REVIEW SESSION
Or
The Whole of Psychology in under
90 minutes
Higher Level Cognition
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Availability
Representativeness
Base Rate Fallacy
Gambler’s Fallacy
Anchoring
Confirmation Bias
Loss Avoidance
Status Quo Bias
Weighting Bias
Emotions
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Evidence of universality
Biological Components
Theories
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James-Lange
Two Factor
Current Issues
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Separability of emotion and cognition
Emotional Intelligence
Motivation
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Theorists -- why do we do what we do?
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Freud: “To meet an unconscious need”
Hull: “To achieve homeostasis”
Skinner: “To get a reward”
Rotter: “Because she expected she would
get across and it was important to her to
get across”
Maslow: “To achieve self actualization”
Motivation
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The effects of rewards
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Lepper study & similar
Learned helplessness & attribution
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Depressive style -- internal, stable, global
Stress
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Types of stress:
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acute and chronic physical threat,
psychological/social threat.
Stress activates the sympathetic "fight or
flight" response. Parasympathetic response
counteracts that.
Prolonged activation can cause damage:
heart disease, reproduction, growth,
digestion, immunity
Stress
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Eustress
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Methods of coping: control, humor, optimism,
social support, relaxation.
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Individual differences in stress response:
Type A vs. B and hardiness,
Personality
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Freud
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Contributions, criticisms &
methods
Concepts
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Psychic determinism
Id, Superego, Ego
Theory of psychosexual
stages of development
Methods of
assessment
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Projective
Paper& pencil
Big Five factors
Personality
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Defense mechanisms
 Reaction Formation
 Rationalization
 Regression
 Projection
 Denial
 Repression
The Power of the Situation
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Errors and Biases
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Conformity
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Asch
Obedience
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Fundamental Attribution Error
Just Word Bias
Milgram
Social Roles
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Zimbardo
Social Reality & Positive
Social Psych
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Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger & Carlsmith)
Perceiving Social Reality (Hastorf &Cantril)
Self-Fulfilling Prophesies (Rosenthal &
Jacobson)
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Stereotyping & Prejudice
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Sherif “Robber’s Cave”
Role of Errors & Biases
Social Reality & Positive
Social Psych
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Methods of Persuasion
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Reciprocity, Consistency, Social Proof,
Liking, Authority, Scarcity, Foot in the Door,
Door in the Face, “Even a penny will help”,
“Because . . .”
Helping & Liking
Abnormal
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Three classic symptoms of mental
disorder: hallucinations, delusions and
affective disturbances
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Some symptoms of mental disorder in
all of us, not cut & dry line betweenwhat
is abnormal and what is not.
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Medical model vs. psychological model
Abnormal
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DSM-IV
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divides mental disorders into thematic
categories
diagnoses by using symptom profiles
instead of hard and fast criteria
requires distress or impairment in
functioning to be considered disorder
Important to remember that must cause
problems with functioning to be
considered a disorder.
Abnormal
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Know gist of following disorders:
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specific phobia
OCD
Depression
schizophrenia
Abnormality in Social Context
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Definitions of abnormality
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Distress, Maladaptiveness, Irrationality,
Unpredictability, Unconventionality,
Observer Discomfort
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Effects of labels
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Social and political uses of labels
Abnormality in Social Context
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Cultural variations -- reasons
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Personality / cognitive style
Definitions of mental illness
Acceptability of mental (as opposed to physical)
distress
Usage of medical and psychological services
Views of the origins and treatment of illness
Bias of Clinicians?
Problems with assessment tools?
Therapy
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Behavioral Therapy
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Flooding
Systematic Desensitization
Aversion Therapy
Social Learning Therapy
Operant Conditioning Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Family Therapy
Therapy
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Psychoanalytic Therapy
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Freud
Jung – archetypes and collective unconscious
Projective Tests
Humanistic Therapy
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Unconditional Positive Regard, Genuineness,
Non-Directive Guidance
Therapy
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Biomedical Therapy
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Drugs
Surgery
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Thank You for Being Such
Great Students!
Good Luck on the Final!!