kill switch is a mechanism used
• to shut down or disable machinery
or a device or program
• Software programs sometimes
include encoded kill switches as
anti-piracy mechanisms. After
installing the software, if a user
fails to enter a valid registration
key before a specified deadline
passes, the software will either
stop functioning or continue to
function but with reduced
capabilities. Microsoft Vista, for
example, was designed to operate in
"reduced function mode" if the user
didn't register the software within
30 days.
Kill switch
• The kill switch as a "safety lever" or
"malware apparatus" used for
"removing stuff from devices once it
gets out of the perticular market or
org[ say Android Market], once it
escapes."
PDA[ personal digital assistance]
• PDAs and smartphones have some similar
features and one major difference. A
smartphone has a cellular component -- it
can be used to make and receive phone calls
-- and a PDA cannot. What PDAs can do is
organize information. A typical PDA allows
you to keep track of your calendar and todo list, it enables you to work on
documents, it can be synced with a personal
computer or laptop and it can even include
Web access or access to specific email
programs. Some PDAs can also store and
play music and take voice memos.
• PDAs are often cheaper than a smartphone
over the life of the device.
PDA
• Smartphones are set up to allow full Web
browsing and social networking. Just like
PDAs, they can help you organize your life
with contact information, calendars, to-do
lists and productivity software.
Smartphones include a host of multimedia
options for storing and listening to music,
watching movies and television shows, and
taking and sharing photos and video.
Another significant difference between
PDAs and smartphones is application
support. With a smartphone, you can
download a wide variety of applications for
free or a small fee.
Multi touch
• Multi-touch is a method of input on a
touchscreen that allows two or more
fingers to be used on the screen at
one time. Apple's iPhone is famous
for introducing multi-touch to the
cell phone world by using it to allow
pinching and stretching gestures on
the screen to control zooming.
Infra-red
• Infrared is an energy similar to
visible light, but with a longer
wavelength.
• The light we see with our eyes is
really a very small portion of what is
called the "Electromagnetic
Spectrum." The Electromagnetic
Spectrum includes all types of
radiation - from the X-rays used at
hospitals, to radio waves used for
communication, and even the
microwaves you cook food with.
Infra-red
• PowerPoint presentations and the like
are a bit easier to control remotely
because, presumably, they are being
viewed through a laptop. But the
benefit is considerable. No longer
tethered to your laptop, you can
move around the room while still
holding in your hand an image of
what’s on the screen behind you.
Infra red
• Infrared light is even used to heat
food sometimes - special lamps that
emit thermal infrared waves are
often used in fast food restaurants!
• Shorter, near infrared waves are
not hot at all - in fact you cannot
even feel them. These shorter
wavelengths are the ones used by
your TV's remote control.
Jail break
• The iPhone, iPod touch & iPad hack that allow
users to gain access to the entire Unix
filesystem. In Unix terms, this refers to
changing the root of the directory tree to .
• Jailbreaking is basically modifying the iPhone’s
firmware so that you can get access to the
internals of its operating system and install a
whole slew of third-party applications on your
iPhone that are not otherwise available through
official channels.
Why Would I Want to Jailbreak
My Phone?
• It lets you do everything from
customizing the look of your iPhone to
installing third-party applications (such
as titles that are not authorized and
available in the App Store) and
customized ringtones on it. Depending on
how far you're willing to go, you can do
even more than that: Jailbreaking even
lets you to unlock your phone so you can
use it with a carrier other than the one
from which you purchased it
Is Jailbreaking the Same
as Unlocking?
•
No, these are 2 different things,
although to unlock your iPhone, you usually
have to jailbreak first. As noted above,
jailbreaking an iPhone lets you install third
party applications and mods on it, while
unlocking allows you to use your iPhone
with a different carrier
Synchronization
• Synchronization occurs when a
mobile device communicates with
applications on a personal computer
or a server. This is often referred
to simply as a "sync" or a "docking".
Research in Motion BlackBerry
technicians call it "cradling" when it
applies to BlackBerry devices.
Synchronization
• Synchronization is the process by
which Data Protection Manager
(DPM) transfers data changes from
a protected file server to a DPM
server, and then applies the changes
to the replica of the protected data.
Pharming
• Pharming is a scamming practice in
which malicious code is installed on a
personal computer or server,
misdirecting users to fraudulent Web
sites without their knowledge or
consent. Pharming has been called
"phishing without a lure."
pharming
• Whereas phishing uses fraudulent email messages to lure you to fake
Web sites and try to get you to
supply personal information like
account passwords, pharming attacks
redirect you to a hacker's site even
when you type the address of a real
site into your browser.
HAPPY READING !!!!!!