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
Natural or artificial substance containing chemical
elements that improve growth and productivity of plants.

Modern chemical fertilizers include one or more of the
three elements most important in plant nutrition:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium.

The second important Nutrients are : Sulfur, Magnesium,
and Calcium.
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•
•
Plants depend on nutrients in
the soil to provide the basic
chemicals for these metabolic
reactions.
The use of synthetic fertilizers
has significantly improved the
quality and quantity of the food
available today.
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The Haber Process:
1)Combines Nitrogen from
the air with Hydrogen
derived mainly from
natural gas (Methane)into
Ammonia.
2)The reaction is
reversible.
3) The production of
Ammonia is exothermic.
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
The primary components in fertilizers are
nutrients which are vital for plant growth.

Nitrates are known to be essential
components for making protein in plants.

Plants use Nitrogen in the synthesis of
proteins, nucleic acids.
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
Nitrogen at higher levels causes a
loss of certain plant species,
depletion of soil nutrients, death of
fish and aquatic organisms, and
contamination of drinking water.

When plants are nitrogen deficient,
they are marked by reduced growth
and yellowing of leaves.
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1.
2.
Urea
Urea contains 45% to 46%
Nitrogen. Urea is a solid that is
granulated before applying.
Anhydrous ammonia, which
contains 82% nitrogen it is one
of the most commonly used
Nitrogen fertilizers because it
has a higher concentration of
Nitrate and is lower in cost.
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3- Ammonium nitrate contains 34% nitrogen.
It is a 50-50 mix of Ammonium and Nitrate
Nitrogen.
4- Ammonium Sulfate contains only 21%
Nitrogen. It is applied as a dry form with no
Nitrogen loss through volatilization.
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What is the best
amount of Nitrogen
fertilizer we
can add to plants?
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Not all amount
of Nitrogen
fertilizer is
suitable for
plants.
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1-Prepare the pots, fill it with the same soil
weight(738)gram.
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2-Seven Pea Seeds were planted in each pot,
For 12 Days and irrigated as needed.
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3-Six treatments were Done ,Nitrogen fertilizer
were added in different weight (0,2,3,4,5,6)g.
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4- Nitrogen fertilizer was dissolved in 100 ml of
distilled water.
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5- Nitrogen fertilizer solutions were added to
the Soil.
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6-The Treatments were made in triplicate.
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7-Observe and record the growth of plants per
day with the addition of water in equal
amount.
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8-Measure and record the length of the Stalk
Average Length of stalk in (cm)
date
6g
5g
4g
3g
2g
0g
0
0
0
0
0
0
15/4
0
0
0
0
0
0.9
17/4
0
0
0.7
0.5
0
1
18/4
0
0
1.75
0.96
0.5
1.36
19/4
0
0
2.73
1.63
1
2.13
20/4
0
0
5.13
3.22
2.2
4.4
22/4
0
0
6.4
5.28
2.7
5.11
24/4
0
0
8
6.88
4
5.74
27/4
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Length of the stalk in cm
8
7
0g
6
2g
5
3g
4
4g
3
5g
2
6g
1
0
-1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
DATE
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1-The beginning of the growth in pots that
does not contain fertilizer.
2-The growth of plants in all pots variably.
3-Observed the quality of each of the stalk
length and diameter , surface area of the
leaves and the number of branches in the
pots which contain (4g/100 ml).
4-Did not notice the growth in pots which
contain(5 g), (6 g) nitrogen fertilizer.
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Nitrogen fertilizer should be
added to the soil in a certain
amount, taking into account:
1- Type of plant.
2-Soil conditions.
3-Type of fertilizer.
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Based of the results of the research, we
recommended the farmers to:
1- Use the right percentage of Nitrogen fertilizer.
2-Use the suitable Nitrogen fertilizer to suit the
type of plants ,and the nature of the soil.
3-Further research need, Find ways to reduce the
impact of nitrogen fertilizer on groundwater.
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Books
1-Rao, N. S. Biofertilizers in Agriculture & Forestry. IBH,
1993.
2-Stocchi, E. Industrial Chemistry. Ellis Horwood, 1990.
Lowrison, George. Fertilizer Technology. John Wiley and
Sons, 1989.
Periodicals
Kirschner, Elisabeth. "Fertilizer Makers Gear up to
Grow." Chemical & Engineering News, March, 31 1997,
p. 13-15.
[Article by: Perry Romanowski]
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