The Circulatory System
Mrs. Hoover
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/disease/heartdiseaserev1.shtml
Objectives
 Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms - The student
will engage in investigations that integrate the process
standards and lead to the discovery of the following
objectives:
 1. By classifying organisms, biologists consider details of internal and
external structure.
 2. Organisms have a great variety of internal and external structures
that enable them to survive.
The Circulatory System:
Introduction
 The circulatory system (or cardiovascular system) moves
blood throughout the body.
 Consists of 3 main components:
 Heart
 Blood Vessels
 Blood
 Interacts with all tissue systems in the body.
The Circulatory System:
the body’s transport system.
http://room212bio.posterous.com/?tag=diseases
http://grovebiol.co.uk/humphys3transpt.aspx
Blood Vessels
Heart
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bone_marrow_transplantation.aspx
Blood
Heart: Anatomy
 Pumps blood to circulate throughout your body
 Located in the center of the chest cavity
 The apex (or bottom) of the heart points towards the left
 Strongest muscle in the body
 Encased in a fluid filled sac known as the pericardium
 Separated into right and left sides by the septum
 Contains 4 chambers
 Right atrium, right ventricle
 Left atrium, left ventricle
Heart: Atrium
 The atrium is the top chamber of the heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Received oxygenated blood from the lungs
Pumps blood to the right ventricle
Pumps blood to the left ventricle
http://www.evgschool.org/heart_diagram.htm
Heart: Ventricle
 Lower, larger chamber of the heart
 Contains thick walls of muscle to help pump out a greater
capacity of blood than the atrium
 The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it
has to send blood out to the entire body, whereas the right
ventricle only sends blood to the lungs
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the
right atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the
left atrium
Pumps blood out to the lungs to
exchange CO2 waste with O2
Pumps blood out to the body
Heart: Valves
 Keeps blood flowing in one direction
 Heart contains 4
 Tricuspid valve *
 Separates right atrium from
right ventricle
 Has 3 “leaflets”
 Bicuspid valve *
http://www.yourheartvalve.com/heartbasics/heartvalves.htm
 Separates left atrium from right ventricle
 Has 2 “leaflets”
Heart: Valves
 Aortic valve *
 Lies between the aorta (see blood vessels) and the left ventricle
 Known as a semilunar valve (contains 3 cusps)
 Pulmonary valve *
 Lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (see blood
vessels)
 Known as a semilunar valve
http://www.yourheartvalve.com/heartbasics/heartvalves.htm
Heart: Blood Flow
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Blood Vessels
 Carry blood in the circulatory system
 All emerge from the base of the heart
 Consist of:
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries
Blood Vessels: Arteries
 Carry blood away from the heart
 2 Major arteries associated with the heart
 Aorta
 Directs blood from the left ventricle to the body
 Pulmonary arteries
 Directs blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Blood Vessels: Arteries
Blood Vessels: Veins
 Carry blood to the heart
 2 major veins associated with the heart
 Venae cavae (“veena cave-a”)
 Returns blood from the body to the right atrium
 Pulmonary veins
 Returns blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Blood Vessels: Veins
Blood Vessels: Capillaries
 Porous vessels found within tissues
 Place of exchange between blood and tissues
 Blood enters tissues and exchanges oxygen and materials
 Connection between arteries and veins
http://www.chelationtherapyonline.com/articles/p198.htm
Blood Vessels: Blood Flow
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Blood
 Fluid that is found in the circulatory system
 Carries oxygen and other materials to tissues in the body
 Produced in bone marrow
 Cleaned by the kidneys
 Consists of:




Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
http://www.english-online.at/biology/blood/blood-supply-and-blood-diseases.htm
Blood: Plasma
 The liquid portion of blood
 Contains:
 Water
 Ions
 Organic Molecules
 Dissolved gases
 Proteins
http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2010/03/mariner-cliff-lee-has-abdominal-strain-using-new-therapy/
Blood: Red Blood Cells
 Also known as erythrocytes (meaning red)
 Main role is to transport gases:
 Oxygen from the lungs to tissues
 Carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs
http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/cytochrome-b5-reductase-blood-test.html
Blood: White Blood Cells
 Also known as leukocytes (meaning white)
 Main role is in the body’s immune response defending against
foreign invaders:
 Parasites
 Bacteria
 Viruses
Blood: White Blood Cells
 There are 5 different cell types:
 Lymphocytes
 Monocytes
 Neutrophils
 Eosinophils
 Basophils
http://www.antiaging-skins-care.com/immune.html
 Each cell type performs a specific function in fighting off
invaders.
Blood: Platelets
 Also known as thrombocytes (meaning to lump or clot).
 Main role is to aid in blood clotting mechanisms
 Prevents loss of blood in damaged vessels
 Part of wound healing
http://www.regenexx.com/tag/platelet-rich-plasma/
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Review:
Circulatory System Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mH0QTWzU-xI
Review:
Circulatory System Song
 <iframe title="YouTube video player" width="640"
height="510"
src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/LqhvmUEdOYY?r
el=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE&NR=1
Additional Resources
 Great video from the Mayo Clinic
 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/circulatory-
system/MM00636
 Explore the anatomy of the circulatory system from the Texas
Heart Institute
 http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/
 Test your knowledge by playing these games from Quia
 http://www.quia.com/jg/54523.html
Quiz
What separates the heart into left and right sides?
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pericardium
Septum
Ventricle
Capillary
The right atrium is larger than the left atrium because it
needs more force to pump the blood to the body.
2.
a)
b)
True
False
Quiz
Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through
the heart?
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium
Right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, left ventricle, left atrium
Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
Left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle
Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through
the blood vessels?
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Heart, arteries, lungs, veins, heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart
Heart, veins, lungs, arteries, heart, veins, capillaries, veins, heart
Heart, capillaries, lungs, capillaries, heart, arteries, veins, heart
None of the above
Quiz
Which of the following is not found in blood?
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Platelets
Plasma
Bile
Cells
How many different types of white blood cells are there?
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
2
4
5
Assignment (25 pts.)
 Correctly label the different parts of the heart. (5 pts.)
 What are the functions of arteries, veins and capillaries? Where
are they found? (5 pts.)
 List and define the different components that make up blood.
(5 pts.)
 Using the worksheet provided, trace the route that blood takes in
the circulatory system. Make sure you differentiate between
oxygen poor (blue) and oxygen rich (red) blood. (10 pts.)